Generally 1 species.
Strawberries are suitable for planting in sunny and hydrophobic soil. The soil depth is about 8- 10 inch.
2。 For large strawberries, the row spacing should be 12 inch and the plant spacing should be about 18 inch.
It is necessary to remove the vines of the plants in time to facilitate strawberry fruit. Strawberry production is cyclical, so it is best to cultivate some new plants a few years before planting.
3。 If you don't like strawberry management, you can plant a strawberry every 18-24 inches to make strawberries bloom everywhere.
Of course it will be a little messy, and the strawberries are not big. If you want to avoid this situation, you can remove some vines appropriately.
4。 In autumn, plants should be covered with a layer of soil to prevent frost.
After the soil freezes, you can sprinkle 3-4 inches of hay on the plants. The next spring, when new leaves grow, they are moved to hay.
When the weather is warm and stable, remove the mulch from the plant surface. But leave some hay between rows to prevent weeds from growing and keep soil moisture.
2. What is the common sense of growing strawberries?
Common planting
1。 Strawberries are suitable for planting in sunny and hydrophobic soil. The soil depth is about 8- 10 inch.
2。 For large strawberries, the row spacing should be 12 inch and the plant spacing should be about 18 inch. It is necessary to remove the vines of the plants in time to facilitate strawberry fruit. Strawberry production is cyclical, so it is best to cultivate some new plants a few years before planting.
3。 If you don't like strawberry management, you can plant a strawberry every 18-24 inches to make strawberries bloom everywhere. Of course it will be a little messy, and the strawberries are not big. If you want to avoid this situation, you can remove some vines appropriately.
4。 In autumn, plants should be covered with a layer of soil to prevent frost. After the soil freezes, you can sprinkle 3-4 inches of hay on the plants. The next spring, when new leaves grow, they are moved to hay. When the weather is warm and stable, remove the mulch from the plant surface. But leave some hay between rows to prevent weeds from growing and keep soil moisture.
3. Knowledge about strawberries
There are a lot of spots on the leaves, so we must first determine why it will happen.
The following are several diseases that may cause macular degeneration. 1. strawberry brown ring spot 1. Distribution damage strawberry brown ring spot is widely distributed all over the world, and it is also very common in various strawberry producing areas in China, and the disease is serious in some areas.
It mainly harms leaves, and fruit stalks, petioles, stolons and berries can also be infected. 2. The pathogens and symptoms are Hemiptera, Coccidoidea, Phomophilum (Phomophilum) fungi (Ell et ev. ), Rhizoctonia fungi (Ell et ev. H.W. Anderson is its synonym, and its conidia are light brown and spherical.
At first, the damaged leaves appear reddish-brown spots, and gradually expand into round or nearly oval spots, with brown round spots at the center, purple-brown outside the round spots and purple-red at the outermost edge. The boundary between disease and health is obvious, and brown spots (pathogen conidia) can be formed on the diseased spots in the later stage, which are mostly arranged in irregular wheels. When several lesions fuse together, a large area of leaf tissue will die.
When the lesion occurs at the leaf tip and vein, the leaf tissue often dies in a "V" shape, also known as strawberry "V" brown spot disease. 3. The law of the disease is that hyphae and conidia overwinter in the soil left by diseased leaf tissues or diseased residues, and become the source of infection at the beginning of next year.
The overwintering pathogen produced a large number of conidia in June and July of the following year, which were splashed into the air by rain for initial infection, and the diseased part continued to produce conidia for repeated reinfection, so that the disease gradually spread and expanded. In the high temperature period from the second half of the rainy season to September, especially in the high temperature and high humidity season of 25~30℃, the susceptible varieties such as flat border irrigation and continuous cropping, Lihong Dana and so on are seriously ill.
4. The control method (1) selected resistant varieties such as Xin Xing, Huadong No.5 and 10. (2) Before planting, the diseased leaves of the seedlings were removed and burned, and the seedlings were soaked in 500 times of 70% thiophanate methyl for 20 minutes. Planting the medicine after it is dry can reduce the source of the disease in the next year.
(3) Spraying 200 times of 2% Nongkang 120 aqueous solution, 800 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 500 times of 40% polysulfide suspension, or 200 times of 27% high-fat emulsion mixed with 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder every day. 2. Strawberry bacterial leaf spot 1. Bacterial leaf spot disease of strawberry was first discovered in Minnesota, USA, and now it has occurred in other parts of the United States and Australia, Venezuela, Italy, New Zealand, Brazil, Greece and other places.
It mainly harms leaves, fruit stalks, calyx and stolons. 2. Pathogens and symptoms Strawberry bacterial leaf spot, also known as strawberry angular spot and strawberry angular spot, is caused by Xanthomonas strawberry.
Xanthomonas belongs to Xanthomonas strawberry and belongs to bacteria. At the initial infection, irregular reddish-brown spots appear on the lower surface of leaves, and the spots are angular after expansion, also known as angular leaf spot or angular leaf spot.
The lesion is transparent when illuminated, but dark green when viewed in reflected light. The lesions gradually expanded and merged into a whole, and gradually became reddish brown and dry; When the humidity is high, bacterial pus can be seen on the back of the leaves, and it forms a film under dry conditions. Lesions are often located at the tip or edge of leaves, and leaves often shrink and break after onset.
In severe cases, the growing point of the plant will turn black and die. 3. With the introduction of strawberry propagation materials, the disease spread rapidly.
Pathogens overwinter in seeds, soil and diseased bodies. When seeds with bacteria are sown, young buds will infect underground, so that seedlings cannot be unearthed. Although some can be unearthed, they died soon after being unearthed.
In the field, leaf edge wounds or water holes caused by irrigation water, rain, pests or agricultural operations invade and spread diseases. The pathogen first invades a few parenchyma cells, and then enters the vascular bundle to spread up and down.
The optimum temperature for onset is 25~30℃, especially for patients with high temperature, rainy or continuous cropping, low terrain, excessive irrigation, poor drainage, man-made trauma or insect injury. 4. Control methods (1) pass quarantine to prevent the spread of diseases.
(2) Remove dead branches and diseased leaves. (3) Reduce man-made trauma and prevent insects in time.
(4) Before planting, disinfect each hectare with 50% thiram wettable powder11.25kg or 40% seed dressing powder150kg water and1.500kg fine soil. (5) Strengthen management, irrigate with small water frequently at seedling stage, reduce soil temperature, and drain water in time after rain to prevent soil from getting too wet.
(6) Spraying 200 times of Du Rui aluminum-copper solution, or 200 times of 2% Nong Kang 120 aqueous solution, or 3000-4000 times of 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate wettable powder, or 500 times of 30% basic copper sulfate suspension, and continuing to control 1 0 every 7-/0 days. Stop taking medicine 3 days before harvest.
3. Strawberry brown spot 1. Distribution is harmful to strawberry brown spot, also known as strawberry brown spot. It occurs in some strawberry producing areas such as Shenzhen in China, mainly damaging leaves.
2. Pathogens and symptoms of strawberry root nodule aphid. It's called strawberry umbrella, belonging to subfamily fungi.
Dark purple-brown polygonal spots appear at the initial infection of leaves, and turn into grayish brown after expansion, with dark edge color, and sometimes there are ring marks on the later spots, and the diameter of the spots is about 5 mm. Pathogenic law: Pathogenic bacteria overwinter on diseased strawberries as conidia, and conidia will be produced after rain in the next spring, which will spread infection and reinfection through rain and irrigation water for many times. In May-June, the disease was serious, especially the American variety 6.
4. Control methods (1) Select disease-resistant varieties, such as Baojiao Zaosheng, Xinxing and All-Star. (2) Before planting, remove the diseased leaves of the seedlings, soak the seedlings 15~20 minutes with 70% Duoling 500 times solution, and then take them out to dry and plant them.
(3) At the initial stage of the disease, spray 1 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800 times, or 40% polysulfide suspension 500 times, or 75% chlorothalonil 600 times, or 500 times, or spray 1 2 times every 5~7 days. Stop taking medicine 3 days before harvest.
4. Strawberry leaf blight 1. Strawberry leaf blight, also known as purple spot and scorch spot, is widespread in China. It mainly attacks leaves, which is one of the common diseases of strawberry leaves, sometimes quite serious, and petioles and fruit stalks can also be infected with symptoms.
2. The pathogen and symptom pathogen is Masonna Potentiallae (de * * * Azieres) Magn, and the sexual phase is diplocopon Earliana(ellet ev). ) Wolf, belonging to Ascomycetes subfamily, acervulus scattered or gathered on leaves. Leaf blight mainly occurs in spring and autumn.
Have you learned some tips on growing strawberries at home?
Cultivation techniques of potted strawberry;
1. Pot soil preparation: select high-quality garden soil, humus soil and organic fertilizer, and mix them according to the ratio of 3: 1: 1 for later use. Do not use soil for planting strawberries in preparation to prevent the occurrence of continuous cropping diseases.
2. Heel interpolation: In the middle and late August, select robust seedlings and insert heels in small flowerpots. Strawberry seedlings require three leaves and one core, and the roots are developed. The cultivation depth should be shallow without exposing the roots, and deep without burying the heart. After planting, put it in the shade for about 5 days. After delaying the emergence of seedlings, keep the pot soil dry and wet in the sun, but not too dry, so as not to affect the growth.
3. Planting: 5438+1early October, planted in a flowerpot with a diameter of about 20 cm. First, use ceramic tiles as the bottom, take the culture soil and put it into the pot, and slightly compact it, the height of which is half that of the flowerpot. Take 3-4 strawberry seedlings, plant them with their backs bent outwards, and water them once after planting, which is convenient for delaying the seedlings.
4. Post-planting management: Water plays an important role in strawberry growth. After planting, the pot soil must be kept moist and not dry, so that plants can grow healthily with little water. When watering, water slowly from the lower part of the leaves to keep the leaves clean and beautiful.
5. Flower and fruit management: 65438 10 was sprayed with gibberellin once in late October to promote flower bud differentiation. Flowers and fruits should be thinned in time after budding. Remove small, rotten, diseased and deformed flowers and fruits, as well as lateral buds protruding from leaf axils, remove old and diseased leaves, and increase ventilation and light transmission.
5. Well, I want to check the knowledge of strawberries.
Strawberry (scientific name: Fragaria * ananassa Duch. ) is a perennial herb with a height of 10-40 cm. Stems below leaves or subequal, densely spreading, yellow pilose. Leaves trifoliate, leaflets short peduncle, thick texture, obovate or rhombic, dark green above, almost hairless, pale white-green below, sparsely hairy, dense along veins; Petiole densely spreading yellow pilose. Cymes, with a short-stalked leaflet below the inflorescence; Flower bisexual; Sepals ovate, slightly longer than accessory sepals; Petals are white, suborbicular or obovoid. Aggregate fruit is large, with persistent sepals standing upright and attached to the fruit; Achene apex ovoid, smooth. The flowering period is April-May and the fruiting period is June-July.
Strawberry is known as the "fruit queen" because of its rich nutritional value. It is rich in vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin PP, vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, carotene, tannic acid, aspartic acid, copper, strawberry amine, pectin, cellulose, folic acid, iron, calcium, ellagic acid and anthocyanin.
Especially the content of vitamin C is 7- 10 times higher than that of apples and grapes. The contents of malic acid, citric acid, vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, carotene, calcium, phosphorus and iron are also three to four times higher than those of apples, pears and grapes.
6.freshly picked strawberries
Hello!
You said strawberries would go bad at 20 degrees. Although freshly picked strawberries are very fresh, the shelf life of strawberries is very short, and they can only be stored in the refrigerator for 1-2 days. Therefore, it is recommended not to buy too much at once.
Tips for keeping strawberries fresh:
1. Choose fresh strawberries. The fresher strawberries are, the easier they are to preserve.
2. When picking strawberries, be careful not to collide, so as not to damage strawberry tissue.
Don't wash strawberries all at once, wash as much as you eat, and put the rest in the refrigerator.
4. Strawberries should be stored below 10 and above zero.
5. Strawberries can also be preserved by fresh quick freezing and frozen into frozen strawberries, which can be preserved for a long time.
6. It is best not to get wet when keeping strawberries fresh.
7. Types of strawberries
There is a kind called raspberry.
Raspberry is a deciduous shrub of Rubus in Rosaceae. It is a new fruit tree cultivated by transferring strawberry gene into wild raspberry through transgenic technology. Rich in nutrition, bright red color, sweet meat, fresh flavor and unique meat taste, it is known as the third generation of golden fruit.
It is impossible to have such transgenic shrubs in the mountains of your hometown. Generally speaking, strawberries belong to perennial herbs.
Related characteristics of raspberries are as follows:
1. According to the analysis of modern nutrition, raspberry is rich in vitamin C. Every 100g of raspberry contains 22 mg of iron and 60 mg of vitamin C. Compared with other fruits, the vitamin C content of raspberry is10 times higher than that of watermelon and 8 times higher than that of apple and pear. Because vitamin C is an ideal antioxidant and can prevent cancer, raspberries are called "cancer busters".
2. Raspberry is rich in SOD (Superoxide Dismutase) which can be absorbed by human body, so it is valued and recognized by more and more scientific and technological personnel and consumers. Rubus can replenish blood, strengthen kidney and stop nocturia. There is Wuzi Yanzong decoction in the famous prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, in which raspberry is used blindly, which is quite effective for male infertility caused by insufficient amount of * * * or low mobility.
3. Salicylic acid, organic phenolic acid and other substances are "natural aspirin". Long-term consumption of raspberry can effectively protect the heart and prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis of blood vessel wall and brittle rupture of cerebral vessels.
4. It contains cellulose and pectin, which is necessary for beauty and longevity; It has a good effect on lowering blood pressure and blood lipid (cholesterol);
5. Containing iron, it can replenish blood;
6. It contains strawberry amine, which is effective for leukemia;
7. Its anthocyanin content is also high, which has anti-aging effect;
8. In addition to the fruit, raspberries are the treasure of the whole body: roots, stems and leaves can be used as medicine in tea, which is flat in nature, can promote fluid production to quench thirst and relieve annoyance, and can also enrich blood, strengthen kidney and induce diuresis;
9. Rich in natural raspberry ketone, the weight loss effect is three times that of capsaicin. It has been widely used in slimming products in Japan.
Raspberry contains high content of natural tannic acid, which can resist carcinogen. After heating, freezing and concentrating, its effective components can still be retained. Therefore, raspberry deep-processed products are also effective foods for preventing cancer.
8. Strawberry planting techniques
First, choose varieties. Strawberries in greenhouse should choose varieties with short dormancy period and early flowering and fruiting in winter. Through years of production practice, Fengxiang has performed well in our office at present. Its large fruit shape, bright color and high sugar content are the main varieties planted in our town.
Second, choose land and apply fertilizer. It is advisable to choose sandy soil with good air permeability, convenient irrigation and drainage and fertile soil, and paddy field is the best in the previous crop, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases. Before planting, turn the soil 30 cm deep, and apply 3000-5000 kg of decomposed farm manure, high-quality cake fertilizer 100 kg, 50 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 30 kg of urea per mu. Strawberry is a fertilizer-loving crop with long fruiting period, so it is very important to apply sufficient base fertilizer. In the later stage, with the increase of fruit yield, topdressing or foliar spraying is needed.
Third, plant strong seedlings. In order to ensure the survival and high yield after planting, seedlings with no pests and diseases, short stems, short new roots and multiple petioles, and more than 4-6 normal leaves should be selected and transplanted in cloudy or sunny afternoons. In order to reduce leaf evaporation, excessive leaves are cut off before planting, leaving only 3-4 heart leaves per plant. Generally, it is planted from mid-September of 10 to early October of 10, which ripens in early February and ends at the end of June. If the temperature is too high and too early, the survival rate of seedlings will be easily affected, and the yield will be unstable if it is too late. Plant spacing 15cm * 30cm, and plant 8000- 10000 plants per mu. When planting, you should bring clods, so that the roots are not deeply buried and exposed. At the same time, the seedlings should be planted with the seeds, and they should be watered and permeable after planting. In the next 2-3 days, water 1 time and about 4 times to keep the soil moist, so as to improve the survival rate.
Fourth, cover the plastic film in time and buckle the shed. Plastic film mulching can prevent soil pollution to fruits after rain and improve the commodity value of fresh fruits. At the same time, it can reduce the humidity in the field, alleviate diseases and reduce the loss of rotten fruits. The plastic film mulching time should be165438+1early October, and it is suitable to cover when the daytime temperature is lower than 20℃. In order to prevent weeds from growing, it can be covered with opaque black plastic film. It is necessary to spread the plastic film on the seedlings in sunny days, press the opening of the seedlings, lift the seedlings onto the plastic film, and seal the opening and the bottom of the plants with fine soil. When the temperature drops to about 10℃ at night (ending at about 10), the shed should be closed in time. At the initial stage of fastening the shed ring, the shed temperature should be controlled at 25-30℃ during the day and above 10℃ at night. After budding, the greenhouse temperature is about 25℃ during the day, not exceeding 30℃; From flowering to fruit ripening, the greenhouse temperature is 20-25℃ during the day and above 5℃ at night. After 65438+2 months in the shed, when the temperature drops below 5℃ at night, the shed film should be buckled in time. When the lowest temperature in the shed film is lower than 3℃, cover it with a straw curtain. Uncover the straw curtain and shed film at 8-9 am every day, and cover it at 16- 17 in the afternoon.
Fifth, auxiliary pollination at flowering stage. In order to improve the quality and yield of strawberries and reduce abnormal fruits, bee pollination or artificial pollination is needed. Put bees in the shed, usually 2 boxes per mu. Artificial pollination can be carried out with a small brush at 9- 10 every morning to improve the fruit setting rate. In addition, diseased fruits, old leaves, diseased leaves and redundant lateral buds and stolons should be removed frequently to reduce the consumption of nutrients and increase the weight of single fruit.
Six, pest control. The main diseases are gray mold and powdery mildew. Gray mold can be sprayed with 50% prochloraz 800 times or 50% chlorpheniramine WP 800 times. Powdery mildew is sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600-700 times or with 10% world high 2000 times. Insect pests mainly include aphids and red spiders, which can be controlled by pyrethrins, aphid lice, mites and other low-toxic and efficient pesticides. However, it is strictly prohibited to use it when harvesting fruits.