Raw tea directly reprocessed into finished products and cooked tea reprocessed after artificial rapid fermentation can be divided into loose tea and pressed tea. After the finished product, the natural aging process is continued, which has the unique quality that the older it is, the more fragrant it is. In Yunnan, the birthplace of Pu 'er, there is a saying that "grandpa's tea is sold by grandson". Pu 'er tea is made of fresh leaves of Yunnan big leaf species, also called Pu 'er loose tea. Its appearance is thick, its color is moist or brownish red, commonly known as pig liver color. It tastes mellow and sweet, has a unique aged fragrance, and has the reputation of "beauty tea" and "slimming tea". -Pu 'er tea is a famous local tea unique to Yunnan. There are two series of sun-dried green tea with big leaves originated in Yunnan and its reprocessing: raw tea directly reprocessed into finished products and cooked tea reprocessed after artificial rapid fermentation [2], which are loose tea and pressed tea in shape; After the finished product, the natural aging process continues. Pu 'er tea (raw tea) is a kind of pressed tea made from fresh leaves of Yunnan big-leaf tea tree which meet the environmental conditions of Pu 'er tea producing area. It has the unique quality that the older it is, the more fragrant it will be. Its quality characteristics are: dark green appearance, pure and lasting fragrance, rich and sweet taste, clear and green soup color, thick yellow-green leaves. Pu 'er tea (cooked tea) is a kind of loose tea and pressed tea, which is made of Yunnan large-leaf sun-cured green tea that meets the environmental conditions of Pu 'er tea producing area and is processed by post-fermentation (fast post-fermentation or slow post-fermentation) with a specific process. Its quality characteristics are: the appearance color is reddish brown, the soup color is bright red, the aroma is unique and ancient, the taste is mellow and sweet, and the leaf color is reddish brown. Raw Pu 'er tea: fresh leaves of Yunnan Daye tea-spreading and cooling-fixing-rolling-drying in the sun-autoclaving-drying and spreading and cooling: some water in the fresh leaves is lost. In the process of running water, some aromatic substances are formed, and some macromolecular ester soluble sugar water is decomposed into small molecular soluble sugar. Inactivation: quickly inactivate enzyme activity at high temperature to prevent polyphenol oxidation. Evaporating a part of the water is beneficial to rubbing into strips. Kneading: the cell wall of tea leaves is broken, so that the tea juice can be easily dissolved in the tea soup during brewing, and the leaching rate is improved. Make tea leaves into strips. Sun-drying: naturally dry the twisted tea leaves in the sun, and keep the organic matter and active substances in the tea leaves to the maximum extent. However, the cell pores on the surface of sun-cured green tea are the largest, which is beneficial to generate a lot of heat during fermentation. Autoclave: the sun-dried [1] tea leaves are steamed with steam and pressed into different molds. Drying: control the water content within the safe storage range. Generally, the water content of Pu 'er tea is required to be below 10%. Cooked tea: fresh leaves of Yunnan big-leaf tea-spreading and cooling-deactivating enzyme-rolling-sun-drying-wet water heap fermentation: (sprinkling a certain proportion of water on sun-dried green tea to provide growth conditions for microorganisms)-autoclaving (tea pressing has this process)-drying and spreading and cooling. Stacking fermentation: Wet tea leaves are stacked together according to a certain thickness, and the unique flavor and quality of Pu 'er tea are formed under the joint action of microorganisms, damp heat and oxidation. Six unique Pu 'er tea: a kind of tea that developed into a special kind of tea after being named after a place name. Pu 'er tea was originally produced in Pu 'er, Yunnan Province, and distributed in Pu 'er. Unique variety: the fresh leaves of tea tree are the varieties of Pu 'er tea, that is, the fresh leaves of Yunnan big-leaf tea tree. Strange raw materials: fermented by Yunnan big leaf sun-dried green tea. There are two ways of post-fermentation: one is natural storage and slow natural fermentation for a long time, so Pu 'er tea becomes a traditional Pu 'er tea; One is Pu 'er tea made from sun-dried raw tea by artificial promotion and post-fermentation, and its various pressed Pu 'er teas are called modern Pu 'er tea or cooked tea. Strange shapes: Pu 'er tea has various shapes besides loose tea, such as small pills, meatballs, chess, Tuocha and round cakes. As big as pumpkins, giant cakes, tree tubes, screens, large plaques and so on. Unique quality: Pu 'er tea has the characteristics of getting more fragrant with age, which runs counter to the characteristics of new tea and old wine. If properly preserved, it can be preserved for about one hundred years. Strange drink: brew aged Pu 'er in a bowl or teapot in a teahouse for 20 times. The above characteristics of Yunnan Pu 'er tea also make Pu 'er tea an antique that can be collected and appreciated, which is a feature that no tea has. Therefore, Pu 'er tea is completely qualified and should be an independent tea, that is, Pu 'er tea. Many people don't know the efficacy of Pu 'er tea, and the drinking method of Pu 'er tea is also a little knowledge. They only know that Pu 'er tea can lose weight, and Pu 'er tea does have the effect of losing weight, especially if you master the correct drinking method of Pu 'er tea, the effect is more obvious. Here is a detailed introduction to the drinking method of Pu 'er tea. Because the tea taste of Pu 'er tea is not easy to brew, it must be brewed with boiling water. 1. Put Pu 'er tea leaves in a filter cup, about 10g (cover the bottom of the cup, slightly higher). 2. Pour boiling water into the filter cup and cover with tea. 3. After a while, take out the filter cup and pour out the first sip of tea. 4. Inject boiling water again, cover the tea leaves, cover the cup lid and let it stand for about 20 seconds. 5. Open the lid upside down, take out the filter cup and drip the tea juice slightly. As for the inside of the lid. 6. Well, a cup of fragrant Pu 'er tea is ready. 7. Don't forget to filter the tea in the cup while enjoying it, and don't throw it away. Pu 'er is very resistant to foam. When you finish the first course, you can put the filter cup back into the teacup, fill it with water, cover it, let it stand for a while, and the second cup of Pu 'er is ready again. 8. The tea soup of the second and third bubbles can be mixed together to avoid being too strong. 9. After the fourth time, for each additional bubble, increase 15 seconds, and so on. You can drink it half an hour after dinner. Health effects of Pu 'er tea: 1, lipid-lowering, weight-reducing, blood pressure lowering and anti-arteriosclerosis. Dr Emile Carobbi, clinical teaching director of Saint Antoine Medical College in Paris, France, used Yunnan Pu 'er tea to prove that "Yunnan Pu 'er tea has a good effect of reducing lipid content and cholesterol content". China Kunming Medical College also conducted 55 clinical trials on Yunnan Pu 'er Tuocha for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Compared with 3 1 case of Antoine, a drug with better lipid-lowering effect, Pu 'er tea is more effective than Antoine. Drinking Pu 'er tea for a long time can lower cholesterol and glyceride, so drinking Pu 'er tea for a long time can treat obesity. Drinking Pu 'er tea can cause vasodilation, blood pressure drop, heart rate slowdown, cerebral blood flow reduction and other physiological effects, so it has a good therapeutic effect on patients with hypertension and cerebral arteriosclerosis. 2, anti-cancer, anti-cancer scientists through a large number of people compared to prove that people who drink tea have a low incidence of cancer. Pu 'er tea contains a variety of rich anti-cancer trace elements, and Pu 'er tea has a strong killing effect on cancer cells. 3. Tooth-strengthening and tooth-protecting Pu 'er tea contains a variety of physiological active ingredients, which has the function of sterilization and disinfection, so it can remove the bad smell of the mouth and protect the teeth. 4. Protecting the stomach and nourishing the stomach At a suitable concentration, drinking mild Pu 'er tea does not stimulate the stomach. Thick, smooth and mellow Pu 'er tea enters the human stomach to form a film, which adheres to the surface of the stomach and produces a beneficial protective layer for the stomach. Drinking Pu 'er tea for a long time can protect and nourish the stomach. This is the main reason why consumers who advocate drinking Pu 'er tea at home and abroad call Pu 'er tea "beauty tea" and "longevity tea". 5. Catechin in anti-aging tea has anti-aging effect. The total catechin content of Yunnan Daye tea is higher than that of other tea varieties, and its anti-aging effect is better than that of other teas. At the same time, during the processing of Pu 'er tea, macromolecular polysaccharides are transformed into a large number of new soluble monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, and vitamin C is multiplied. These substances play an important role in improving the function of human immune system, and have the effects of strengthening the body and prolonging life. 6. Radiation protection According to the research results of Pu 'er tea by He Guofan of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangdong Province, drinking 2% Pu 'er tea can alleviate the damage caused by cobalt 60 radiation. 7, sober up "Compendium of Materia Medica" contains: "Pu 'er tea can best treat oily pericardium, first scrape the intestines to sober up. "Facts have proved that tea polyphenols in tea can promote ethanol metabolism and protect the liver. So that the ethanol metabolism can be carried out normally and smoothly. Drinking tea can increase vasoconstriction. Theophylline has diuretic effect, which can promote the rapid excretion of alcohol from the body and reduce the harm after drunkenness. Drinking tea can also supplement vitamin C needed for alcohol hydrolysis and excite the brain center anesthetized by alcohol. So as to play a role in hangover. Moreover, using tea to relieve alcoholism will never hurt the spleen and stomach, nor will it make drunken people vomit a lot and cause nausea. 8. Beauty Pu 'er tea can regulate metabolism, promote blood circulation, regulate human body and naturally balance internal functions, so it has beauty effect and is called "beauty tea" overseas. [Edit this paragraph] Classification of Pu 'er tea (1) Raw tea is classified according to the production method: after picking, it is fermented in a natural way, and the tea fragrance is more exciting. After many years, the tea party will become gentle. Good old Pu 'er tea is usually made in this way. Cooked tea: through scientific artificial fermentation, tea becomes gentle and soft and delicious. The demarcation point is after 1973. The water brewed by raw tea is turquoise, and the water brewed by cooked tea is golden red. (2) Classification by storage mode: Dry Pu 'er refers to storing in a ventilated, dry and clean warehouse, so that tea leaves can be naturally fermented and aged 10~20 years. Wet-stored Pu 'er: Generally, it is placed in wet places, such as basements and cellars, to speed up its fermentation. Because the things in tea are destroyed more, and often have mud or musty smell. Although the aging speed of wet-stored Pu 'er is faster than that of dry-stored Pu 'er, it is easy to get moldy, which is not good for human health, so we do not advocate selling and drinking wet-stored Pu 'er. (3) Classification by appearance 1. Cake tea: flat disc shape, in which each piece of seven cakes has a net weight of 357 grams, which is the old unit of measurement: 72, and every seven is a tube, which means 7749, representing the meaning of having many children and grandchildren, hence the name seven cakes. 2. Tuocha: The shape is about the size of a rice bowl, each with a net weight of 100g and 250g, and now there are mini small Tuocha with a net weight of 2g-5g. 3, brick tea: rectangular or square, 250 grams-1000 grams, made this shape mainly to facilitate transportation. 4. Golden melon tribute tea: pressed into semi-melon shapes of different sizes, ranging from 100 grams to hundreds of kilograms. 5. Liang Qiancha: pressed into compact strips of different sizes, each strip is relatively heavy (the smallest tea treaty 100 kg), hence the name: Liang Qiancha 6. Loose tea: Pu 'er tea in the shape of loose tea is loose tea, which can be divided into thick leaf tea made of whole tea and small buds made of bud tips. 7. The intermediate and advanced products of Pu 'er tea are mostly Tuo tea and cake tea.