Boxing has a long history and originated from the beginning of mankind. In order to survive and compete, human beings invented it. At first, it was a means to protect people's lives and property. Records show that it has a history of more than 5000 years. The Encyclopedia Britannica records that "the remains of boxing were found in the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the 40th century BC". The ancient Egyptians recorded the boxing protective gear "leather bandage" in hieroglyphics. Later, about17th century BC, boxing spread to ancient Greece through Crick Island in the Mediterranean. On a pair of magnetic bottles excavated on the Aegean coast in the 5th century BC, there are fist patterns of two people attacking and defending each other. In Greek mythology, it is said that Saihi Assi, the prince of Athens (BC 1000), was familiar with boxing and played it. In ancient Greece, this sport was called wrestling boxing. It is said that boxing gloves contain iron thistles, and fierce fights often end in the death of losers. In the archaeological excavations in Mesopotamia, the remains of boxing activities 1700 years ago were also found. Modern boxing originated in England in the18th century. At that time, there were no gloves, no rules and no time limit until Party B lost the ability to continue the competition. J- broughton, a famous British boxer, formulated the earliest boxing rules in 1743 and designed boxing gloves in 1747, which contributed to the development of modern boxing. 1839, Britain promulgated the new rules of the London Boxing Championship, which were revised in 1853, prohibiting kicking, hitting the head and hitting with the teeth, and stipulating that the boxing ring should be surrounded by ropes. 1867, British journalist Chambers wrote new boxing rules, emphasizing the tactics and skills in boxing. The British Amateur Boxing Association was founded in London in 1880, and the championship was held in 1 881year. The International Amateur Boxing Federation was founded on the eve of the 8th Olympic Games in 1924. There are two kinds of boxing at the same time in the world today, namely professional boxing and amateur boxing. Boxing competitions in the Olympic Games and the Asian Games belong to amateur boxing. There are great differences between the two kinds of boxing in the rules and methods of competition. At the third Olympic Games held in St Louis, boxing was listed as an official event for the first time. There are only 44 athletes from/kloc-0 countries in the United States, so the United States naturally won all the championships in seven levels. By 18 Olympic Games held in Tokyo, Japan in 1964, there were 269 athletes from 56 countries. Modern boxing in China began in the late 1920s and was originally called "Western Boxing". First, someone translated a copy of Western Boxing. In 1930s, boxing was listed as one of the main courses in the Central Wushu Museum of Nanjing National Government and the National Wushu Institute in old China. Boxing is probably the most emotional form of fighting for ordinary people. It originated from the fighting in Britain. As the first country in the world to enter the capitalist civilized society, Britain hopes to embody the fighting spirit in a relatively civilized way. As the most aggressive method, kicking is naturally prohibited. Wrestling and anti-joint techniques have also been cancelled one after another, leaving only the most basic and least lethal boxing. Ironically, boxing is regarded as the most "civilized" fighting form, so it is the most popular and successfully entered the Olympic Games, with the highest level of relative development. Today, even the safest form of combat can cause serious harm to participants. Many professional boxing champions have great power, and only in this way can they gain a foothold in the top professional boxing world. All the famous boxers attach great importance to strength training without exception. The most important thing in heavy boxing is waist and leg strength, so squat is an important training program for professional boxers, including heavy pulling and weight-bearing sit-ups. Wrestling is recognized as the earliest competitive sport in the world. Wrestling is recorded in Greek, Egyptian, China, Japanese and other ancient civilizations. When the ancient Olympic Games was born in 776 BC, wrestling was one of the events, and it has always been the event of all previous Olympic Games.
Wrestling events occupy an important proportion in the Olympic Games, which are divided into classical wrestling and freestyle wrestling, also known as international wrestling.
19 12 FILA was formally established when the fifth modern Olympic games was held in Stockholm, Sweden. According to the regulations of the association, Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling are listed as international competitions. The establishment of the International Wrestling Federation has greatly promoted the spread of classical wrestling and freestyle wrestling in the world, making wrestling flourish in five continents. Up to now, the International Wrestling Federation has 153 member associations. Distribution: Asia 33, Europe 45, Africa 34, America 28, Oceania 13. The International Wrestling Federation manages and is responsible for all events of Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestling.
taekwondo
TAEKWONDO (Korean: English: Taek Won Do) is a popular martial art on the Korean peninsula and a traditional national sport that uses hand and foot techniques to fight. TAE (Tae) means kicking and bumping; Right, with his fist; Tao is an artistic method. Taekwondo is an artistic method of using fists and feet. It is a kung fu with footwork as the mainstay, and footwork accounts for 70%. There are 24 sets of taekwondo routines; In addition, there are weapons, capture, lock and fall, self-defense and anti-disassembly, and so on 10. Taekwondo is a Korean martial art developed from East Asian culture. It takes the oriental mind as the soil, inherits a long-standing tradition and is based on the martial spirit of "starting with ceremony and ending with ceremony". Therefore, Taekwondo can be effectively integrated into Thai boxing and shuttlecock kicking, and can improve the skills of practitioners. Its routine movements can be fully or partially integrated into the movements of ancient Thai boxing or modern Thai boxing, thus improving the technical level of Thai boxing practitioners.
Taekwondo is a martial art that fights with both hands and feet. However, in some competitive competitions, such as the Olympic Games, some techniques, especially hand skills, are restricted for reasons such as protecting athletes and enhancing the appreciation of the competition. The specific requirement is that the hand attack can only be attacked with a straight fist, and can only attack the position where the trunk part is protected by the protective gear. It consists of five parts: quality, actual combat, breaking, stunt and taekwondo dance. Taekwondo is a unique martial art through innovation and development, which has high practical value of self-defense and physical fitness. The origin of Taekwondo is a popular martial art in North Korea/South Korea, which is a combination of Taekwondo heel and Songtaoge karate. It is a traditional national sport of fighting with hands and feet. Taekwondo originated from Taekwondo in the Three Kingdoms Period on the Korean Peninsula. Its roots can even be traced back to ancient unarmed combat. Another view is that Taekwondo has no history, and its connotation, style and name began in the 1950s. The word "Taekwondo" was coined by Cui Hongxi in 1955. Among them, "Taekwondo" refers to kicking (footwork), "fist" refers to boxing, and "Tao" is the practice of etiquette representing Tao. When studying in Japan, Cui Hongxi studied karate in Songtaoge, Japan, and integrated it into Taekwondo. So in Taekwondo, you can see some manual movements of Songtao Pavilion.
Through competitions, quality and skill tests, practitioners can enhance their physique, master skills and cultivate perseverance. It is divided into World Taekwondo Federation (WTF), International Taekwondo Federation (ITF) and World Professional Taekwondo Federation (WPTF). Taekwondo is the third fighting event to enter the Olympic Games. The first two fighting events that entered the Olympic Games avoided the most lethal technology, but without this most important technology, the fighting world would undoubtedly be extremely incomplete. How to embody the leg method and ensure the safety of the contestants? Fancy Taekwondo absorbs the idea of fencing and solves this problem by point-to-point method. This makes the number of taekwondo practitioners explode, but it has also been criticized by the most people in the fighting world. For them, fancy Taekwondo is a typical "tokenistic gesture". It is simply "desecration of fighting spirit" to turn such a heavy weapon as leg technique into a performance with pure performance skills. Because it is a point-to-point principle, fancy taekwondo does not pay much attention to strength training.
Nowadays, with the rapid development of Taekwondo, Taekwondo players can be seen in many fighting events. Muay Thai, that is, Muay Thai, has great lethality and a long history. Thai boxing is divided into ancient Thai boxing and modern Thai boxing. Muay Thai was born out of Siam martial arts. Known as "invincible for 500 years", Muay Thai is still the most lethal mass fighting skill. Muay Thai is known as the "Eight-legged Movement". In ancient Muay Thai, its boxing method is not outstanding, but it has fierce knee method, elbow method and extremely powerful leg method: sweeping legs, the symbolic technology of Muay Thai, which once made many boxers buried under iron legs, and countless broken arms and legs. On the basis of the vigorous and powerful technology of ancient Thai boxing, modern Thai boxing perfectly combines western boxing (boxing) technology, making modern Thai boxing technology more perfect and even more powerful. There are many fierce fighters in modern Muay Thai. The fatal weakness of Muay Thai is the boxer's ignorance of wrestling and anti-joint techniques. Muay Thai's strength training idea is unique, which emphasizes endurance training and requires comprehensive strength for each blow, but pays little attention to training weight. Of course, this idea is not correct and can only be regarded as an interesting direction. In the free fight world where Muay Thai technology is dominant, boxers use orthodox strength training methods to gain stronger leg skills.
Muay Thai (Thai:? ; Latin transliteration: Muay Thai) What is Muay Thai? More and more documents about Muay Thai appear in martial arts publications or travel notes in Thailand. Most of these articles try to introduce and comment on the techniques or characteristics of Muay Thai, but unfortunately they can only outline the outline of Muay Thai. Some so-called experts only care about its appearance and are not familiar with its subtlety, while others vigorously describe its primitive, rough or gloomy side.
Muay Thai is Thailand's national sport, which is very lethal. In recent years, due to the weight loss craze, some people use the high calorie consumption of Muay Thai instead of butoh with oxygen, which not only helps women lose weight, but also enables them to acquire a skill for personal defense purposes.
Some people say that Muay Thai is Thailand's national martial arts boxing, and there is no mystery, but modern Muay Thai has become a sport that originated in Thailand and belongs to the world. Most of the players in the famous K- 1 and KOMA fighting competitions are from Muay Thai. Any world-famous martial arts must have its unique nature and individual value. Muay Thai is world-famous and has a glorious history. Its preciousness can never be said in a few words. People who practice Muay Thai are generally from poor families. The earliest record of Thai people practicing boxing and martial arts can be found in the Chronicle of the North, which is an early book describing Thai people from Sukhothai Dynasty to Dacheng Dynasty after they entered Indochina Peninsula. According to reports, fist fight activities were already in the army at that time, as a pastime for the princes during the truce. Although boxing did not become a professional competition, the princes trained warriors to fight in order to please the king. With the return of wage boxers and retired soldiers, boxing was gradually introduced to people. According to historical records, the laws promulgated in the early Dacheng Dynasty have already exempted those who killed or injured their opponents in fist fight from punishment. During the heyday of Dacheng Dynasty (A.D. 1350), the wind of fist fight became increasingly popular all over the country. Thai people gradually realize that new technology can protect their country and defend their country, so the wind of practicing martial arts is very strong. Not only adults are good at martial arts, but also Thai children can punch, kick and practice boxing. Boxing has developed into a popular recreational activity. With the introduction of western culture, Thailand's traditional culture has also been affected. Western Boxing was introduced to Thailand in 19 12, and its competition forms and techniques were gradually adopted and applied by Muay Thai. Especially in the early period of the ring (1928), after the kick of "King of Thai Northern Legs" by Peng, for the sake of safety, he began to use "wearing a condom" in the Thai boxing competition, gradually replacing the traditional "wrapped hemp" boxing competition, and the number of rounds was gradually reduced to five. On April 1937 and 1 day, the Ministry of Education and Sports of the Thai government promulgated the rules of the Muay Thai competition for the first time. At this point, the system and form of the national challenge have finally been improved and unified.
After the outbreak of World War II, Thailand was affected by the war, and the Muay Thai competition was once in a downturn. In recent years, boxing competitions have only been held occasionally in Buddhist temples in mainland China. After World War II, the famous "Ranlong Boxing Field" was built, and Muay Thai entered the modern standard competition. Boxers from all over the world have come to Beijing to show their talents for fame and fortune, making the once deserted boxing world more active than ever. From 1946 to 195 1 year, it is known as the "Lainan Dragon Boxing Field" period, which can be called the golden age of modern Muay Thai development. Later, the "Longpini Boxing Ground" was built in 1956, which further promoted the development of Muay Thai and opened up a new situation of Muay Thai. Sanda, also known as Sanshou, was born in 1979. In the early 1980s, China State Sports Commission began to carry out Sanda in Beijing Institute of Physical Education and Wuhan Institute of Physical Education. Now Sanda has a certain position in international fighting events.
Sanda is a popular form of China Wushu. For the sake of safety, most traditional Wushu training methods do not use Sanshou to enhance skills. At present, there are three methods of Sanshou: kicking, hitting and falling. Sanshou Leg Method has been criticized the most, because the guiding ideology pays attention to safety first, and the power of Leg Method is limited the most. This permeates all aspects of Sanshou competition rules, tactical thinking and training. Although it has never been explicitly forbidden to slam with legs, it is undeniable that Sanshou legs are very different from traditional martial arts in lethality. Wrestling is the killer of Sanshou. In the popular boxing world, Sanshou wrestling makes many fighters of different schools feel uncomfortable. Sanshou still doesn't pay much attention to strength training, and the method of strength training is not very scientific, so Sanshou lacks heavyweight players. The wrestling method in Sanda has certain characteristics. According to the requirements of "quick fall" and the characteristics of "no handle", we should grasp the key points of "destroying the center of gravity" and "turning around" and create the methods of "receiving shots" and "attacking" to make the wrestling method of Sanda fast, labor-saving and practical.
The modern Sanda competition began in the late 1970s, while the China Wushu Sanda King Championship in 2000 appeared in a brand-new form. Compared with the traditional tournaments and invitational tournaments, the Wushu Sanda King Tournament gives people a more exciting and beautiful feeling, and it also has some basic rules of its competition.
The scoring system of Sanda King Championship is five-match total score system. In each game, the referee will record the score, and the referee will give the score to the scorer. At the end of all five games, the scorer will count the record scores of each referee. At the end of the game, the athlete judged as the winner by most of the judges should be declared the winner. It should be noted that each referee is an independent referee, and the winner cannot be judged by the sum of the total scores of the three judges. In Sanda competition, as long as athletes reasonably use the offensive and defensive tactics of various martial arts schools, including boxing, leg, wrestling and knee, they may score points, but if they use foul actions in the competition, they will be severely punished.
China traditional Wushu has a long history, many sects and rich techniques. In terms of offensive and defensive techniques, traditional Wushu pays attention to "the hand is the second door, and people hit with their legs." In terms of strength technology, traditional Wushu emphasizes "rooted in feet, originated from legs, waist-oriented, and shape-oriented", and points out that "leg training is the foundation". Traditional Wushu has a clear understanding of the role of strength. Since ancient times, there has been a "thousand-pound brake" training method. Boxers can do squats, leg lifts, recommendation and other training, plus stone shoulders and locks, forming a complete strength training system. Ancient martial arts masters believe that strength and technology are equally important to martial arts and cannot be neglected. Wushu pays special attention to skill training, so the training period is much longer than that of modern fighting. In addition, some tricks such as pseudo-qigong are confusing, and today's Wulin presents a particularly chaotic situation. People of insight have already shouted loudly that martial arts may be swallowed up by rivers and lakes if they are not completely carved out of their roots. Kickboxing, whose English name is Kickboxing and whose katakana is キックボクシング, has many Chinese characters in Japan, such as "Kickboxing", "Kickboxing" and "kickboxing road". There are American and Japanese.
Note: When Taekwondo was introduced to China, it was translated as "free fighting" by Hong Kong people. The word free fighting comes from the original translation of Kickboxing, which originally meant free fighting. Sumo is the national sport of Japan. In Japan, sumo is an elegant career. Besides honesty, courage and modesty, athletes should also have the qualities of innocence, enthusiasm and broad-mindedness.
Sumo wrestlers uses various sumo techniques in the "Tubiao" competition, and sumo is not graded according to weight.
Now sumo is also loved by many women. Yokozuna is the highest-ranking title in sumo. MMA is the abbreviation of "comprehensive martial arts" in English, and the full name of MMA in Chinese is comprehensive martial arts.
Speaking of the most violent fighting event, it is unrestricted fighting. The early unrestricted fighting was really a veritable fighting competition. Players go into battle empty-handed, without armbands and gloves. Moreover, the rules are extremely open, and there are no restrictions on unethical play such as hitting the head, hitting the crotch and pulling the hair. Players can give full play to various skills such as kicking, hitting, throwing and hugging. Today's MMA is not cruel. It ensures the safety of the competition from the aspects of competition system, rules and supervision, so there are few casualties of the players. Unlimited fighting can use kicking, hitting, wrestling, anti-joint and other techniques, which is more comprehensive than traditional karate and Thai boxing, and is conducive to the formation of players' comprehensive skills.
MMA is an excellent sport with ornamental, entertaining and competitive features, and now it has become the main event of international martial arts fighting competition. MMA is a perfect combination of boxing, taekwondo, judo and wrestling, which can be said to be a fighting decathlon. MMA competition is a breakthrough in the rules of sports competition. MMA rules treat all martial arts equally, and practitioners of different fighting techniques can compete in the same field under the unified rules. MMA rules and regulations allow all experts to compete in an open and fair environment, which is a truly fair way of competition. Various techniques such as hitting, wrestling and joint skills are allowed in the competition, and the competition will continue after the players fall to the ground. Martial arts skills such as kicking, hitting, throwing and hugging can be perfectly displayed.
Modern MMA is a wonderful fighting competition, which combines taekwondo, judo, wrestling, kung fu and other fighting techniques. MMA has unified competition rules, and the formulation of the rules is impartial, which will neither favor a certain martial arts nor put a certain martial arts at a disadvantage. Participants can use boxing, kicking, wrestling, locking, twisting and other techniques. The competition can be held in the same boxing ring as the boxing ring, or in an octagonal field with guardrails. The way to win a game is similar to boxing, that is, KO wins, the superior wins, the doctor terminates the game, the opponent abstained, scored, or disqualified. But unlike boxing or kicking, players can also win the game by making their opponents admit defeat. When a player wants to stop the game because of being entangled, punching too hard or exhaustion, he can give up on his own initiative. The whole game was smooth and clear. When the players fall to the ground, the game continues, and the referee rarely calls a time-out. The division of competition heavyweights is basically the same as boxing, wrestling, judo and Sanda. The comprehensive Wushu competition can be traced back to the 33rd Olympic Games in ancient Greece in 648 BC, which was called Pankration at that time. The perfect participant should be the best wrestler among boxers, or the best boxer among wrestlers. Participants not only need superb and comprehensive martial arts, but also good courage, psychological quality and tactical arrangement are the key factors to win the competition. The ancient fighting competitions were all irregular, and the fight was life and death. For example, the Colosseum in Rome used to be used for competitions. In the competition, players can use any moves, such as boxing, ancient Greek fighting, wrestling and other fighting techniques.
In recent years, the kick and fall all-around comprehensive fighting competition has undoubtedly become the mainstream of world competitions. The professional discussion on cross-training and MMA (English abbreviation of mixed martial arts) has undoubtedly firmly occupied the right to speak in the international martial arts community, and there are traces to follow. International martial arts authorities attributed the pioneering ideological guidance and practical enlightenment of today's world mixed fighting to Bruce Lee, because as early as the 1960s, when people in the traditional martial arts circles were still using gloves and inch-stop competitions as the main body of training and competition, and were still talking about the almost mysterious stunt of "killing with one blow", Bruce Lee had greatly improved the training tools and methods during the period of defending the country. The cross-training across schools and fields, as well as the comprehensive martial arts practice called "JKDMMA" by the author, are regarded by some martial arts critics at home and abroad as the beginning of the globalization of modern mixed martial arts.
The concept of unrestricted fighting advocated by Bruce Lee more than 30 years ago, and the epoch-making significance of modern unrestricted fighting with Sammo Hung through the opening of enter the dragon, finally directly inspired the organizers of the first World Ultimate Fighting Competition (UFC) in 1993: Let fighters from different sects compete under the quasi-unrestricted rules closest to the actual situation, who is better? In other words, kicking, elbow and knee, wrestling, joint skills, strangulation and other techniques of any genre are allowed in the competition. Even after the player falls to the ground, he can continue to attack until one party completely obeys, so as to be as close as possible to the infinite actual combat in reality. As a result, Brazilian Jiu Jitsu won many championships in Royce Gracie, which broke the concept that traditional Wushu has the strongest skills for the first time, and cross-genre unrestricted fighting competitions began to be popular all over the world. At first, in this kind of competition, the factions of the players are completely different, while jujitsu and wrestlers have unlimited scenery and dominate the world. However, with the deepening of the practice of extreme fighting competition, the new "conservative" martial arts concept, which once made people think that the world's strongest jujitsu, has been ruthlessly broken again-because those multi-functional mixed fighters with vague sects and proficient in various standing positions and ground skills began to dominate with great advantages.
The development of history just confirms Bruce Lee's insight beyond the times: only by abolishing the artificial boundaries of sects and races can Wushu truly show infinite freshness, liveliness and vitality, and "only comprehensive Wushu can cope with any situation"-no one is better than anyone, whether it is kickboxing or jujitsu, and only by comprehensive combination and three-dimensional application can it truly stand on the stage of contemporary comprehensive fighting. At present, in Japan, the United States, Brazil, Russia and other countries, this kind of mixed martial arts projects emerge in endlessly and develop rapidly. Although the name is different, it is collectively called MMA competition. In today's most popular MMA competition, it is no coincidence that the mainstream dress and protective gear of the players are the copies of Bruce Lee and Sammo Hung in unrestricted fighting at the beginning of enter the dragon!
For Bruce Lee's great pioneering contribution to MMA, the authoritative Japanese martial arts magazine < < Full Contact Karate > > clearly pointed out that the great China martial artist Bruce Lee was the originator of mixed martial arts. In 2007, at Spike TV's "Bruce Lee Day" commemoration, Dana White, chairman of UFC organization in the United States, publicly evaluated Bruce Lee as "the father of comprehensive military art"
Before the rise of MMA, the world boxing was dominated by standing free fighting. Today, the formation of the all-contact free fighting arena system in the world martial arts can be traced back to Joe Lewis, who was known as the "ancestor of kickboxing" in the United States in the early 1970s, and Joe Lewis was one of the three boxing champions in Bruce Lee. His concept of full contact free fighting professional competition directly comes from his mentor Bruce Lee.
The Gracie Family introduced MMA competition to the United States, namely ultimate fighting championship (UFC), in 1993. UFC allows any genre of martial arts (such as karate, judo, sumo, free fighting, etc. ) and Olympic events (such as boxing, judo, wrestling, taekwondo) to participate in the competition, and under the unified rules to decide which kind of kung fu is the best. UFC let the American audience see the contest of different fighting techniques in the same venue for the first time. Up to now, UFC has become the most influential MMA competition in the world and is recognized as one of the most entertaining and competitive sports events in the world. The success of UFC has been strongly supported by the international martial arts community. Now, Olympic champions, world champions and martial arts masters from all sides will go to UFC. The success of UFC has promoted the development of MMA in the world, and MMA has become a global popular sport. At this point, MMA competition has become an official legal competition in all 50 States in the United States. In addition to the UFC competition once a month; There are nearly 100 different organizations in the United States that hold their own MMA competitions.
MMA campaign has been launched in Russia, Britain, France, Germany, Spain, Finland, Norway, Netherlands, Denmark and other European countries. In Asia, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, South Korea, Taiwan Province Province, Thailand, the Philippines and other regions have also started to hold their own MMA competitions. It is particularly worth mentioning that Japan has now become another MMA developed country after the United States. PRIDE is the largest MMA organization in Japan, and ranks with UFC as the world leader in MMA competition. PRIDE usually holds a competition in Japan once a month, and the audience alone reaches tens of thousands or more. Even Japan's K- 1 organization, which has always been famous for boxing competitions, has now begun to transform half of its competitions into MMA competitions.