Disease control method
Firstly, virus-free seedlings are adopted and the seedlings are disinfected; Secondly, chemical control is carried out according to different diseases.
Control and prevention of physiological diseases: Many physiological diseases, such as element deficiency, sunburn, senility, weakness, wilting, etc., are caused by factors such as lack of soil, physiological deficiency and harsh environment (too dry, too wet, sunburn, high temperature and low temperature).
Control methods: select resistant varieties or insensitive varieties; Select robust varieties with great growth potential; Water properly to keep the ground and plants dry; Maintain an appropriate density; It can reduce the rotation of planting plots.
For non-communicable diseases, sulfur and copper preparations are used for prevention and control. For bacterial diseases, such as soft rot, water properly while keeping the ground and plants dry. Fungal diseases, such as downy mildew, rust and other soil-borne diseases, can be prevented by taking measures such as plastic film mulching and drip irrigation to keep the environment dry.
Prevent viral diseases by controlling aphids. I. Nutritional components:
Sweet potato tuber contains 60%-80% water, 10%-30% starch, about 5% sugar and a small amount of protein, oil, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and ash. If 2.5Kg fresh sweet potato is converted into 0.5Kg grain, its nutritional components are higher than rice and flour except fat. In addition, sweet potato is rich in vitamins (carotene, vitamins A, B, C and E), and its starch is easily absorbed by the human body.
1. carotene
Vitamin A is known as "eye protection", which is transformed from carotene. Sweet potato is rich in carotene, which can provide rich vitamin A. The content of vitamin A can be as high as 40mg/ 100g of fresh sweet potato. Carotene can be converted into vitamin A after being absorbed by human body. Vitamin A can maintain normal visual function.
2. Edible fiber
The fiber content of sweet potato is 10 times that of rice flour. It has fine texture, does not harm the stomach, can accelerate the peristalsis of digestive tract, help defecation, clean the digestive tract, shorten the residence time of toxic substances in food in the intestine, reduce self-poisoning caused by constipation, reduce the concentration of carcinogens in the intestine, and prevent hemorrhoids and colorectal cancer. At the same time, cellulose can absorb some glucose, reduce the sugar content in blood, and help prevent diabetes.
3. Combination of sugar and protein
Sweet potato is rich in mucin, which is a mixture of polysaccharide and protein. It has a special protective effect on human body, and can keep the lubrication of digestive tract, respiratory tract, joint cavity and membrane cavity and the elasticity of blood vessels. Because this substance can prevent arteriosclerosis caused by the deposition of substances on the arterial wall, it can prevent the atrophy of connective tissue of organs such as liver and kidney, slow down the aging of human organs and improve the immunity of the body. Sweet potato also contains glycoprotein, which has good anti-mutation, hypolipidemic and immune enhancement effects.
4. Potassium
Sweet potato has high potassium content, which can alleviate the disadvantages caused by excessive salt intake. Potassium is also an important factor to protect the heart. Because potassium is an alkaline element, the pH value of sweet potato is 10. 1, which is a physiological alkaline food and has the function of neutralizing body fluids. Proper consumption of sweet potato is conducive to maintaining the acid-base balance of blood and to people's health, development and intellectual development.
5. Anticancer substances
There is a physiologically active substance called "deoxyepiandrosterone" in sweet potato, which can prevent colon cancer and breast cancer and greatly promote the activity of brain cells and endocrine glands, so it can delay mental decline and increase human resistance. It contains more carotene, lysine, plant fiber and dehydroepiandrosterone, which can prevent intestinal cancer and breast cancer.
Second, diet:
Tuberous roots can be used for sugar, wine and alcohol, starch and pectin. The prepared starch can be used to make vermicelli and vermicelli and delicious dishes. Sweet potato is rich in essential nutrients such as starch, vitamins and cellulose, as well as mineral elements such as magnesium, phosphorus and calcium and linoleic acid. These substances can maintain the elasticity of blood vessels and are very effective in preventing and treating habitual constipation in the elderly. Unfortunately, most people think that eating sweet potatoes will make people fat and dare not eat them. In fact, on the contrary, sweet potato is an ideal diet food, its calorie is only 1/3 of that of rice, and because it is rich in cellulose and pectin, it has the special function of preventing sugar from transforming into fat [8].
Sweet potato is not only a healthy food, but also a good medicine for treating diseases. According to Compendium of Materia Medica, sweet potato has the effects of "tonifying deficiency and benefiting qi, strengthening spleen and stomach, and strengthening kidney yin". "Sweet potatoes are steamed, cut into sections, dried, and harvested as food, which is called potato food, which makes people live longer and less sick." Compendium of Materia Medica says that sweet potato can tonify the middle energizer, enrich the blood, warm the stomach and nourish the five internal organs. The Manual of Sweet Potato says that it has six medicinal values: treating dysentery and diarrhea; Treat wine accumulation and heat diarrhea; Treating damp-heat jaundice; Treating nocturnal emission with white turbidity; Treating blood deficiency and menstrual disorder; Treat infantile malnutrition. "Lu Chuan Materia Medica says that sweet potatoes can produce fluid to quench thirst and cure fever and thirst.
Sweet potato contains a lot of cellulose and pectin that are not easily destroyed by digestive enzymes, which can stimulate the secretion of digestive juice and gastrointestinal peristalsis, thus playing a laxative role. In addition, its rich β -carotene is an effective antioxidant, which helps to eliminate free radicals in the body. In fact, sweet potato is an ideal diet food.
Dietotherapy method:
1, fried sweet potato:
Ingredients: 250 grams of sweet potato. Method and usage: add oil, stir-fry with salt, eat once,/kloc-0 twice a day. Efficacy: Treating constipation.
2, brown sugar sweet potato leaves:
Raw materials: raw sweet potato leaves. Method and usage: Mash sweet potato leaves, adjust brown sugar, and stick them on abdomen and navel. Efficacy: It can cure constipation.
3, water fried sweet potato vine:
Raw materials: appropriate amount of dried sweet potato vine. Method and usage: decoct with water. Efficacy: It can cure thirst.
4. Stir-fry sweet potato vines:
Raw materials: fresh sweet potato vine
Production: first go to the pedicle to regenerate and fry.
Efficacy: lower blood pressure.
Sweet potato recipe:
1, sweet potato slices
Material: sweet potato
Practice: Peel the sweet potato, wash it, steam it, mash it, add auxiliary materials, stir it again, smooth it, dry it, cut it into diamond pieces, and fry it in an oil pan.
Features: fragrant, crisp, crisp and waxy. Without any additives, it is made by hand, which not only keeps the nutrients of sweet potato from losing, but also greatly prolongs the shelf life of sweet potato. This is a very good snack food.
2, sweet potato snacks
Ingredients: 1 sweet potato, 3 tremella, and appropriate amount of honey.
Practice: Peel the sweet potato and cut into pieces. Soak and chop the tremella, add water and cook together, add honey to taste and eat as a snack. Suggestion: Take it twice a day between meals. Taste: sweet, crisp and delicious.
3. Sweet potato cake
Take sweet potato powder1000g, flour 300g, sugar 300g, soda 8g and warm water, mix them evenly, put them in a steamer, and steam them with high fire after fermentation. When it is dried from the fire to warm, rub sesame oil on its surface, sprinkle with green shredded pork and sesame seeds, and cut into pieces to eat. If you add some food pigments, red dates, etc. When it comes to ingredients, it will become colored cakes, or red jujube cakes, which are beautiful in color, soft and delicious.
4, sweet potato scallion cake
Wash and steam the sweet potato, peel it, mash it into paste, and add the same amount of flour and the right amount of warm water, onion, pepper noodles, salt, etc. And mix well into a palm-sized round cake, put it in a pot and cook it in oil. This cake is golden in color, fragrant in onion and sweet in taste.
5. Sweet potato cookies
Use fermented sweet potato dough, sprinkle a little oil, make it into a cake, brush it with caramel water, dip it in sesame seeds, and bake it in an oven or wok.
6. Sweet potato diced soup
Wash the sweet potato, remove the rough skin and cut it into small dices. Pour the vegetable oil into the pot and stir it a little. Add dice and stir fry, then add boiled sweet potatoes. Add salt, monosodium glutamate and a little lard before cooking, sprinkle with chopped green onion and drizzle with sesame oil.
7.sweet potato soup
Ingredients: sweet potato 100g, cauliflower 50g, boiled water 1.5 bowl, white powder 1 spoon.
Exercise:
Wash the sweet potato, peel it, cut it into pieces, and steam it in an electric cooker. Take it out and mash it in a blender. Wash cauliflower and cut it into small flowers for later use.
Boil the water, add cauliflower and cook for 2 minutes, then add sweet potato paste and cook for 30 seconds. Turn off the heat. Add 20c to the white powder. Mix the water well and add it to the soup, then make it into a paste.
8. French fries
Wash the sweet potato, peel it, soak it in clear water for 1-2 minutes, then cut it into small French fries, blanch it in boiling water for 1 minute, drain it, fry it in an oil pan for about 1 minute, take it out and drain it, cool it to room temperature, and immediately send it to the refrigerator for freezing. After freezing, quick-frozen fried French fries are obtained, which are crisp, tender, refreshing and rich in flavor.
9. Sweet potato and egg rice
250g of rice, sweet potato, 4 eggs, proper amount of vegetable salt and vegetable oil. First, put the rice into the pot, add a proper amount of water to boil, then simmer it with slow fire, then beat the eggs into the pot, add a little refined salt, pour them into the hot oil pan, stir-fry them into pieces, and then mix the stewed sweet potato rice evenly to eat.
10, baked sweet potato
Put the sweet potato around the fire and bake until it is slightly brown. Ripe and broken, the smell of baked sweet potato is fragrant and sweet in the mouth.
Take three bricks to prepare something that will catch fire, then fast fire, and finally bake sweet potatoes with slow fire.
Material: sweet potato
Practice: Wash the sweet potato and put it in the oven for 220 degrees and 35 minutes (depending on the size of the sweet potato).
1 1, sweet potato tremella soup
Sweet potato is rich in nutrients, including sugar, protein, fat, crude fiber, carotene, vitamin B 1, B2, C, calcium, phosphorus and iron. Because sweet potato is rich in carotene, it can also be used to treat night blindness. Sweet potato contains more dietary fiber, so it has the effect of relaxing bowels and lowering blood fat. It is a leader in low-calorie and low-fat foods. Sweet potato tremella soup can inhibit fat, nourish skin and detoxify, and nourish the body. It is the healthiest food for beauty and detoxification.
Ingredients: sweet potato120g, tremella fuciformis15g, proper amount of Lycium barbarum, and 60g of rock sugar.
Practice: Prepare tremella, sweet potato and rock sugar. Soak the tremella in advance, wash and tear it into small flowers for later use. Peel the sweet potato, wash it and cut it into small pieces for later use. Pour tremella into a casserole, add appropriate amount of cold water, bring to a boil over high fire, and simmer for 20 minutes. Add sweet potato and continue to stew 15 minutes. Add rock sugar and stew 10 minute. Put the stewed tremella soup into a bowl and eat it warmly. 12, braised rice with sweet potato sausage
Sweet potato is an alkaline food, and like many fruits and vegetables, it is the rarest. General foods are acidic, such as grain, chicken, duck, fish and so on. The PH value of human body is 7.34, so eating sweet potato is beneficial to the acid-base balance of human body. Eating sweet potatoes at the same time can reduce blood cholesterol and prevent "modern diseases" such as sub-health, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Sweet potato contains dietary fiber, carotene, vitamins A, B, C, E, and potassium, iron, copper, selenium, calcium and other trace elements 10. With high nutritional value, it is called the most balanced healthy food by nutritionists.
The disadvantage of sweet potato is the lack of protein and lipids, which can be cooked with appropriate amount of meat to supplement the lack of nutrition. Braised rice with sweet potato sausage is soft and sweet, with balanced nutrition. When you are alone, such a simple pot is also a good meal.
Ingredients: sweet potato120g, sausage, salt, rice 80g, sesame oil.
Practice: prepare rice, sweet potatoes and sausages. Wash sweet potatoes and sausages and cut them into small pieces for later use. Wash the rice, pour it into the rice cooker and add the sweet potato. Pour in the sausage, add some salt and stir well. Add the right amount of cold water. Turn to the cooking stall for stewing. After the switch trips, continue to stew for 10 minutes before turning it on. Pour in sesame oil, mix well and serve. 13, millet sweet potato porridge
Ingredients: sweet potato 100g, millet 30g, a little salt and sugar.
Production sequence: pour the millet into the pot and wash it, and remove the broken and not full particles. Peel the sweet potato, wash and cut it into cubes, and pour it into the pot with millet. Add a small amount of salt, not too much, too much salt will destroy the nutrients in sweet potatoes. Cover the pot, first boil it with high fire, and then simmer it with low fire until the sweet potatoes are completely soft. Add sugar, you can add more or less according to your personal taste. Edible value: Sweet potato millet porridge has the effects of invigorating qi, relaxing bowels and moistening intestines, and has obvious curative effect on some patients with beer belly, postpartum anorexia and postoperative constipation, especially those with gastrointestinal dysfunction.
14, sweet potato jiaozi
Raw material: sweet potato (appropriate amount)
Seasoning: sweet potato powder (appropriate amount), sugar powder (appropriate amount)
Kitchen utensils: cooking pots
Practice: Peel and slice the sweet potato, steam it, put it in a big bowl, grind it into sweet potato paste, and add sweet potato starch and a small amount of powdered sugar while it is hot (not too much, the sweet potato paste can be rubbed by hand. The longer you knead it, the more chewy it becomes. Finally, it will become a smooth sweet potato paste dough. Take part of the sweet potato paste dough, rub it into strips, cut it into small pieces, roll some starch to prevent it from sticking, put it in a fresh-keeping bag or box, and cook it like a glutinous rice ball. One bowl is not enough! 15, braised noodles with garlic and sweet potato
Ingredients: machine-rolled wet noodles (200g) and sweet potatoes (150g).
Accessories: green pepper (appropriate amount), garlic cloves (appropriate amount)
Seasoning: cooking oil (1 teaspoon), Pixian bean paste (2 teaspoons), steamed fish and soy sauce (appropriate amount), and salt (appropriate amount).
Exercise:
1, green pepper and sweet potato are washed and cut into small pieces, and garlic is broken for later use.
2, the oil in the pot is hot, and the garlic cloves are fried; Pour in green pepper and sweet potato and stir well.
3. Add Pixian bean paste and mix well.
4. Pour appropriate amount of cold water and cook for 5 minutes.
5, evenly code the wet noodles on the sweet potato, and simmer the noodles with the steam of boiling sweet potatoes.
6. Reduce the soup in the pot, turn it over, pour in steamed fish soy sauce and stir well.
7, braised noodles, adjust the taste into the bowl.
Third, dietary taboos:
Experts pointed out that it is best to eat sweet potatoes at lunch time. This is because after we eat sweet potatoes, the calcium contained in them needs to be absorbed in the human body for 4 to 5 hours, and the afternoon sunshine can just promote the absorption of calcium. But it is best to eat sweet potatoes before lunch, so that calcium can be completely absorbed before lunch, and it will not affect the absorption of calcium in other foods at dinner.
When we process sweet potatoes, we must steam them thoroughly, which will destroy the cell membrane of starch, because it is difficult to digest. In addition, if the gasification enzyme in sweet potato is not destroyed by high temperature, we will feel uncomfortable after taking it. [4]
Raw sweet potatoes after germination are forbidden to eat. The sweet potato at this time is called Phoenix Potato, which is highly toxic. In rural areas, farmers used to feed raw sweet potatoes after bud removal to pigs and cows, and pigs and cows died of poisoning.
1, not suitable for eating sweet potatoes with black spots. The virus in the black spot of sweet potato with black spot is not easy to be destroyed and killed by high temperature, and it is easy to cause poisoning, resulting in a series of poisoning symptoms such as fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and even death.
2. Sweet potato should not be eaten with persimmon at the same time. The main ingredient is starch. After eating, it will produce a lot of fruit acid. If eaten with persimmon at the same time, fruit acid can condense with persimmon tannin and pectin to form gastrolith. If you eat too much, it should be at least five hours apart. If you feel upset in the stomach, you must go to the hospital for gastroscopy to see if there is stomach bleeding or gastric ulcer.
Be sure to eat thoroughly.
Sweet potatoes must be steamed before eating, because the starch particles in sweet potatoes are not destroyed by high temperature and are difficult to digest. Sweet potato contains an oxidase, which easily produces a large amount of carbon dioxide gas in human gastrointestinal tract. Eating too much sweet potato will make people bloat, burp and fart.
Eat sweet potato "heartburn" with small pickles
Sweet potato has a high sugar content. Eating too much will stimulate gastric acid secretion and make people feel heartbroken. Therefore, it is best to eat sweet potatoes with a little pickles, which can effectively inhibit stomach acid.
Be careful to eat sweet potatoes for indigestion.
Sweet potato has a lot of sugar, which can't be absorbed by the body for a while, and the rest is easy to ferment in the intestine, making the abdomen uncomfortable. Chinese medicine believes that people with dampness blocking the spleen and stomach, qi stagnation and blood stasis should be careful to eat sweet potatoes.
Sweet potato and persimmon should not be eaten together.
Sweet potato and persimmon should not be eaten at the same time in a short time, at least five hours apart. If eaten at the same time, the sugar in sweet potato will ferment in the stomach, which will increase the secretion of gastric acid and precipitate and condense with tannin and pectin in persimmon to produce lumps. When the amount is serious, it can cause gastrointestinal bleeding or gastric ulcer. Medicinal efficacy:
Sweet potato tubers contain active ingredients, which have the effects of anti-cancer, heart protection, prevention of emphysema, diabetes, weight loss, beauty and so on, and have the reputation of "longevity food".
Sweet potato contains unique bioflavonoids, which can promote defecation and effectively inhibit the occurrence of breast cancer and colon cancer; It can improve the function of digestive organs, nourish liver and kidney, and effectively treat hepatitis and jaundice.
Sweet potato protein is of high quality, which can make up for the lack of nutrition in rice and white flour. Regular consumption can improve the utilization rate of nutrients in staple food, make people healthy and prolong life.
Sweet potato is rich in dietary fiber, which has the special function of preventing sugar from transforming into fat; Can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis and prevent constipation. Can be used for treating hemorrhoid and anal fissure, and has certain effect on preventing rectal cancer and colon cancer.
Sweet potato has a special protective effect on the mucosa of human organs, which can inhibit the deposition of cholesterol, maintain the elasticity of blood vessels, prevent the atrophy of connective tissue of liver and kidney, and prevent the occurrence of collagen disease.
External use:
Potatoes are used to treat sores, while local records uses leaf juice to treat eczema, and vines are used to treat snake and dog bites. Potato seedling leaves, tender leaves of Ipomoea aquatica and brown sugar are applied to the navel for treating nephritis edema and ascites due to cirrhosis. Brazilian sweet potato Simon 1 is the most effective variety in clinical application, and there are some difficult cases such as treating cancer and 17 type diabetes.
Lose weight, beauty:
Whether eating sweet potatoes can make people fat. According to scientific research, eating sweet potatoes will not make people fat. On the contrary, sweet potato is an ideal diet food. Its calories are very low, much lower than ordinary rice. You don't have to worry about getting fat after eating it, but you can lose weight.
Sweet potato also contains a substance similar to estrogen, which has a certain effect on protecting human skin and delaying aging. So many foreign women regard sweet potato as beauty food.
Anticancer:
Scientists have found that sweet potato contains a chemical called hydroepiandrosterone, which can be used to prevent colon cancer and breast cancer. [3] The most anticancer nutrients in the diet are β -carotene (the precursor of vitamin A), vitamin C and folic acid, and the contents of the three are rich in sweet potatoes.
A small sweet potato (about 2 times) can provide twice the daily vitamin A, one third of the daily vitamin C, and about 50 micrograms of folic acid. The content of dietary fiber is higher than a bowl of oatmeal. Eating sweet potatoes regularly helps to maintain the normal folic acid level of the human body, and low folic acid content in the body will increase the risk of cancer. Sweet potato has high dietary fiber content, which can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis and prevent constipation and colorectal cancer.
It's good for the heart
Sweet potato is rich in potassium, beta-carotene, folic acid, vitamin C and vitamin B6, all of which help to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Potassium contributes to the balance of liquid and electrolyte in human cells and maintains normal blood pressure and heart function.
β -carotene and vitamin C have the effects of anti-lipid oxidation and prevention of atherosclerosis. Supplementation of folic acid and vitamin B6 is helpful to reduce the level of homocysteine in blood, which can damage arterial blood vessels and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Prevention of emphysema
Why some long-term smokers live to be over 90 years old without suffering from emphysema may be related to the rich vitamin A content in their daily diet. Researchers suggest that smokers or passive smokers should eat some foods rich in vitamin A every day, such as sweet potatoes, to prevent emphysema.
Anti-diabetic effect
Japanese researchers found that the blood insulin level of diabetic obese rats decreased by 26% and 60% respectively after eating white sweet potato for 4 weeks and 6 weeks. It is found that sweet potato can effectively inhibit the increase of blood sugar level in diabetic obese rats after oral glucose. Eating sweet potato can also reduce the levels of triglycerides and free fatty acids in diabetic rats.
It is suggested that sweet potato with white skin has certain anti-diabetic effect. A clinical study at the University of Vienna in Austria found that insulin sensitivity of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was improved after taking sweet potato extract, which helps to control blood sugar.
Sweet potato soup can lose weight;
Coarse grains are rich in dietary fiber. After entering the intestine, they can clean up the waste in the intestine, collect toxins and waste, and let them be excreted smoothly. Sweet potato is also rich in dietary fiber and vitamins, which can create new cells in the intestine and promote metabolism.
Practice of sweet potato slimming soup
1 sweet potato, peeled and shredded, 1/4 onion, cut into small pieces, appropriate amount of kelp, shredded, shredded Tricholoma. Boil water in a pot, pour shredded sweet potato, shredded onion, shredded Tricholoma and shredded kelp into the soup to boil, then simmer for 10 minute, and add salt, chicken essence and sesame oil to taste. This soup can make blood flow smoothly and transfer energy to blood; Kelp can not only bring out the delicious soup, but also supplement minerals to the body.
Can prevent influenza.
Recently, the American media pointed out that sweet potato helps to resist the flu and prevent colds. Sweet potato is the best food source of beta carotene, which helps the human body to make enough white blood cells to fight infection caused by the invasion of cold virus. Sweet potatoes can be eaten in many ways, such as steaming, roasting or mashing.