How about kiwi fruit and pitaya?

kiwi fruit or Chinese gooseberry

brief introduction

Kiwi is a specialty of New Zealand. In fact, its ancestral home is in China, formerly known as "Kiwi". /kloc-More than 0/00 years ago, a New Zealand headmistress discovered kiwifruit while traveling in China, and brought it back to New Zealand, from which she began her immigration career. Kiwi and kiwifruit are the same kind of fruit, and it is only because of their cultivation and improvement in New Zealand that they have gained international reputation. As for why it is called kiwi, it looks like kiwi, the national bird of New Zealand. Kiwi is not only rich in vitamins C, A, E, potassium, magnesium and cellulose, but also contains rare nutrients in other fruits-folic acid, carotene, calcium, lutein, amino acids and natural inositol, so it is called "the source of nutritional vitality" by nutritionists. According to analysis, every 100g of fresh exotic pulp contains 100 to 300 mg (even more than 400 mg) of vitamin C, which is 20 to 80 times higher than that of apples and 5 to10 times higher than that of oranges.

The origin of "kiwifruit"

1962, a company run by an American lady named Frida Kaplan (now called Frida Company) began to import kiwifruit from New Zealand at the request of customers. Because Americans were not familiar with kiwifruit at that time, the first batch of 65,438+0,000 kiwifruits took Kaplan several months to sell out. Some fruit merchants suggested that Kaplan name the fruit with kiwi birds unique to New Zealand, because kiwi birds also have furry feathers like kiwi fruit, and the colors are not far apart. Kiwi is a flightless bird with short tail and wings. It is so precious that it can only be seen in the secluded jungle of New Zealand, so it has become the national bird of New Zealand. Kiwi is proud of New Zealanders. They also call themselves Kiwi. So Kaplan told this idea to growers in New Zealand. Of course, they are very happy, so they named it Kiwi, which sounds like a fruit originating in New Zealand. Others think that this name was first used in the 1950s.

In Webster's English dictionary published in the United States, the word kiwifruit first appeared in 1966. In any case, kiwifruit has gradually become popular since then and is world-famous under this name. Kiwifruit has been cultivated in China for more than 300 years, and was introduced to foreign countries as early as 1849. Britain, the United States, New Zealand, etc. They are the earliest introduction countries, and now they have been introduced to Europe, America and Australia. At present, kiwifruit has become one of the pillar industries of fruit industry in New Zealand, Italy and other countries.

value

No wonder kiwifruit is listed as an anti-cancer fruit in the Classic of Food Anti-cancer, because vitamin C, an antioxidant, can effectively prevent the carcinogen ammonium nitrite from forming in the human body. Scientists in Henan once did an experiment: taking 900 mg of vitamin C every day, the content of ammonium nitrite in urine decreased by 60%.

The medicinal value of Monkey Peach has been recorded in medical books of past dynasties in China. It is believed that it can "regulate middle-jiao and lower qi" and has the functions of nourishing and strengthening the body, clearing away heat and diuresis, invigorating the stomach and moistening dryness. As a folk prescription, eating 60 grams of peach peel raw can cure internal heat and anxiety, and prevent scurvy, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and so on. The pharmacological action is that its vitamin C can prevent the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines, and its pulp can reduce blood cholesterol and triglycerides. It is said that Monkey Peach has unique skills in treating digestive tract cancer and lung cancer.

The root of the monkey peach also has medicinal effects, but unfortunately, there are few pharmacies here now. Kiwi seems a little fruity to some people, and it has a bitter feeling after eating it. Eating while coughing may aggravate the condition, but whether it is allergic or not is unknown.

Pitaya huǒ lóng guǒ, also known as Qinglong Fruit and Honglongguo. Its scientific name is Hailong. Native to tropical Central America. Pitaya is rich in nutrition and unique in function. It contains plant albumin and anthocyanins, and is rich in vitamins and water-soluble dietary fiber, which are rare in general plants. Pitaya, a typical tropical plant and a triangular column plant of cactus, is native to tropical desert areas of Central America such as Brazil and Mexico. Pitaya is a plant introduced from Nanyang to Taiwan Province Province, and then improved and introduced from Taiwan Province Province to Hainan Province and Guangxi and Guangdong in the southern mainland. Pitaya is named for its fleshy scales. When her bright and huge flowers bloom, the fragrance is overflowing, and potted viewing makes people feel auspicious, so it is also called "auspicious fruit".

The benefits and nutrition of pitaya to human body

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Every hundred grams of pitaya pulp contains 83.75g of water, 0.34g of ash, 0.017g of crude fat, C5.22g of crude protein, 0.21g of crude fiber and 3.91g of carbohydrate. Calcium 6.3-8.8 mg, phosphorus 30.2-36. 1 mg, iron 0.55-0.65 mg, a large number of anthocyanins (the most abundant variety in red fruits), water-soluble dietary protein, plant albumin, etc. Pitaya is sweet, and its main nutrients are protein, dietary fiber, vitamins B2, B3, C, iron, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium. Its peak period is from June to 165438+ 10. It is planted all over Taiwan Province Province, and the main producing areas are Hsinchu, Yunlin and Chiayi.

From the analysis of modern scientific research, the measuring ruler and pitaya do have many beneficial ingredients for human beings, and there are more elements to promote health, beauty, disease prevention and physical fitness. Since the middle of last century, pitaya has been planted on a large scale in Asia and Latin America. At the beginning of this century, the planting area in Asia has advanced by leaps and bounds, and the corresponding scientific research has also developed rapidly around the world. We believe that measuring ruler and pitaya will bring more ideals and strength to mankind.

The unique mucus of pitaya's branches and flowers, because of its extremely low osmotic pressure, contains a lot of nutrients and therapeutic substances, and has remarkable curative effect. Pitaya has the functions of preventing constipation, promoting eye health care, increasing bone density, helping cell membrane formation, preventing anemia and neuritis, angular stomatitis, reducing cholesterol, whitening skin, preventing dark spots, relieving heavy metal poisoning, resisting free radicals, preventing senile diseases, losing weight and preventing colorectal cancer. The latest research results show that the juice of pitaya and its branches has a positive effect on tumor growth, virus and immune response inhibition.

Legend of pitaya

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Measuring ruler is a tropical plant of cactus, which is native to Costa Rica, Guatemala, Barama, Ecuador, Cuba, Colombia and other places in Central America. It is not only famous for its longevity, tenacity and beauty, but also an excellent source of nutrition and beauty. According to local legends, the measuring ruler is a powerful symbol of nutrition. An Aztec legend describes in detail how powerful the measuring ruler is for women. When a poor Aztec woman got lost in the hot desert, she couldn't call for help, and the situation was very dangerous. She fell into despair, dying, and slowly entered another world in illusion ... The voice told her to eat the plants next to her quickly! Eat the plants around you! She struggled to stretch out her hand to touch it, but she couldn't open her eyes. She just imagined that there were scattered and stretched rulers around her. There are few other plants in this particularly hot desert. She saw flashing red light in the illusion, dotted with pitaya between the scales measured, like handfuls of burning hunting, and her beating heart was shouting, inspiring her to stick to it! A breeze, millions of young beauties came running to her with huge lilies! ..... In the dream, her hand touched a blow, and she felt groups of swaying fairies and clusters of brilliant flowers changing alternately in front of her eyes, like a thick green ruler. When she magically broke it, her hand was pricked with blood, but she didn't feel any pain. She seemed to be guided by a magical force, mechanically biting this thick ruler. The Aztec woman woke up, her physical strength recovered rapidly, and her almost chapped lips became magically rosy, gradually spreading all over her body like waves, and she walked out of the desert smoothly!

The legend of this Aztec woman has been handed down from generation to generation. The measuring ruler is regarded as fairy grass, and pitaya is also called fairy fruit and honey fruit. No matter its branches, flowers, fruits and roots, it has become an indispensable special crop for local people and has unique medicinal and edible functions. As a sacred symbol, pitaya is respected by the world, and this tradition later spread all over the world with the invasion and expansion of European colonialism. Pitaya belongs to the upper class in the edible plant fruits of human beings, which implies many beautiful ideals of human beings, such as auspiciousness, health, wealth and longevity. Whether visiting relatives and friends or visiting patients, there must be a dragon fruit in the center of the fruit basket you carry with you, which indicates many good wishes. Both national leaders and ordinary people can't do without pitaya when they worship their ancestors. ...

The origin of pitaya

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Pitaya is native to tropical rain forests in Central America, belonging to Ranunculaceae, Ranunculaceae and Serpentine. It was introduced to Southeast Asian countries such as Viet Nam and Thailand and Taiwan Province Province of China by French and Dutch. Pitaya has a deep historical origin with religious culture. Pitaya is planted near the Mayan and Inca pyramids in America and next to Vietnamese temples in Asia. Whenever there are sacrifices and major religious activities, they will sacrifice pitaya as a sacred fruit on the altar. What is even more surprising is that pitaya has an indissoluble bond with loong culture in the United States and Asia. The ancient Incas sacrificed pitaya with totems engraved with dragon images. This totem and pitaya both mean dragon in Inca. Even today, indigenous Mexican men like to call themselves China boys, which may be influenced by the legend that their ancestors came to the United States from China.

Cultivation of pitaya

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Pitaya is a tropical and subtropical fruit with simple cultivation techniques. Sexual preference is warm and humid, and yin tolerance is barren. The optimum growth temperature is 25~35℃, but it can be planted in the open air with the annual minimum temperature higher than 5℃. The requirements for soil are not strict, and it can be cultivated in flat land, paddy field, hillside and dry land. It grows well in fertile, well-drained neutral or slightly acidic sandy red soil or loam, with aerial roots, developed roots and vigorous vitality. Propagation methods mainly include cutting and grafting. When planting, the row spacing is generally 6~7m, the plant spacing is 3~4m, 3~4 plants per hole, and 24 ~ 38 holes per 666.7m2 ... In the management process, apply some organic fertilizer appropriately, pay attention to irrigation in hot and dry summer, pay attention to drainage in rainy days, prevent water accumulation and avoid bacterial and fungal infection. General pests and diseases rarely occur, even if a small amount occurs, some pesticides with high efficiency and low toxicity can be used for prevention and control [6]. The flowering and fruiting period of pitaya is May ~165438+1October every year, and the fruit can be harvested when it turns from green to purple.

Development of pitaya

Today's high-fat, high-calorie and high-protein food structure leads to more and more patients with hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. Pitaya, which has dual functions of beauty and health care, can be said to be the best choice for people. The flowers and fruits of pitaya can be eaten raw, and can also be processed into various nutritional and health foods, such as pitaya juice, sauce, preserved fruit, canned drinks, etc., with unique flavor. Both flowers and stems can be used as medicine. If the effective components of flowers and stems can be extracted and processed into capsules, pills and other drugs, it will be very effective in treating hypertension and diabetes. In addition, the stem of pitaya is an ideal rootstock for grafting precious cactus. Crab claw orchids and all kinds of weird cacti can be grafted on them to make garden plants for families to watch. The flowers and fruits of pitaya are also very bright, so it can also be directly used as bonsai and garden cultivation.

Pitaya has a short cultivation history in China. At present, only in Taiwan Province, Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and other provinces, the cultivation area is still very limited. The market price of Chaozhou this year is 6~ 10 yuan, which forms a huge gap between supply and demand. To sum up, the development prospect of pitaya is very broad.

Management techniques of pitaya planting

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First, raise seedlings

Pitaya is propagated mainly by cuttage or crop grafting.

1. Transplanting: Spring is the most suitable time. Cuttings were selected from well-grown stems and cut into small pieces with the length of 15cm. After the wound is air-dried, it can be inserted into the sand bed, and it can take about 15-30 days to take root. When the root grows to 3-4cm, it can be transplanted into the seedbed.

2. Grafting seedlings: select a ruler with no pests and diseases, strong growth and full stem flesh as the rootstock, and graft in sunny days. Cut the pitaya stem into a plane with a knife, insert the scion, align it with the cambium, and tie it tightly with cotton thread. Under the condition of 28-30 degrees Celsius, a large number of callus will be formed on the joint surface of the wound in 4-5 days, and the color of the scion is close to that of the rootstock, indicating that the vascular bundles of the two have healed and grafted successfully. At this time, they can be moved into the heel of the seedbed to continue culture.

3. Seedling management: The seedbed should be in a place with sunny ventilation, fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage. The whole bed should be carefully ditched, with 90cm and 667m2 of decomposed chicken manure or cow dung1500 kg-2,000 kg, mixed rice husk ash 1000kg, fully stirred and applied during soil preparation. After that, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 100- 150 kg was applied, fully stirred with a hoe, and applied to the plough layer 4-5 cm deep. Then plant the seedlings in a seedbed with row spacing of 3 cm, water them, and spray carbendazim 1 0/0 500 times every10.

Second, cultivation management.

Pitaya is a tropical plant, which likes light, shade, heat, drought, fertilizer and barren. Its stems can also grow on rocks, and its plants are very wind-resistant. As long as the support is firm and can resist typhoon, 300-400 plants can be planted in 667 square meters, and every four plants are supported by a cement column with a width of 20 cm and a height of 2 meters.

Pitaya can adapt to all kinds of soil, but neutral soil and weak acid soil with high humus content and water and fertilizer retention are the best. In order to make it grow vigorously after planting, it is necessary to apply more sterilized and fermented human manure organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer at seedling stage, and the dosage depends on the size of the plant.

Pitaya grows rapidly in a warm and humid environment with sufficient light. When cultivated in the open field in spring and summer, it is necessary to water more to keep the root system in a vigorous growth state, and drain water in time in rainy weather to avoid infection with germs and rot of stem meat. Pitaya is resistant to low temperature of 0 degrees Celsius and high temperature of 40 degrees Celsius. In order to ensure its perennial growth and fruitfulness, and try to reach the appropriate temperature of 20-30 degrees Celsius, greenhouses must be built for planting in the north, and the temperature at night in winter should not be lower than 8 degrees Celsius. Plastic film can be removed in summer, but it must be ventilated. Dragon Orchard doesn't need a plow, just cut the weeds in time. Pitaya has a thick waxy layer, smooth appearance and no bagging, which saves labor and time. Pitaya generally has no insect pests, and occasionally there are nematodes in the roots and red spiders in the stems and leaves, which can be prevented in time.

It takes about 30 days from flowering to fruit ripening. The fruit turns from green to red, and can be harvested when it is slightly fragrant and bright.

Processing method of pitaya:

1. A method for extracting water-soluble red pigment from pitaya pulp and peel.

2. Pitaya wine and its preparation method

3. A method for extracting water-soluble natural red pigment from pitaya.

4. Production method of pitaya seed health care products

5. Production method of pitaya peel beverage

6, pitaya seed surface cleaning method

7. Production method of pitaya branch products

8. Production method of pitaya beverage

9. Production method of pitaya pulp beverage

10, production method of pitaya branch beverage

1 1, pitaya sparkling wine and its production process