What are the health care knowledge of teenagers? 1 1. Exercise habits.
It is good exercise to exercise and do morning exercises every morning. Never be lazy and hide in the classroom to clean up. Ten minutes before class, you must pay attention to the rest of your brain and physical activities. We can go out to the toilet or go out to exercise without going to the toilet to prevent our stomachs from getting bigger, and we can also give our brains and bodies a full rest so that we can better devote ourselves to our studies. During lunch break, climb the table and take a nap. After waking up, you must do eye exercises to relax your eyes and prevent myopia. One hour after dinner, go out for a walk, run, and then come back to do your homework, so that your brain is excited and your learning efficiency is higher.
2. Sleep habits
Don't stay up reading novels or comics. You can read novels and cartoons after finishing your homework in advance, which is also a kind of relaxation for your brain. Don't go to bed too early or too late, and don't disturb the biological clock. Don't listen to crazy music before going to bed, which is easy to make you excited and difficult to fall asleep.
3. Eating habits
Breakfast must be eaten and nutritious.
Teenagers' breakfast should be mainly corn, glutinous rice, millet, barley and other coarse grains and eggs. Such as corn porridge, millet porridge, barley porridge and so on. Plus an egg. The intake of eggs is up to 2 per day.
Be sure to have a full lunch.
Lunch can be rice, noodles, etc , plus meat and vegetables, you can ingest a lot of trace elements and protein needed by the human body to maintain physical fitness.
Lunch is simple and delicious.
Lunch can be some snacks or snacks, because teenagers' metabolism is fast, especially when they are studying, so they should supplement some energy at 4 pm.
Dinner lacks nutrition.
You can eat less dinner, but you must be nutritious. Rice and noodles are fine. It is better to eat meat and vegetables together. On the one hand, it can prevent the body from accumulating fat, on the other hand, it can supplement the needed nutrition for the body.
Drink a glass of milk before going to bed at night.
Drinking a cup of warm milk before going to bed at night can promote sleep and improve sleep quality.
What are the health care knowledge of teenagers? 2 1. Healthy psychological quality.
Teenagers are in the psychological "weaning period", which is characterized by semi-naivety, semi-maturity, and the complexity of independence and dependence. It has great plasticity. They are enthusiastic and enterprising, but ambitious and not lasting, and they will show certain impulses in all aspects. They have a certain ability to observe, analyze and judge things around them, but their mood fluctuates greatly, they lack self-control and look at problems extremely. Sometimes you can't tell right from wrong. Although they still need to be attached to their families, their contact with the outside world and environment is increasing day by day, and their desire for independence is increasing day by day. They don't want their parents to interfere with themselves too much. However, they lack social experience and are easily influenced by the external environment. Teachers often go astray if they are negligent. According to the psychological characteristics of teenagers, it is extremely important to cultivate their healthy psychological quality, which can be started from the following three aspects.
( 1)。 Persuasion education.
Parents and teachers should set a good example for teenagers, at the same time, they should respect their independent development and self-esteem, make friends with them through persuasion, education and active induction, care about their study and life, and try their best to enrich and enrich their spare time. Discuss with them more, respect their correct opinions, gradually give them more independent rights, create a happy and willing environment for them, so as to understand the influence of children's friendship and surrounding environment, explore their psychological activities and emotional changes, and give them targeted education and help. You can ask questions consciously and pertinently for their discussion. Clear the concept of right and wrong through debate, and then put forward higher requirements for them. We should stimulate their interests and hobbies in a positive way. Stimulate their enterprising and hard-working spirit, and cultivate good character and habits. We should educate them to choose their friends carefully and avoid contact with bad people. We should recommend excellent books and periodicals to them and prohibit unhealthy reading materials. We should encourage them to take an active part in collective activities, cultivate the spirit of collectivism, gradually establish a correct outlook on the world and life, make them have lofty ideals and pursuits, concentrate on enriching their knowledge and health, exercise their strong will and perseverance in practical work, and develop morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically in an all-round way. For their mistakes or puppy love, we can't take a rude, repressive and commanding way, but we still have to induce them.
(2)。 Strengthen one's self-cultivation
Although the physical development of teenagers is close to that of adults, their adaptability to the environment and life and their ability to deal with things comprehensively are still very poor. Teenagers should get guidance and help from teachers. In your own environment, strengthen ideological training and self-cultivation, and strive to develop an independent and conscious, strong and steady, straightforward, cheerful, cordial and lively personality. Be calm when things go wrong, be moderate in words and deeds, be civilized and polite, respect the old and love the young, and avoid being arrogant. We should have self-knowledge, treat the employment problem correctly, handle the relationship between individuals and collectives, make clear our different positions on different occasions, be good at changing roles and adopt different ways of doing things, so as to be conducive to social activities, promote the harmony of personnel relations, and benefit people who are physically and mentally healthy.
(3)。 Scientific sex education
The biggest feature throughout adolescence is the beginning and completion of sexual development. As Su Wengu's Theory of Naivety said: "The husband ... twenty-eight kidneys are full of qi, and the essence overflows", "The woman ... twenty-seven is full of qi, and the pulse is too strong, so it is now". Young men and women, kidney qi began to flourish. Tiangui began to have fertility. The biggest psychological change is also reflected in the field of sexual psychology. "Sexual consciousness bud, in a state of stagnation. Because teenagers' emotions are easy to fluctuate and their self-control is poor, if they are influenced by unhealthy social phenomena, some teenagers will often have unhealthy sexual psychology, leading to puppy love and neglecting their studies. Some even violate the criminal law and embark on the road of crime. Therefore, adolescent sex education is particularly important.
(4)。 Sex education in adolescence
Including sex knowledge and sexual morality education. It is necessary to help teenagers correctly understand normal physiological changes, so as to alleviate curiosity, confusion, shyness, anxiety and tension caused by maturity. It is necessary to educate young people not to form the habit of making by hand. If there is, we must establish a strong will and resolutely overcome it. Young women should do a good job in menstrual health care. Attention should be paid to isolating and eliminating environmental factors such as language, books, pictorial and movies that may cause their sexual behavior. Arrange their spare time and guide them to participate in appropriate activities. Encourage them to take an active part in cultural and sports activities and concentrate on their studies. In addition, help them fully understand the code of conduct in gender relations and play the mystery of sex. Correctly distinguish and attach importance to the relationship between friendship, love, marriage and childbirth. Advocate late marriage, avoid puppy love, and publicize knowledge of eugenics, family planning and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (including AIDS).
2. Diet adjustment
Teenagers grow and develop rapidly and have a strong metabolism. Nutrition must be taken in a comprehensive and reasonable way, and special attention should be paid to the supplement of protein and heat energy. Carbohydrate and fat are the main sources of heat energy. Carbohydrates mainly exist in grains. Teenagers should ensure enough appetite, increase the proportion of coarse grains in staple food, and consume appropriate amount of fat. Young women should not over-diet in order to lose weight, resulting in malnutrition. Young men should not rely on physical strength, overeating, hunger and cold. For people with weak constitution, we should make a correct diet and make up for the congenital deficiency the day after tomorrow.
3. Good living habits
Teenagers should not be autobiographical, energetic or overworked. It is necessary to scientifically arrange the schedule of work and rest according to the specific situation, so that "sometimes it is not hard to live." We should not only concentrate on work and study, but also have proper outdoor activities and proper entertainment and rest to ensure adequate sleep. In this way, you can be energetic. Improving study and work efficiency is beneficial to physical and mental health.
It is necessary to develop good hygiene habits and pay attention to oral hygiene. Maintain correct posture when reading and writing, promote normal development and prevent diseases. Special attention should be paid to protecting the voice during the voice change period, and bad habits such as smoking and drinking should also be avoided. Smoking and drinking will not only harm your health, but also affect your mental health. For example, smoking can distract young people's attention, reduce their memory, have poor thinking ability and reduce their learning efficiency.
Teenagers' clothes should be loose, simple and generous. Young women should not tighten their breasts and waist to avoid affecting breast development and kidney function. Young men should not wear tight pants, which will affect the normal physiological function of fruit pills or cause spermatogenesis. In summer and autumn, young men and women wear tight pants, which can easily lead to tinea or eczema, make people itch and affect their health.
Step 4 take part in physical exercise
Insisting on physical exercise is the key factor to promote the growth and development of teenagers and improve their physical fitness. We should pay attention to comprehensive physical exercise. When choosing events, we should give consideration to the development of strength, speed, endurance, agility and other qualities at the same time, and pay attention to the cultivation of endurance quality. Strength exercises include sprinting, endurance exercises include long-distance running and swimming, and sensitive exercises include long jump, high jump, ball games, especially table tennis. Some of the above sports are related to the development of several qualities. For example, swimming can not only exercise endurance, but also exercise speed and strength, which is the most suitable exercise for teenagers.
What are the knowledge of adolescent health care? 3 adolescent health care
Pay due attention to nutrition
Adolescence is a critical period of growth and a healthy shaping stage. Growing teenagers should eat more foods rich in protein, calcium, phosphorus and vitamins, and don't be partial to food.
(2) Women should pay attention to menstrual hygiene.
The phenomenon of uterine bleeding once a month after women enter puberty is called menstruation. Menstrual blood is formed by exfoliated endometrium and blood flowing out (Figure 8-45). It takes about 3-5 days for endometrium to fall off. After that, the endometrial wound slowly healed, and the endometrium became thicker and changed. This cycle forms a menstrual cycle. Therefore, menarche is a signal of female puberty and a sign of the maturity of reproductive organs.
During menstruation, because the excitability of cerebral cortex is reduced, the disease resistance is weakened, and the cervix is slightly stretched, the endometrium is peeled off, and the vaginal acid secretion is diluted by menstrual blood, which is more likely to be infected by germs and cause diseases than usual, so we must pay attention to menstrual hygiene. The specific requirements are as follows:
Pay attention to the cleanliness of vulva, and the menstrual products to prevent infection must be clean; During menstruation, wash the vulva with warm water every day, but don't take a bath.
Pay attention to keep warm and avoid catching cold, because cold stimulation will shrink the blood vessels in the uterus and pelvic cavity, leading to oligomenorrhea or sudden stop.
Maintaining a happy mood, maintaining emotional stability, emotional fluctuation or mental tension will affect the regulatory function of the cerebral cortex and cause menstrual disorders.
Avoid excessive physical labor and strenuous exercise, because excessive physical labor and strenuous exercise lead to excessive pelvic blood flow, which may cause abnormal phenomena such as excessive menstrual blood or long menstrual time.
In addition, we should pay attention to food hygiene and take a proper rest.
(3) Men should prevent or eliminate frequent nocturnal emission.
When men enter adolescence, they sometimes have nocturnal emission in their sleep, which is called nocturnal emission. It is usually a normal physiological phenomenon, so don't be afraid and don't worry. It is normal for boys to happen again every once in a while (one week or several weeks) after the first time. Of course, if the frequency is too much, such as once or several times a day or two, it is harmful to health. The frequency of teenagers is mostly caused by the bad habit of getting their hands dirty. So in order to prevent or eliminate frequent, to do:
Concentrate on your studies. Youth is a period of long body and long knowledge, and learning is the main task.
Avoid the bad habit of touching with hands, which will make the cerebral cortex in a state of high excitement. People who often touch with their hands are prone to neurasthenia, memory loss, dizziness, insomnia and so on. It affects both health and study.
Develop good living habits. Good living habits include: don't wear underwear too narrow, don't cover the quilt too thick; It is best to sleep on the right side, don't lie on your back, don't lie prone; Wake up in the morning, open your eyes and don't sleep late.
Mental health care in adolescence
With the drastic changes in physiology, teenagers have begun to have new psychological experiences, and it is also necessary to strengthen psychological health care in adolescence. For example, know yourself correctly, learn to deal with the relationship between people, and cultivate good personality and psychological quality.
Due to the mature sexual development in adolescence, teenagers gradually realize gender differences and gender relations, and then have a special psychological experience, such as eager to know about sexual knowledge and want to know what their physical and psychological changes are. Some people are shy about the changes in their sexual characteristics (such as girls' breasts getting bigger and boys' vaginas getting longer). ) because of lack of sexual knowledge. Girls are nervous and afraid of menarche and boys' first spermatorrhea, and they dare not tell anyone, so they are under great psychological pressure. All these have prompted teenagers' desire and interest in sexual knowledge. This request is normal and reasonable. With the guidance of healthy sexual knowledge, we can get rid of mystery, eliminate ill feelings, change our ignorance of sex, and make teenagers fully prepared for the physiological and psychological changes of sexual success, which is conducive to mental health.
With the development of physiology and the gradual understanding of sexual knowledge, boys and girls gradually change from being alienated from the opposite sex to showing a kind of psychology of being close to the opposite sex. At this time, the strangeness and fear gradually disappeared, and boys and girls often moved together and did their homework together. Being fond of the opposite sex is also a healthy psychological performance, not equal to first love. In this period, we should consciously learn how to get along with others and correctly understand ourselves, establish good interpersonal relationships, keep ourselves in a sustained and good psychological state, focus on our studies, and don't fall in love prematurely. Pay attention to cultivate their good personality and psychological quality, such as full of confidence in learning, courage to overcome difficulties, care for others, give full play to their abilities, and maintain and improve their mental health.
Adolescence is the best period of life and the golden age of learning. It is full of energy, the strongest understanding, and the easiest to accept new things. You should strive for self-improvement and be a noble person. We should spend our adolescence healthily and happily.
What are the health care knowledge of teenagers? 4 (1) All teenagers after 10 had better have preventive medical treatment once a year. The visit included physical health and mental development assessment, focusing on providing preventive health care services. Besides the traditional physical examination, it also pays attention to the growth and development of teenagers and their social and psychological health.
(2) Answering the questions faced by teenagers and their parents about the characteristics of physical development and sexual development of teenagers.
(3) Find out the eating disorders in adolescence such as abnormal growth, precocious puberty, delayed puberty, short stature, menstrual diseases (dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, irregular menstruation), anorexia nervosa, bulimia, obesity, and provide corresponding diagnosis, treatment and health care guidance.
(4) Adolescent sexual knowledge education, sexual psychology education, consultation and guidance (including contraceptive knowledge education and guidance in the late adolescence).
(5) Prevention and counseling education of sexually transmitted diseases in adolescence.
(6) Adolescent mental health consultation.
Screening, diagnosis and treatment of common adolescent psychological and behavioral problems (neurasthenia, depression, anxiety, decreased academic performance, learning difficulties, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), suicidal tendency, etc.). According to the experience of adolescent medicine development in developed countries in recent 40 years, scientific practice has proved that providing preventive health care services to adolescents on a regular basis can promote health and benefit their physical and mental development.
2. Steps of adolescent health care service 1. Provide health guidance to adolescent parents: provide health guidance to adolescent parents at the early, middle and late stages of adolescence (10- 13 years old, 14- 17 years old, 18 years old);
1) Adolescents' growth and development (including physique, sexual physiology and emotion), diet and sports activities, healthy lifestyle and injury prevention;
2) Symptoms and signs of illness and emotional depression;
3) The influence of parents' behavior on adolescents' adaptation to healthy behavior;
4) How to help children avoid potentially harmful behaviors.
Second, the medical history screening:
1) Understand the eating habits and the ideal weight of teenagers, and whether there are eating disorders;
2) Sexual knowledge, attitude and behavior; Alcohol and drug abuse, smoking and abuse;
3) Ask about school and on-the-job performance, study and work, and eliminate learning disabilities, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and other diseases;
4) Understand the relationship with peers and the emotional relationship with family members;
5) Find out whether family members are depressed or suicidal.
Third, physical examination:
1) Measure blood pressure, height and weight, and calculate body mass index;
2) General physical examination (including reproductive development and secondary sexual characteristics). Adolescence should receive at least three comprehensive physical examinations: the first in early adolescence, the second in middle adolescence and the third in late adolescence.
If there are special clinical symptoms or signs, it is necessary to increase the number of examinations and visits of relevant systems.
Fourth, if necessary, it is recommended to do the following tests:
1) routine examination of blood, urine and leucorrhea;
2) Determination of serum total cholesterol:
(1) Family history of early cardiovascular disease or hyperlipidemia;
(2) One parent's serum cholesterol is abnormal, and people aged 18 need to be tested at least once;
(3) Adolescent serum cholesterol exceeds the reference value and needs to be tested again; If the test result is normal, it needs to be tested and evaluated again within 5 years;
(4) If the average value of the two tests is more than or equal to 5.7mmol/L, or the preliminary result is above 5.7 mmol/L, it is necessary to further check the blood lipid protein;
(1) If the parents, grandparents or grandparents of teenagers have cardiovascular diseases, peripheral vascular diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, or have a family history of sudden heart attack and death at the age of ≤55, fasting lipoprotein should be tested;
(2) If the two results of low density lipoprotein are higher than the normal value (≥ 1.30 mg/dl), further medical evaluation and treatment are needed;
3) Determination of serum lipoprotein:
4) If there is contact history of active pulmonary tuberculosis patients, tuberculin test (PPD) is required;
5) If the puberty menstruation is abnormal and the secondary sexual characteristics are abnormal, hormone determination is needed;
6) If you have sex, women should regularly check vaginal secretions, pay attention to eliminating sexually transmitted diseases, and check TCT if necessary; Men should also do corresponding examinations to eliminate sexually transmitted diseases;
7) If you are a high-risk group infected with AIDS, you should do HIV antibody testing.
V. It is suggested to complete the following immunization programs: It is ideal to complete all the following vaccinations during the age of112.
1)1112-year-olds should complete the second MMR (measles, rubella and mumps) vaccination, unless they have been vaccinated twice before;
2) If teenagers aged 1 1- 12 have not been injected with Td (tetanus) antitoxin in the past five years, they need to be injected again;
3)/After Kloc-0/0 years old, as long as there is a risk of hepatitis B virus infection, it is necessary to get two and a half hepatitis B shots first, and then get hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) if necessary;
4) If there is a high risk of hepatitis A virus infection at all ages, liver function should be tested first, and then hepatitis A vaccination should be carried out;
5) If there is no reliable history of measles, all ages can consider taking measles vaccine.
Sixth, when necessary, B-ultrasound assisted examination. 3. What problems should be paid attention to in adolescent health clinic work? Adolescent health clinics belong to the category of preventive health care services:
First, we should consider the adaptability of outpatient service to patients' age, growth and development, as well as the differences between individuals and social and cultural backgrounds.
Second, the establishment of adolescent health care outpatient system, strictly require medical staff to abide by the principle of adolescent health care privacy; Staff should warmly receive teenagers and their parents and encourage them to actively participate.
Third, receiving health care guidance once a year in adolescence can help teenagers cope with growing troubles, develop physically and mentally, maintain a healthy lifestyle, improve diet and fatigue, and prevent injuries.
4. The purpose of adolescents receiving medical care according to procedures.
First, we can find the cognitive defects that affect health in time, guide teenagers to form correct cognition, understand their own physical growth and development, social psychological development and sexual psychological development, and form healthy beliefs and lifestyles.
Second, we can find physical, emotional and behavioral problems through various inspections, and intervene in time to prevent health hazards.