The prevention and treatment of fox disease should implement the principle that prevention is more important than treatment, do a good job in the management of fox farms at ordinary times, prevent diseases from being brought in from feed, drinking water and exotic animals, strengthen pathogen monitoring and vaccination, and eliminate diseases in the bud. The health management of fox farm should be strengthened from the following aspects.

1. feed hygiene

(1) It is absolutely forbidden to purchase feed from epidemic areas. Many infectious diseases are caused by domestic animals and fur animals. Meat feed purchased from epidemic areas carries such infectious diseases in domestic animals, and these diseases occur after foxes eat them. Such as canine distemper, rabies, pseudorabies, anthrax, tuberculosis, brucellosis and botulism. Residues of food and hair should be cleaned up at any time to prevent them from piling up and causing corruption and disease.

(2) Do a good job in environmental sanitation around the cage to prevent rats and flies. Every day, we should remove pollutants such as feces under the cage, and clean the feces in the cage at any time to prevent flies and mosquitoes. Spray pesticides around the cage regularly to kill mosquitoes and flies. Use mechanical methods to prevent rats and prevent the spread of diseases.

(3) The mat grass is clean and soft. Mat grass is an essential material for cold and warmth, hair grooming and calving. Should be dry, pollution-free, rot-free, to prevent rodents from infecting other diseases. It is best to expose yourself to the sun and disinfect before use.

2. Hygiene of feed processing rooms and feeding utensils

(1) Hygienic management of feed processing room. The staff in feed processing room must be careful and experienced. Change work clothes and special shoes when entering and leaving the feed room. No other personnel are allowed to enter. Feed processing room should be anti-virus and fire-proof, and its disinfection drugs should be non-toxic, tasteless and efficient. The feed processing room should be cleaned at any time, kept clean, and washed with water after each use, leaving no dead ends to prevent bacteria from breeding.

(2) Hygiene of processing utensils and tableware. Feed processing utensils and tableware are the necessary utensils for foxes every day. Frequent contact with food can easily become a breeding ground for bacteria. After each use, it should be cleaned and disinfected regularly, and the tableware should be cooked and disinfected.

(2) Epidemic prevention management of fox farm

1. Eliminate the source of infection and strengthen quarantine work. Imported foxes should be kept in isolation for more than two weeks, or they can enter the market after necessary quarantine without any infectious diseases. Feed and articles should be purchased from non-epidemic areas to avoid the epidemic of infectious diseases.

Do a good job of daily disinfection. There should be a disinfection pool at the entrance and exit of the fox farm, and a mixture of caustic soda and lime should be put in the pool to prevent infectious diseases from being brought in. Full-field pre-disinfection should be carried out regularly, and various instruments should not be used in series. The dead fox body should be buried below 1 m or burned, and the autopsy site should be thoroughly disinfected with caustic soda.

2. Vaccinate regularly to enhance the immunity of foxes. Every spring before breeding, that is, from the end of 65438+February to the beginning of the following year 1 month, the vaccination of fox major infectious diseases is completed. In mid-July, newborn young foxes and breeding foxes should be vaccinated again. Young foxes should be vaccinated in the third week of nesting, not after weaning. Before large-scale inoculation, small groups (5 ~ 10) should be inoculated experimentally and observed for 7 ~ 10 days. Only when there are no adverse reactions can mass vaccination be carried out. If the local abscess or serious illness dies after inoculation, the biological product cannot be used, and other biological products should be replaced. Specific vaccination can refer to the following table:

3. Disinfection is an important measure to prevent and control infectious diseases, aiming at eliminating pathogens scattered in the external environment, thus cutting off the route of infection. According to the use, it can be divided into three types, namely preventive disinfection, temporary disinfection and terminal disinfection. According to the use method, it can be divided into physical, biological and chemical. Commonly used disinfection methods in fox farms are:

(1) Physical disinfection. Including cleaning, washing, sun exposure, drying and high temperature. It has a great influence on the vitality of pathogenic microorganisms. Commonly used sun, flame disinfection, steam disinfection, etc.

(2) Biological disinfection. It is mainly used for biological fermentation treatment of feces, sewage and so on.

(3) chemical disinfection. This is the most widely used disinfection method. Commonly used chemical disinfection drugs include bleaching powder, potassium permanganate, Lysol, formaldehyde, caustic soda and so on. (1) bleaching powder is used to disinfect feces, garbage bins and water sources, but not metal cages. (2) Potassium permanganate is widely used to disinfect livestock products, feed preparation rooms and feed processing equipment that have begun to rot. (3) Lai Su used 5% ~ 10% hot water solution to disinfect feeding utensils and processing utensils such as nest boxes, eating boards and drinking troughs, and used 1% ~ 3% solution to disinfect hands, corpses and dissecting utensils. ④ Formaldehyde is used to disinfect nest boxes, work clothes and laboratory utensils. ⑤ All appliances and places of caustic soda except metal cages can be disinfected, and the effect is very good.

4. In the feed preparation room of the fox farm, around the cold storage and other places, there are common bipedal blood-sucking insects such as houseflies, green flies and carrion flies because of feed residues and feces. They are living vectors of infectious diseases and must be culled to achieve the purpose of eliminating infectious vectors.

The key to fly prevention is to keep the site clean, and the site should be cleaned frequently. Feces and dirty padding should be removed in time for bio-thermal fermentation. The sewage pit should be filled up and the cesspit should be covered tightly. The feed preparation room should always be kept clean to prevent flies from infecting the feed. Kill by mechanical or chemical methods when necessary.

5. Rodent killing is a major public hazard in fox farms, destroying buildings, destroying feeding equipment, and stealing contaminated grain feed and meat and fish feed. More importantly, rodents are one of the reasons for the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases in fox farms. Experiments show that rats can spread various infectious diseases, such as leptospirosis, canine distemper, rabies and paratyphoid fever. Therefore, various methods must be taken to kill rats. Commonly used methods are mechanical deratization and chemical deratization. When chemical deratization is carried out, it must be spread at night and recycled in the morning. After deratization, the rat carcasses should be cleaned up and properly disposed of.

Prevention and treatment of common diseases of foxes

The epidemic disease in fox farm is very harmful to fox farm. Because of its strong infectivity and high mortality, the economic loss caused by the disease is great. We must do a good job in the prevention and treatment of common diseases in aquaculture.

(1) canine distemper

Canine distemper is an acute, chronic and highly contagious infectious disease caused by canine distemper virus. Many kinds of carnivores will suffer from this disease. Young animals are susceptible, with high morbidity and mortality.

Under the natural conditions of epidemiology, carnivores such as dogs, wolves, silvery black foxes and arctic foxes are susceptible to canine distemper virus. Among the foxes in captivity, the silver-black fox is the most susceptible to infection, and the arctic fox is a little worse. Foxes of all ages can get sick, but young foxes aged 2.5 ~ 5 months are the most susceptible.

The main sources of infection are toxic animals such as sick dogs and sick foxes. Through contact infection, especially in the fox breeding period, running foxes and other frequent contacts. This disease has no seasonality and can occur all year round. Canine distemper often breaks out in summer weaned foxes, which is not easy to be recognized at first, and can not be diagnosed until a large number of cases occur in autumn, causing serious losses. When the clinical symptoms are naturally infected, the incubation period of silver black fox and arctic fox is 9 ~ 30 days, sometimes as long as 3 months. In some cases, the characteristic clinical symptoms of this disease appear. Silver black fox and arctic fox began to raise their body temperature (40℃ ~ 4 1℃) for 2 ~ 3 days, refusing to eat, eating less and vomiting. The nose mirror is cracked. 2 ~ 3 days after the onset, there is serosity first, then mucinous, and finally suppurative conjunctivitis. The nasal cavity regularly and irregularly discharges transparent liquid, and sometimes it turns into mucinous or suppurative rhinitis.

When the lung is invaded, it is accompanied by cough, first dry cough, then wet cough. It is more likely to invade the lungs in spring and autumn. Catarrhal inflammation, diarrhea, and sometimes mixed blood occur in digestive organs.

When the nervous system is invaded, large muscles such as limbs and head of the sick fox appear tense contraction, paralysis or semi-paralysis, or a certain muscle group appears rhythmic convulsion. Silver-black fox has sudden visual impairment, dilated pupils and green iris. The course of the disease is about 2 ~ 3 days, and some of them are more than 20 ~ 30 days.

Diagnosis. Preliminary diagnosis can be made according to epidemiological and clinical symptoms, and biological experiments and specific inclusion body examination can be carried out when necessary.

It should be strictly differentiated from paratyphoid fever, pasteurellosis, vitamin B 1 deficiency, viral enteritis and other diseases.

Prevention and control. Vaccinate, establish and improve the veterinary health system in fox farms, and isolate, treat and eliminate sick foxes in time.

Treatment. There is no special treatment for this disease. The measures are to isolate sick foxes, strengthen feeding management, reduce the proportion of pellet feed, increase digestible fresh meat, liver, eggs and milk to ensure the nutrition of sick foxes. At the same time, other drugs are used for symptomatic treatment.

(2) Rabies

Rabies is an acute viral disease caused by many kinds of domestic animals, wild animals and people and characterized by dysfunction of the central nervous system. The virus was transmitted to fur animals through bites and eventually died of respiratory paralysis.

1. Epidemiology Under natural conditions, all mammals and poultry are susceptible to rabies, and so are people. Dogs and wild animals suffering from this disease are rabies in natural reservoirs. The saliva of these sick animals contains a large number of viruses, which go to residential areas and fox farms to bite people and animals during the excitement period, causing rabies. Most foxes in cages are wild animals and dogs with rabies go to fox farms and bite foxes through cage walls to spread diseases. Rabies is widely spread among wild carnivores, and silver black fox is a frequent disseminator of this disease among farm animals. There is obvious seasonality, that is, the season when animals are in estrus and raptors swim back is more common. Young animals of all ages or young animals will get sick.

2. Clinical symptoms Like dogs, fox rabies can be roughly divided into three stages. In the prodromal period, the fox was depressed for a short time and did not exercise obviously.

An exciting time. Highly excited, aggressive, biting, picking and tearing everything; Self-injury, refusing to eat, not drinking water, moaning for a long time; Increased saliva secretion, diarrhea. Paralysis period. Hindlimb jitter, hind limb paralysis; Lying unconscious, hypothermia, muscle spasm, and finally death, the course of silver fox is 3-6 days.

3. It is easy to diagnose according to the symptoms in clinic. High excitement, abnormal appetite, paralysis of hind limbs, local rabies epidemic, and contact between existing mad dogs and wild animals and fox farms can all be diagnosed.

4. Differential diagnosis is different from nervous canine distemper and poisoning.

Neuropathic canine distemper is not aggressive and violent, and young foxes are the most sensitive, while rabies can occur in foxes of any age.

Poisoning has strong diarrhea and vomiting, and it is non-aggressive. It can be diagnosed by detecting the poison in feed.

5. Prevent dogs and wild animals from entering the fox farm, heighten fences and walls, and isolate the fox farm from the outside world. It is not allowed to catch wild animals and put them directly into the fox farm. Fox farm staff (workers, staff, veterinarians, technicians) should be vaccinated against rabies. After the prevention and control of rabies in fox farms, it is necessary to implement a blockade and report the epidemic situation to the relevant health departments in time. Strictly put an end to sick foxes running out of the fox farm. Bodies and suspicious bodies after rabies death should be burned. Implement emergency vaccination for clinically healthy foxes. Foxes bitten by foxes are allowed to be vaccinated within 8 days. Do a good job in health protection measures for staff.

Two months after the last rabies case died, the blockade was lifted.

(3) Listeriosis

Listeriosis is an acute bacterial infectious disease, characterized by septicemia, accompanied by pathological changes of internal organs and central nervous system. It is one of the infectious diseases that easily occur in fox farms. The pathogen is Listeria, which has strong resistance and can remain in the soil for more than 5 months in autumn and winter. Store in bran for 5 months to 1 year. It can be stored in compound feed for 10 month and in hides for 60 ~ 100 days without losing vitality.

1. Epidemiology Pigs, horses, cattle, sheep and poultry are easy to become carriers. Silver foxes and arctic foxes are susceptible, especially young foxes.

The main sources of infection are sick animals and livestock and poultry that feed on sick animals. The route of infection is to enter the body from the mouth through feed or drinking water. Vitamin deficiency, helminthiasis and other diseases lead to decreased body resistance and poor feeding management, all of which are the causes of the disease. The disease has no obvious seasonality, but it mostly occurs in spring and summer.

2. Clinical symptoms: the young fox alternated between depression and excitement, partially or completely refusing to eat. When excited, dyskinesia, hind limb swing and incomplete paralysis. Spastic contraction of head and neck muscles, muscle tremor, neck bending, sometimes stretching forward or to one side, or looking back. When eating feed, there is spasmodic contraction in the neck and viscous liquid flows out of the mouth. Conjunctivitis, keratitis, diarrhea and vomiting are common. Light gray mucus or blood was found in feces. The young fox died 7-28 days after symptoms appeared. In addition to the above symptoms, adult foxes were also found to have cough, dyspnea and abdominal breathing.

3. According to epidemiology, clinical manifestations and laboratory bacteriological examination, the diagnosis can be made.

4. Symptomatic treatment according to clinical symptoms. In addition, improving feeding management and strengthening nutrition, on this basis, adding neomycin (6.5438+0 million units per animal) to feed three times a day can have good results.

5. Prevention and control measures shall be taken to isolate all sick foxes, and the cages contaminated by sick foxes shall be disinfected with 5% Kline or Lysol and 2.5% caustic soda. After the ground is cleaned, it is disinfected with bleaching powder. Prevent rodents and wild birds from entering fox farms. In order to prevent the occurrence of this disease, the by-products of sheep and pigs have been tested by bacteriology before use, and can no longer be fed after discovery. It is best to cook the feed before feeding it.

(4) Pasteurellosis

Pasteurellosis fox is also called hemorrhagic septicemia. It is an acute septic infectious disease of many fur animals caused by Pasteurella multocida. Sepsis and visceral hemorrhage are the main features and are often endemic. The pathogen is Pasteurella multocida, and its resistance is not strong. 50℃ for 30 minutes, 58℃ for 20 minutes, 70℃ ~ 90℃ for 5 minutes, and died immediately after boiling. But it can withstand freezing at MINUS 70 degrees without dying. Various disinfectants can kill bacteria quickly.

1. Epidemiology Young silver black fox is the most susceptible. The source of infection of the disease is by-products such as raising livestock and poultry suffering from pasteurellosis. In particular, it is the most dangerous to feed fur animals with the waste from poultry slaughter. Other feeds and drinking water contaminated by pasteurellosis are also important sources of pollution.

The route of infection is through the digestive tract, respiratory tract and damaged skin mucosa. Fox farm has no obvious seasonality, which is frequent in spring, summer and autumn, and rare in winter. All the factors that lead to the decline of the body's resistance are the causes of disease.

2. The clinical symptoms of this disease are mostly acute. The general course of disease 12 ~ 72 hours, and individual cases last for 5 ~ 6 days. The mortality rate is 30% ~ 90%. Silver black fox suddenly became ill, with loss of appetite, listlessness, swaying body, vomiting and diarrhea, and blood and mucous membranes in feces. Lose weight quickly and lose weight. When the nervous system is invaded, accompanied by spasms and high contraction chewing, the nerves are highly nervous and die. The heart rate and respiratory rate increased, and the body temperature fluctuated between 40.8℃ and 465438 0.5℃.

3. Pre-diagnosis should be made according to epidemiological and clinical symptoms, and bacteriological examination must be carried out when the diagnosis is made. Clinically, it is different from paratyphoid fever, severe plague, Alzheimer's disease and botulism.

4. Treat and improve feeding management, eliminate suspicious feed, feed fresh and digestible feed, such as fresh liver, milk, eggs, etc., to improve the body's resistance. The specific treatment method is to inject monovalent or multivalent serum with high immunity to pasteurellosis in livestock. The amount of serum injected subcutaneously into adult foxes was 20 ~ 30 ml, and that of young foxes aged 0 ~ 3 months was 65,438+00 ~ 65,438+05 ml. Antibiotics and sulfonamides are also effective in symptomatic treatment. Penicillin 2.5 ~ 65438+ 10,000 units per kilogram of body weight, streptomycin 30,000 units per kilogram of body weight, oxytetracycline 25,000 units per kilogram of body weight, intramuscular injection 2 ~ 3 times a day for 7 days.

5. Control measures should strictly check feed, especially poultry by-products. Once found, it must be resolutely eliminated, and suspicious ones should be cooked and fed. Disinfect regularly to prevent chickens and pigs from entering the market. Specific vaccination should be given to foxes in epidemic areas. When the disease occurs, remove the suspicious feed in time and replace it with fresh feed. Immediately isolate and treat sick foxes and suspicious foxes. Contaminated cages and utensils should be strictly disinfected on site. After death, the body should be buried or burned.

(5) Anthracnose

Anthrax is an acute, febrile and septic infectious disease of foxes caused by Bacillus anthracis. It is characterized by splenomegaly and serous hemorrhagic infiltration of skin and subserous connective tissue. The pathogen, like the pathogens of livestock and humans, is Bacillus anthracis. This kind of bacteria is a big Bacillus among pathogenic bacteria, and its resistance is not strong. 75℃ 1 min can kill, and general disinfectants can kill quickly. However, Bacillus can survive in soil for more than 10 years after sporulation. Dry at 140℃ for 3 hours, boil at 10 ~ 15 minutes, and kill at10℃ for 5 ~ 10 minutes.

1. Epidemiology Except cats and dogs, all mammals are susceptible. Silver black fox and arctic fox are not easy to feel.

The source of infection is a corpse that died of anthrax, and it became ill after being swallowed by a fox. Blood-sucking insects and wild birds that die from contact with anthrax animal carcasses sometimes become vectors of infection.

The disease has no seasonality and can occur all year round, especially in summer fox. If meat feed is used to invade, it can sweep the fox farm in a short time and kill a lot in 2 ~ 3 days. If no extinguishing measures are taken, it can spread in fox farms for a long time, causing huge economic losses.

2. Clinical symptoms Foxes have a long course of disease, usually 1 ~ 2 days and nights, while other fur animals have a short course of disease, ranging from 20 to 30 minutes to 2 to 3 hours. Symptoms include elevated body temperature, shallow and rapid breathing, unsteady gait, increased water intake, loss of appetite, diarrhea, blood clots and bubbles in feces, and soy sauce-colored blood bubbles often flowing out of anus and nostrils. Cough, dyspnea, convulsion. Throat edema usually leads to complete death.

3. Pathological anatomy changes The corpse suspected of anthrax should not be dissected at will, otherwise it will spread easily, resulting in the death of people, animals and other foxes. When autopsy is needed after diagnosis, strict protection and disinfection measures must be taken according to the specific situation.

Typical changes in autopsy, good nutritional status, rigor mortis, soy sauce-colored blood sample foam flowing out of the natural hole. Visible mucosa blue purple, corpse swelling, high edema, throat lymph node bleeding, throat swelling. Visceral organs are highly septic.

4. Diagnosis According to clinical symptoms and pathological changes, a preliminary diagnosis can be made. After the diagnosis, the diseased materials must be sent to the laboratory for bacteriological and serological examination (bacteriological examination cannot be carried out when the bacterial examination materials are corrupt and the skin is swollen).

The anthrax of arctic fox and silver fox is similar to paratyphoid fever, but paratyphoid fever mainly occurs in two-month-old foxes, and there is no edema in throat and head and neck.

4. Anti-anthrax serum can be used for special treatment. The adult dose of silver black fox and arctic fox is 20 ~ 30 ml, and that of young fox is 10 ~ 15 ml. 200,000 to 300,000 units of antibiotics penicillin, silver black fox and arctic fox.

5. Control measures Strictly check the meat feed, especially the livestock slaughtered in an emergency. When anthrax occurred in the fox farm, the fox farm was blocked until the last case died and there was no death in 15 days. Isolate sick foxes from suspicious foxes. Bodies can't be skinned and burned. Cages contaminated by diseased foxes should be disinfected with blowtorch flame or thoroughly disinfected with 20% bleaching powder solution. Disinfect the ground with 1 part bleaching powder and 3 parts soil, then remove the ground together with bleaching powder and bury it deeply. Breeders strictly abide by the protection system to prevent infection.

(6) leptospirosis

Leptospirosis, also known as hemorrhagic jaundice, is an infectious disease characterized by short-term fever, jaundice, hematuria, anemia, mucosal necrosis and emaciation. The pathogen is leptospira, which is sensitive to sunlight, dryness, high temperature and common disinfectants. If heated at 50 ~ 60℃ for 3 ~ 10 min, it can be killed.

1. Epidemiology Leptospira argentea often occurs locally, with a mortality rate of 90% ~ 100%. Under natural conditions, silver black fox and arctic fox are prone to this disease. The source of infection is rodents, especially rodents, and domestic animals, especially pigs. Because the symptoms of leptospirosis in pigs are mild, most of them are recessive infections, which carry bacteria for a long time and are constantly discharged, polluting the environment. Leptospira is excreted from the urine of infected animals, carnivores for more than 500 days, domestic animals 120 days. Foxes eat contaminated feed and drinking water, or directly eat the meat or organs of sick livestock, causing local epidemics and high mortality. The route of infection is mainly the digestive tract, but also through damaged skin and mucosa. This disease usually occurs in July ~10. Its epidemic feature is that a large number of foxes recede within 5 ~ 10 days after onset, and reappear after 5 ~ 10 days. Generally does not affect the entire Fox Group. Most foxes will develop strong immunity after mild treatment, so they will not be infected again.

2. Clinical symptoms are mainly divided into three types: hyperacute, acute and chronic. Ultra-acute occurred in the early stage of local epidemic. The sick fox suddenly refuses to eat, vomits, has diarrhea, is listless, and its heartbeat is accelerated, reaching 105 ~ 180 times per minute, and its breathing is accelerated, 70 ~ 80 times per minute. Jaundice rarely occurs. 12 ~ 24 hours later, he foamed at the mouth and twitched and died. No recovered cases.

During the acute attack, the sick fox suddenly lost appetite and vomited and diarrhea. Lying for a long time, thin body, depressed mood, walking slowly. There is obvious jaundice. Anal sphincter relaxation. Frequent micturition, urgent micturition, yellow-red urine color. Frequent deaths are accompanied by spasmodic contractions of the muscles of the back, neck and limbs. Strong salivation, foam-like liquid around the lips, and finally suffocation and death, the course of disease lasted for 2 ~ 3 days, and rarely recovered.

Chronic cases are mostly transformed from acute and subacute. Symptoms such as progressive emaciation, weakness, anemia and regular diarrhea appear when appetite is normal. After 2 ~ 3 months, he died in the case of obvious failure.

3. The diagnosis symptoms of ultra-acute and acute cases of this disease are obvious, and it is not difficult to make a diagnosis by combining epidemiology, but further diagnosis is needed in the laboratory. Differential diagnosis of this disease from salmonella and pasteurellosis. The remarkable feature of this disease is jaundice, and the body temperature has not changed much during the whole course. The local outbreak occurred at 7 ~ 10, which was seasonal. Finally, combined with laboratory diagnosis, differential diagnosis can be made.

4. At the initial stage of treatment, specific treatment with anti-leptospira serum can achieve good results, generally 1 time, and 2 ~ 3 injections can be given for individual cases without improvement. The dosage of serum injected subcutaneously: adult silver fox and arctic fox 25 ~ 30ml,15ml for young fox of 3 ~ 6 months old, 10ml for fox of 3 ~ 6 months old.

Recommended drugs for symptomatic treatment: laxatives, cardiotonic agents, intravenous injection of glucose solution, intramuscular injection of streptomycin, etc.

5. Control measures Strictly control feed quality and conduct strict inspection on all meat.

Found suspicious feed cooked after feeding. Water is safe, drinking utensils should be washed and disinfected every five days to prevent rodents from polluting feed and water sources, and rodents should be killed and disinfected regularly. Sick animals should be resolutely isolated and eliminated, and they should not be put into the fox farm halfway.

(7) Gardnerella vaginalis in foxes

Gardner's disease is a bacterial infectious disease of human, livestock and fur animals found in China in recent years. Foxes, raccoons and other fur animals are prone to this disease, which has caused great harm to the fox industry.

1. Epidemiology The disease was not recorded in China's aquaculture industry in the past. It was brought in when foxes were introduced from abroad in recent years, and its pathogen was Gardnerella. At present, it is widely popular in fox farms all over China, which is extremely harmful. The popular route is mainly through the mating of foxes. It can also be spread by contact, such as through fox farmers' tools (fox catching pliers, gloves, etc. ) and tableware. Feed and drinking water contaminated by urine and feces of sick animals are also one of the transmission routes.

2. Clinical symptoms after Gardnerella infection. Silver fox and Arctic fox mainly cause urogenital symptoms. The female fox has symptoms such as vaginitis, cervicitis, metritis, ovarian cyst, perirenal abscess, etc., which causes empty pregnancy and miscarriage. Severe symptoms are loss of appetite and depression, and the fox is lying in the corner of the cage. Its typical features are hematuria, late body temperature rise, liver degeneration, yellow staining, renal enlargement, and finally death due to sepsis.

3. The diagnosis can be based on epidemiology and clinical symptoms. The disease has obvious seasonality, which mostly occurs in the spring sexual excitement period. The incidence of adult foxes is higher than that of young foxes. Male foxes get sick, causing dermatitis and prostatitis. It is characterized by loss of appetite, emaciation, decreased libido or loss of mating ability, and some male foxes have orchitis and arthritis.

4. Chloramphenicol, erythromycin and ampicillin can be used to prevent and treat the disease. Chloramphenicol 1 tablet three times a day, continuous administration 12 days. In order to prevent drug resistance, we can stop feeding 1 day.

In order to prevent this disease, foxes must be quarantined when they are introduced from outside. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen feeding management and improve the disease resistance of foxes. The best way is to inoculate Gardnerella vaccine, that is, each fox with negative quarantine is injected intramuscular 1ml, which is produced by the Institute of Specialty Products of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the immunization period is 6 months. It should be noted that the fox with positive quarantine has been infected with Gardnerella disease, and vaccination is ineffective at this time, because the injected vaccine will be neutralized by antibodies in the sick fox. If foxes infected with this disease need to be used as seeds, they need to be treated with drugs, that is, chloramphenicol 12 days to kill Gardnerella in the body. After 1 month, the autoantibodies disappear and then the vaccine is injected.