Latin plant and animal mineral name: lilac

Fruits will be harvested and dried when they are ripe.

Character identification: the fruit is obovate to oblong; 2-2.5 cm long and 0.6- 1 cm in diameter. There are four toothed sepals at the top, which bend towards the center and have fruit stalks at the base. The surface is brown, rough and wrinkled. Pericarp and seed coat are thin. Crispy, easy to break off, some have no peel or seed coat, only seeds. The nucleolus is obovate and dark brown, and consists of two thick cotyledons. Cotyledons are chicken tongue-shaped, irregularly clasped, and there is a thin rod-shaped radicle in the center, which extends from the center of cotyledons to the wider top. It's hard, it's hard to break The smell is slightly fragrant and the taste is spicy.

① Don't record: "Slight temperature."

② Theory of medicinal properties: "pungent but nontoxic."

Meridian and spleen meridian; Stomach; Liver; Kidney meridian

Function is mainly used to warm the middle and dispel cold. Treat sudden heartache, vomiting due to stomach cold, toothache due to wind-cold, toothache, halitosis, women's cold, and hernia in children.

(1) "Bielu": "Treating toxic swelling of feng shui. Go to evil spirits and cure cholera heartache. "

② Tao Hongjing: "Treating nuclear toxic swelling."

③ Shu Ben Cao: "Treating vomiting is very effective."

(4) The Book of Paintings for Children: "Treating halitosis is the best, and treating qi is also effective."

Usage and dosage: decoction, 1-3g, or grinding. External use: Take appropriate amount, grind and smear it or use it as suppository.

Heat syndrome and internal heat due to yin deficiency should be avoided.

(1) Lei Gong made fire: "No fire is visible. Afraid of Yujin. "

2 "Materia Medica": "Anyone with heat syndrome should avoid it. Don't use it unless it is cold. "

Clinical application of hernia treatment in children

Take a proper amount of mother clove powder and sprinkle it on Polygonum multiflorum Thunb plaster and stick it on the affected area. 1 ~ 2 days, until it is cured. Observed 19 cases, cured 15 cases, improved in 3 cases, and ineffective 1 case. Drug characteristics

This product is a near-ripe fruit of EugeniacaryophyllataThunb. Myrtaceae. Fruits will be picked and dried when they are ripe. The product is oval or rectangular, with a length of1.5 ~ 3cm and a diameter of 0.5 ~ 1 cm. The surface is yellow-brown or brown with fine wrinkles; There are four persistent sepals at the top, which bend inward into a hook; There are traces of fruit stalks at the base; Peel and kernel can be peeled off, and the kernel is folded from two cotyledons, brown or dark brown, oily, with obvious longitudinal grooves in the center; There are embryos in it, which are thin rods. Hard quality, not easy to break. It's fragrant and spicy.

Identification method

(1) The powder of this product is brown. There are many starch granules, single granule is oval, shell-shaped, round or irregular, with a diameter of14 ~ 35μ m. There are many fibers, which are scattered in bundles or single roots, yellow-brown, mostly long shuttle-shaped, triangular or irregular, with occasional branches, with a diameter of14 ~ 88μ m, dense bedding and holes. There are clusters of calcium oxalate crystals in parenchyma cells, with a diameter of 7 ~ 43 μ m, occasionally small crystals of calcium oxalate, and the oil chamber is broken.

⑵ Take 1.5g of this product powder, add 5ml of ether, shake well for several minutes, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. In addition, female clove 1.5g was taken as the control medicinal material, and the control medicinal material solution was prepared by the same method. Then take eugenol reference substance and add ether to make a solution containing 0.5mg per kloc-0/ml as reference substance solution. According to the thin-layer chromatography test (Appendix ⅵ b), absorb 5μl of each of the above three solutions, respectively spot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, develop with petroleum ether (60 ~ 90℃)- ethyl acetate (9: 1) as the developing agent, take them out, dry them, and spray 5% vanillin sulfuric acid solution at 105℃. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatograms of the reference medicinal materials and the reference substance.

Check content

According to the moisture determination method (appendix ⅸ h second method), the moisture content shall not exceed 12.0%. The total ash content shall not exceed 4.0% (Appendix ⅸ k).

draw

According to the hot dip method (Appendix XA) under the alcohol-soluble extract determination method, the ethanol used as the solvent shall not be less than 15.0%.

Content determination

According to high performance liquid chromatography (appendix ⅵ d). Chromatographic conditions and system applicability test with octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as filler; Using methanol-water (65∶40) as mobile phase; The detection wavelength is 280 nm. Calculated by eugenol peak, the theoretical plate number should be not less than 3000. Preparation of reference substance solution: Accurately weigh a proper amount of eugenol reference substance, and add absolute ethanol to make a solution containing 0.65438±0mg per 65438±0ml. Preparation of test solution Take 0.3g of this product powder (pass through No.2 sieve), weigh it accurately, put it in a 25ml measuring bottle, add anhydrous ethanol to the scale, soak it for 24h, shake it evenly and filter it. The determination method accurately absorbs 65438 00μ l control solution and test solution respectively, and injects them into the liquid chromatograph for determination. This product contains eugenol (C 10H 10O2) not less than 0.65% in terms of dry product.

assay method

Name of method: Coriolus versicolor-determination of polysaccharide-neutralization titration method

Usage: The content of polysaccharide in Coriolus versicolor was determined by neutralization titration.

This method is suitable for dried Coriolus versicolor fruiting body. ) quel, a polyporaceae fungus.

Methods: The contents of total sugar and monosaccharide in the sample were determined respectively, and the polysaccharide content was obtained by subtracting the monosaccharide content from the total sugar content.

Reagent: 1. dilute sulphuric acid

4. Phenolphthalein indicator

3. Sodium hydroxide test solution

4. Sodium thiosulfate titration solution (0. 1 mol/L)

5. Iodine titration solution (0.05 mol/L)

6. Starch indicator

Instruments and equipment:

Sample preparation: 1. Phenolphthalein indicator.

Take phenolphthalein 1g and add ethanol 100 mL to dissolve. The color change range is pH8.3~ 10.0 (colorless → red).

4. Sodium hydroxide test solution

Take 4.3g sodium hydroxide and add water to dissolve it into 100 mL.

3. Sodium thiosulfate titration solution (0. 1 mol/L)

Preparation: Take 26g of sodium thiosulfate and 0.20g of anhydrous sodium carbonate, add a proper amount of newly boiled cold water to dissolve it into 1000mL, shake it evenly, leave it for 1 month and then filter it.

Calibration: Take 0. 15g of standard potassium dichromate dried to constant weight at 120℃, accurately weigh it, put it in an iodine bottle, add 50mL of water to dissolve it, add 2.0g of potassium iodide to dissolve it, gently shake it, add 40mL of dilute sulfuric acid, shake it evenly and plug it tightly; Leave it in the dark for 10 minute, and then dilute it with 250 ml of water. When titrating with this solution to the end point, add 3mL starch indicator, and continue titration until the blue color disappears and becomes bright green, and correct the titration result with blank test. Every 1mL of sodium thiosulfate (0. 1mol/L) is equivalent to 4.903mg of potassium dichromate. According to the consumption of the solution and the amount of potassium dichromate, the concentration of the solution is calculated.

When the room temperature is higher than 25℃, the reaction solution and dilution water should be cooled to about 20℃.

4. Iodine titration solution (0.05 mol/L)

Preparation: Take 13.0g iodine, add 36g potassium iodide and 50mL water, add 3 drops of hydrochloric acid and appropriate amount of water to make 1000mL, shake well, and filter with a vertical glass filter.

Calibration: Take about 0. 15g of benchmark arsenic trioxide dried to constant weight at 105℃, accurately weigh it, add 10 ml of sodium hydroxide titration solution (1 mol/L), dissolve it with slight heat, and add 20mL of water and 1 L. Every 1mL iodine titration solution (0.05mol/L) is equivalent to 4.946mg arsenic trioxide. According to the consumption of the solution and the amount of arsenic trioxide, the concentration of the solution is calculated.

5. Starch indicator

Take 0.5g of soluble starch, add 5mL of water, stir evenly, slowly pour into 100mL boiling water, continue to stir and boil for 2min, cool, and pour out the supernatant. This liquid should be made in a new way.

Operating steps: take about 5g of total sugar coarse powder, accurately weigh it, put it in a conical flask, accurately add 120 mL of water, weigh it, heat and reflux 1h, let it cool, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with water, shake it evenly, filter it with absorbent cotton, accurately measure 40 mL of filtrate, and add 1 phenolphthalein indicator. Accurately add 25 ml of iodine titration solution (0. 1 mol/L), add 4mL of sodium hydroxide solution drop by drop, shake vigorously while adding, plug it, place it in the dark for10min, add 4mL of dilute sulfuric acid, and titrate with sodium thiosulfate titration solution (0. 1mol/L) immediately. Every 1mL iodine titration solution (0. 1mol/L) is equivalent to 9.008mg anhydrous glucose (C6H 12O6).

Accurately measure 40mL of filtrate under total sugar, and follow the method under total sugar, starting with "adding phenolphthalein indicator 1~2 drops", and do the same operation. Every 1mL iodine titration solution (0. 1mol/L) is equivalent to 9.008mg anhydrous glucose (C6H 12O6). Prepare herbs by frying.

If necessary, remove impurities and mash.

Sexual taste and meridian tropism

Xin hewen Enter spleen, stomach, lung and kidney meridians.

Functions and instructions

Warming the middle energizer, reducing adverse qi, tonifying kidney and strengthening yang. Used for deficiency-cold of spleen and stomach, hiccup and vomiting, anorexia and vomiting, chills and pains, and impotence due to kidney deficiency.

dosage

1~3g. Take orally or grind and apply externally.

pay attention to

It should not be used with Radix Curcumae. 1. Land selection and soil preparation should choose areas with mild and humid conditions, calm wind environment and gentle temperature and humidity changes. The best slope direction is the southeast slope, and the soil with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage should be selected for farming. Loose sandy loam is suitable for this soil. Dig deep into the soil, break the clods, apply decomposed dry pig cow dung and burnt soil as base fertilizer, and apply 2500-3000 kg fertilizer per mu. After leveling, make a frame with a width of L- 1.3m and a height of 25-30cm. If planted in the plain, the groundwater level should be low, at least below 3 meters. If conditions permit, build shelter belts first to prevent typhoon damage. Before planting, dig a pit with the size of 60cm× 60cm× 50cm, apply decomposed manure 15-25kg in the pit, add 0.05-0. 1kg of natural phosphate rock powder, mix in topsoil to fill the pit, and let it sink naturally before planting.

2. Breeding methods mainly use seeds for breeding. Fruit ripens in July and August. Fresh fruit has solid meat quality, with 600-700 grains per kilogram of fresh fruit. The ditch depth is 2 cm, and the row spacing varies with the seedling raising methods. Seedbed seedling, plant spacing10cm×15cm; Nutritional brick seedlings, spacing between plants is 4 cm ×6 cm. After sowing, cover with a layer of fine soil so that you can't see the seeds. Never cover it too thick. Before sowing, set up the front shed and keep 50% canopy density. It can germinate in 19-20 days after sowing. Three months later, when there are three pairs of true leaves, the seedlings are moved into plastic film bags or bamboo baskets filled with humus soil, and four seedlings are moved into each bag (basket), and they are placed in natural forests or artificial front beds for continuous cultivation. Flowering and fruiting 5-6 years after colonization.

3. Tian Tuan management

(1) Shading L-3-year-old young trees need shading especially. Because of the wide planting distance, tall crops, such as corn and cassava, can be planted between rows, which can not only shade, but also protect, increase income and achieve the purpose of dwarf planting.

(2) Weeding and covering the soil in July, September and June 10, respectively. Weed around the clove plants and cover them with grass, but don't turn them up with a hoe and hurt the fragrant roots. Weeds in other parts of the forest are cut down to cover the ground, or they can be used as green manure to cover the ground instead of natural vegetation. Weeding work, until the crown is closed, the growth of weeds can be suppressed.

⑶ There are many fatal factors in the young stage of transplanting lilac. If there is a shortage of seedlings, we should replant plants of the same age in time.

(4) Irrigation and drainage young lilac trees have delicate roots and are not drought-tolerant. Lilac trees under three years old need to be watered in the dry season, otherwise the young trees will dry up. Flowering and fruiting period is easy to cause falling flowers and fruits in dry season, and water should be sprinkled, and the drainage ditch should be circulated before the rainy season to prevent water accumulation.

5] Fertilization After field planting, fertilization is generally carried out 2-3 times a year: the first time is in February-March; Each plant was applied with 10- 15 kg diluted human excrement or 0.05-0. 1 kg urea, calcium sulfate and potassium chloride respectively; The second time in July and August, in addition to applying nitrogen fertilizer, each plant was applied with 0. 1 kg calcium superphosphate or appropriate amount of compost and soil burning, but it should not be excessive and close to the rhizosphere to avoid root burning and rot; For the third time, apply organic fertilizer or compost during 10- 12, and add appropriate amount of calcium superphosphate and plant ash.

[6] Lilac tree is a shallow root system, and the fine report of the upper surface soil must avoid injury. At the same time, these fine roots should not be exposed to the soil surface. If bare, use fertile loose soil to cultivate the soil for 2-5 cm.

(7) Pruning lilac trees requires a lot of pruning, but in order to pick flowers conveniently, you can prune the branches on the trunk within 50-70 cm from the ground; If there are several bifurcated trunks, it is necessary to remove the weak ones, keep the strong ones, keep the oblique ones straight, and keep the branches of 1. Don't trim the branches and leaves casually, so as not to create vacancies and affect the formation of the cone crown. The setting of windbreak forest is an important measure to ensure the integrity of fragrant garden. In addition, before the arrival of the typhoon, we should do a good job of wind protection, and we can fix the trunk of lilac plants with ropes and bamboo to reduce the shaking of lilac plants by the typhoon, thus reducing the harm.

4. Pest control

(1) Brown spot disease occurs in both seedlings and mature trees, which harms branches, leaves and fruits. Prevention and treatment methods: ① Before or at the initial stage of the disease, you can spray1:1:100 times Bordeaux solution; (2) Clean up the countryside, eliminate sick and disabled plants and burn them centrally.

⑵ Soot disease is mainly caused by whiteflies, scale insects, aphids and other pests. Control methods: ① spraying pesticides when the above pests are found; ② After the onset, spray Bordeaux mixture 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 100 times.

(3) Root-knot nematodiasis is caused by a nematode that damages the roots. Prevention and treatment: 3% carbofuran granules can be applied at acupoint or extracted from root zone.

(4) Starscream hurts leaves. Prevention and control method: dilute 500 times with 0.2-0.3 Baume sulfur mixture and 20% triadimefon and spray. The mixture of these two liquids works better. Spray every 5-7 days 1 time, and spray continuously for 2-3 times.

5] Red wax shell harms branches and leaves. Prevention and control methods: Spraying 10 times turpentine mixture in winter, spraying 50% diluted 1000- 1500 times in marathon to kill, spraying 1 time every 7-/5 days for 2-3 times continuously.

[6] Crickets with big heads harm branchlets, leaves and young stems. Prevention and control methods: poison bait trapping and killing. Stir-fry the wheat bran, then mix the wheat bran with 90% crystal and put it around the frame at night. Generally, it blooms in 5-6 years and is rich in 25-30 years. In the introduction area of Hainan Province, China, flower buds began to differentiate from June to July, and flower buds were obviously visible. When the buds change from light green to dark red, or occasionally 65,438+0-2 flowers open, the inflorescences are picked from the base to avoid damaging the branches and leaves, which can improve the output of lilacs and reduce the consumption of nutrients of fragrant trees. If the bud continues to grow, the next March will be the full flowering period, and the fruit will be set in April-June, gradually growing into young fruit, and the immature fruit will be harvested, which is the female clove.

It takes three years from flower bud differentiation to fruit ripening. After harvesting, pick out the impurities of clove buds and dry them in the sun. If the weather is fine, you can usually bask in it for 3-4 days. In order to be fully dry, the buds should not be piled too thick, and they should be turned regularly until they are simple and easy to break, which is the commercial clove. Immature young fruits, dried after harvest, are female lilacs. 1. Lei Gong's canning theory: you can't see fire. Afraid of Yujin.

4. "Bao Puzi": Chicken tongue is fragrant, Huanglian milk is fried, all diseases are cured, and more savvy.

[13] Qi's "Yao Min Shu": The chicken tongue is fragrant, and the layman thinks it is similar, so it is called Ding Ye.

4. Notes on Materia Medica: Chicken tongue is the same kind of fragrance of clove, with many flowers. The largest one in the middle is the chicken tongue, which is reasonably broken, but it is two-way, so it is named chicken tongue, but it is a female clove.

⒌ Materia Medica: Chicken tongue is fragrant. Nowadays, people always get a jujube stone-like solid fruit in frankincense, thinking that the chicken tongue is fragrant, hard and stuffy, and it burns odorless.

[6] Classic of Materia Medica: Anyone with fire syndrome should avoid using it, and it should not be used unless it is deficient in cold. ① Sudden anger and painful treatment: the chicken tongue is fragrant at the end, and the wine is one yuan. (Behind the elbow)

(2) Treatment of vomiting due to stomach cold and syncope: three female cloves (crushed vertebrae) and one old tangerine peel (both soaked in soup and baked). Serve two flavors, with a glass of water, stir-fry half a cup, and serve my hot cup. ("Sheng Ji Zong Lu")

(3) For children with cold malnutrition with yellow face and large abdomen, vomit immediately after eating: seven cloves of mother clove are the end, steamed with milk twice, and served with ginger soup. ("Healthy Simple Prescription")

(4) cure the cold between teeth, causing pain. The tone reveals: chicken tongue is fragrant, one or two shots each, and musk (fine research) is one point. Add the two herbs, mash them into powder, add musk and mix well. Wipe your teeth slightly and rinse your mouth with warm soup for a long time. ("Shengji Zonglu" Chicken Tongue Fragrant Powder) 5 Treatment of Dental Caries: Chicken Tongue Fragrant Boiled Juice contains it. ("Yao Monk Tan Ji Fang")

⑥ Treatment of dystocia in women: 36 female cloves, 6 drops of frankincense and 6 drops of San Qian each. For the end, use live rabbit gall to pestle for a thousand times, and the pills are thirty-six pills. Take one pill at a time and the wine will melt. (Ruyi Dan, Experience of Yizhentang)

⑦ Curing cold: the female clove is the end, sewing the bag like a little finger, the end is solid, and the disease is already in the middle. (materia medica)