The development of batteries can be described as ups and downs. In the early years, the originator of the first electric car was equipped with lead-acid batteries, even 50 years earlier than the first fuel-fired car. Later, it stopped several times in the middle of 100 years because of low battery life and troublesome charging. In the 1990s, lithium batteries returned to the embrace of consumer batteries and became the batteries for mobile phones and laptops. By the beginning of 2 1 century, Tesla used lithium batteries as a power source and applied them to automobiles. In the following ten years, the development of on-board power lithium battery was a craze.
Coincidentally, BYD also acquired Qinchuan Automobile in 2003 and began to enter the automobile industry, which was founded in the same year as Tesla. Many people don't know that BYD's predecessor was a technology enterprise specializing in battery manufacturing. Also in 2003, BYD was the second largest battery manufacturer in the world.
Excerpted from several other BYD stories:
In September 2008, Buffett spent HK$ 654.38+08 billion to subscribe for 225 million shares of BYD at a price of HK$ 8 per share.
20 1 1 The first electric car E6 is equipped with lithium iron phosphate battery.
20 12 BYD and Daimler jointly launched DENZA Tengshi.
In 20 17, the sales volume of new energy vehicles in China market was about 777,000 vehicles, among which BYD's new energy passenger vehicles reached114,000 vehicles, which was not only the first in China for four consecutive years, but also the first in the world for three consecutive years.
In 2020, BYD first introduced the blade battery, which was mounted on the Korean model, one of the series of BYD dynasty.
Undoubtedly, from the perspective of the layout of new energy vehicles, BYD is a pioneer in China; In terms of sales volume, it is also a leader in new energy vehicles.
PK of ternary lithium and lithium iron phosphate batteries
In order to vigorously develop new energy vehicles, the state has implemented a subsidy policy for electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles. The earliest subsidies for new energy vehicles were not linked to mileage, but in 20 13 years, new energy subsidies began to be linked to cruising range.
The cruising range of electric vehicles is actually the endurance of the power battery of electric vehicles. A brief analysis from top to bottom, the first level: the same car, the same weight, in order to improve battery life, it is necessary to improve battery capacity.
The second level: improving battery capacity can be viewed from two angles, one is stacking battery modules, and the other is improving energy density. The former brings weight increase and battery life discount, so improving energy density is the key.
Then go down to the third level: the key to improve energy density lies in: first, the selection and proportion of battery materials; Secondly, the optimization of battery internal space and the layout of the whole packaging space; Third, the weight of the whole module or package is "slimmed down".
The energy density difference between ternary lithium battery and lithium ferrous phosphate lies in the different battery materials. Representative ternary lithium batteries include cylindrical NGA (Nickel Cobalt Aluminum) and domestic square NGM (Nickel Cobalt Manganese). Of course, the same kind, such as NGM, has different material ratios, such as 523,622,811battery, so I won't go into details here.
The lithium iron phosphate LFP, in terms of energy density, is relatively lower than the ternary lithium battery. Therefore, with the same battery layout space, the battery capacity of lithium ferrous phosphate is less, and the natural cruising range is less. It is precisely because the subsidy is linked to the cruising range that the battery energy density will rise. It is precisely because passenger car subsidies have always been linked to cruising range that ternary lithium batteries once led the share of power batteries. In recent years, the installed capacity of ternary lithium batteries has been ahead of lithium iron phosphate batteries, and it is still the case today. This situation will continue until the end of 2022, because by that time, subsidies for electric vehicles will be completely withdrawn. Therefore, lithium iron phosphate batteries are basically used in commercial vehicles and rarely used in passenger cars. The subsequent electric vehicle market will be unpredictable with the changes of the market.
In the post-subsidy era of new energy, lithium ferrous phosphate will return to the historical stage.
The lithium iron phosphate battery market began to stir before the subsidy was withdrawn in 2020. In the same year, domestic Tesla Model 3 and BYD Korea successively turned to lithium iron phosphate batteries, and other major OEMs also set foot in lithium iron phosphate. Although the final subsidy was postponed for two years, it did not affect the return of lithium iron phosphate batteries at all.
Why did lithium ferrous phosphate rise again after it returned to the market? I have to say that lithium ferrous phosphate has several advantages.
Good stability. Although ternary lithium battery has high energy density, it brings a fatal weakness: poor stability, which is what we often call safety. Lithium iron phosphate battery has better thermal stability and higher safety. As far as cars are concerned, if the safety of consumers is not guaranteed, people will be worried when driving.
The cost performance ratio is high, and it is precisely because the precious metal, a high energy density material needed by ternary lithium, is scarce that the price of ternary lithium battery is more expensive than that of lithium phosphate. If the subsidy goes on, the market will gradually turn to lithium ferrous phosphate with higher cost performance, which is why many enterprises have started to introduce lithium ferrous phosphate versions.
Blade batteries also belong to lithium iron phosphate batteries. Compared with ordinary lithium ferrous phosphate, the blade battery optimizes the internal battery core composition and external module structure composition, and improves the space utilization rate. That is to say, more batteries can be put in a unit space, and finally the energy density is increased by 50%!
Therefore, the blade battery is the sublimation of lithium ferrous phosphate, from the second law of improving energy density, the layout optimization of the internal space of the battery and the whole packaging space. This not only improves the energy density, meets the needs of consumers for cruising range, but also improves the safety factor after being installed on passenger cars. Finally, at the price level, we should also have an advantage. This method of killing three birds with one stone is an excellent opportunity for consumer goods in the automobile industry, and it also makes waves for the electric vehicle industry.
Therefore, BYD is confident to pass the most rigorous experiment of power battery-acupuncture experiment. It is difficult for ternary lithium battery to pass the acupuncture experiment, because of its poor thermal stability, so the result of acupuncture experiment is often smoke, fire or even explosion. The four pure electric vehicles released by BYD this time, 202 1 Tang EV, Qin Jia EV, Song Jia EV and 202 1 e2, are all equipped with blade batteries, thus starting the road of "sabre".
The electric vehicle market will always be market-oriented. If we continue to push electric vehicles to the public, then the cost of electric vehicles must be reduced, and the endurance cannot be reduced. So the blade battery, just standing on the tuyere. The first representative of the blade battery is BYD Korea, and the monthly sales of new energy electric vehicles are nearly 10,000, which shows that the blade battery is selected correctly.
Unlike Tesla's pursuit of low-cost solutions, BYD has spent a lot of effort on power batteries.
In addition to these pure electric vehicles that can "wear knives", I hope BYD can "wear knives" to take orders and release more production capacity after meeting its own needs, so that more electric vehicles can also "wear knives".