1. nosebleeds
Looking up when nosebleeds, not only can't stop nosebleeds, but it will cause nosebleeds to be inhaled into the mouth and respiratory tract. The correct way is to hold both sides of the nose with your fingers for 4 ~ 8 minutes, or to fill the nasal cavity with cotton balls soaked in ice water to stop bleeding. If these methods still can't stop the bleeding, you should go to the hospital at once.
be bright in the eye
Slightly drunk people can let them drink strong tea for diuresis and accelerate the excretion of alcohol. You can let people who are seriously drunk drink vinegar and press the root of your tongue with your fingers to induce vomiting, so as to reduce the absorption of alcohol. If the above treatment effect is not obvious, it should be sent to hospital for treatment.
3. heatstroke
Patients with mild or moderate heatstroke should quickly move to a cool and ventilated place to rest, take off or unbutton their clothes, wipe their bodies with cold towels, and quickly lower their body temperature. Can let heatstroke patients drink some cold salt water and cold salty drinks. If the patient is unconscious and has convulsions, he should be sent to the hospital immediately.
Get sunburned
When you go out in summer, you should take good protection, such as applying sunscreen and taking an umbrella. When the skin is red, swollen and painful in the hot sun, you can apply a cold towel to the affected area and apply some moisturizing cream appropriately. If there are blisters on your skin, don't prick them. Please seek medical treatment to avoid secondary infection.
Bee bite
Once you are stung by a bee in an outing, carefully pull out the remaining stinger, gently squeeze the wound, squeeze out the venom, and apply a little ammonia or soda water. If you are stung by a wasp, apply acetic acid water and venom. Local cold compress can relieve swelling and pain. If you have abnormal reactions such as nausea and dizziness, you should go to the hospital immediately.
6. When swimming, my calf cramps.
When calf cramps occur in the water, you should immediately go ashore, straighten your legs and sit down, grab your big toe with your hands and pull it back to massage the calf muscles. If you can't go ashore immediately, keep calm, hold your breath and do the above actions in the water.
7. I accidentally bit the thermometer and swallowed the mercury.
When the mercury in the thermometer is accidentally swallowed, it will combine with sulfhydryl-containing enzymes and protein in the body, which will affect its activity and lead to heavy metal poisoning. Although the mercury content in the thermometer is not much, it can also cause stomatitis and acute gastroenteritis after taking it, which is manifested as oral erosion, ulcer, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Drinking some egg white or milk after gargling can not only remove the residual mercury in the oral cavity, but also combine the protein in the egg white or milk with the swallowed mercury, thus protecting the gastric mucosa and reducing the absorption of mercury.
8. traumatic bleeding
① Small or superficial wounds should be washed with cold boiled water or clean tap water first, but do not remove coagulated blood clots. (2) Do not touch, press or pull out foreign bodies such as glass sheets and knives when they are inserted into the wound. You can squeeze the edges of both wounds together, wrap them with sterile gauze and bandage, and go to the hospital immediately.
(3) Collision, impact injury, subcutaneous hemorrhage, swelling and pain can be covered with sterile gauze or clean towel, and cold-packed with ice packs for half an hour, and then pressure-packed to relieve pain and swelling. People who are seriously injured should go to the hospital.
(4) When the wound bleeds, cover the wound with a clean towel or sterile gauze, compress 10 ~ 20 minutes to stop bleeding, and then bandage it with pressure to stop bleeding, and send it to the hospital as appropriate.
9. Knife cutting
(1) If the wound is small, bleeding is not much, the wound is clean, and the injured finger can still flex, medical iodine can be used to disinfect the wound.
And covering the wound with sterile gauze or band-aid after drying.
(2) If the wound is large and deep, it should be compressed to stop bleeding and go to the hospital for treatment immediately.
③ If the finger is unfortunately cut off, the injured finger should be lifted immediately, and then the wound should be directly bandaged with clean gauze to stop bleeding. If blood still flows out, a tourniquet (which can be replaced by a general cleaning rope) can be tightly wound around the finger root to stop bleeding, and the severed finger is wrapped with sterile cloth and put in a clean plastic bag. Unless the severed finger is particularly polluted, generally do not wash it yourself, and do not soak the severed finger with any liquid. Go to the hospital for treatment immediately.
10. Burn
In case of scald, immediately wash the scalded area with cold water or apply cold compress for about 15 minutes to relieve the pain and the degree of scald. Don't give medicine to the wound without authorization, and you can't treat the wound with local methods such as soy sauce and vegetable oil. If there is a blister on the burn, don't puncture it, but cover it with clean gauze and go to the hospital for treatment.
1 1.
After the fracture is diagnosed, the injured limb (finger) must be fixed before being sent to the hospital, otherwise the abnormal activity of the broken end will aggravate the injury. According to local conditions, temporary splint fixation can be made with wooden boards, sticks, branches, bamboo poles and magazines. Without the above materials, the upper limb can be fixed on the trunk and the lower limb can be fixed on the contralateral healthy limb.
12. Pneumothorax
Some people, especially the elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, will have pneumothorax after coughing hard, strenuous exercise or laughing, and chest pain will be aggravated when inhaling deeply, which will radiate to the shoulders and back. In severe cases, there will be emergencies such as dyspnea and blood pressure drop. In this case, it is forbidden to pat the back and move the patient to avoid aggravating pneumothorax. Patients should be allowed to take a semi-recumbent position. If there is oxygen at home, they should take it immediately and call an ambulance.
13. Confiscation
Before the ambulance arrives, you can turn the patient's head to one side to prevent the vomit from choking. Then, find a metal spoon or toothbrush and other things that are not easy to bite between his upper and lower teeth to prevent his tongue from biting. For adults, it is best to wrap a towel or handkerchief around something hard to avoid biting off teeth.
14. Cat and dog bites
Some people are bitten by animals, leaving only teeth marks or claw marks on their bodies, thinking that there is no need to deal with them without wounds. This is actually very dangerous. Because tooth marks or claw marks may cause invisible skin damage, rabies virus may also invade from the wound.
Vaccination should be early and sufficient. Patients must be vaccinated on the day of being bitten, and on the 3rd, 7th,14th and 30th day after being bitten. Be sure to inject it into the deltoid muscle of the upper arm or the inner thigh, not into the buttocks, so as not to affect the vaccine effect. Venous blood should be taken for antibody detection 10 day after the whole injection. If the antibody titer reaches or exceeds the standard of 3 units/ml, it means that the immune effect has been achieved. If it is below the standard, the number of inoculation needles should be appropriately increased to ensure the disease prevention effect.
Model essay encyclopedia > civilized etiquette > common sense of life > correct first aid method text (2)
Correct first aid methods (2)
Fenfen.com Life Tips Editor: Lu Yumei Published: 2017-04-14 06: 52: 30.
15. Accidental use of rodenticide
The toxic components of rodenticide are different, and the clinical manifestations after taking it by mistake are also different, such as stomach discomfort, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions and so on. In severe cases, coma may occur. Drinking water dilution, vomiting and other methods are difficult to work, so it is the best policy to send the hospital for emergency gastric lavage or symptomatic treatment.
16. Ankle sprain
After spraining your ankle, don't continue to walk, and don't rub or rotate the injured joint to avoid further aggravating the injury. should do
Immediately apply a cold towel or ice cube to the affected area, which will help to reduce swelling, relieve pain and relieve muscle spasm. After 24 hours, it can be changed to hot compress. If internal bleeding is suspected, it is best to use elastic bandage for pressure dressing, but not too tight, so as not to interfere with the blood circulation below the dressing site. If a fracture is suspected, it is best to fix the injured ankle with a splint or a nearby wooden stick and go to the hospital as soon as possible.
17. Respiratory arrest (artificial respiration)
First, let the patient lie on his back and tilt his head backwards to ensure the airway is unobstructed. If there are blood clots, vomit, dentures and other foreign bodies in the mouth, they should be taken out as soon as possible. Then artificial respiration: the rescuer takes a deep breath first, then holds the patient's nose and blows him mouth-to-mouth like a balloon, taking care not to leak. Blow air every 5 seconds and repeat. When the mouth can't be opened or there is serious trauma in the mouth, air can be sent from the nostril for artificial respiration.
Cardiac arrest (chest compression)
Let the patient lie on a hard bed or flat ground and unbutton his coat. The rescuer puts the palm root of one hand on the lower third of his sternum and presses the other hand on the back of his hand. The rescuer keeps his arms vertical and keeps pressing down the weight of his upper body at a frequency of about 70 times per minute. When pressing, the intensity should be moderate, and the sternum should sink 3 ~ 5 cm at a time. Note that the palm of your hand should never leave the pressing part.
No heartbeat, no breathing (CPR)
After breathing and heartbeat stop, the brain will be deprived of oxygen soon, and half of the brain cells will be damaged within 4 minutes. If CPR is performed after more than 5 minutes, only 1/4 people can be saved.
When performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation, firstly, the heart inside the left nipple of the patient's chest beats rhythmically for 2 ~ 3 times, and the fist is 20 ~ 30 cm away from the chest to master the percussion strength. If the pulse still does not recover, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation should be done four times in a row immediately, and then chest compressions should be performed. When a person performs cardiopulmonary resuscitation, he/she performs 15 cardiac compressions, and then performs artificial respiration. When two people cooperate with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, they first do artificial respiration for four times, then one person stops after five consecutive heart compressions, and the other person does artificial respiration.
18. Gas poisoning
In case of gas leakage, the correct way is to turn off the gas immediately and open the window for ventilation. Rescuers should breathe fully before entering the gas-filled room, and then cover their nose and mouth with a wet towel or handkerchief to prevent themselves from poisoning. Don't turn on the light, ring the bell, make a phone call or use lighters or matches before the gas is exhausted, so as not to cause an explosion. Then, move the poisoned person to a ventilated place and loosen the collar and belt of the poisoned person. Observe their consciousness, heartbeat and breathing. If there is no heartbeat or breathing, give artificial respiration and chest compressions immediately; If there is still heartbeat and breathing, you should immediately call the emergency number and send it to the hospital for hyperbaric oxygen treatment to avoid sequelae.
19. Flooding
When rescuing drowning people, lifebuoys, balls or boards must be used. Besides full-time lifeguards, even swimmers should not approach drowning people with their bare hands. After the drowning person is rescued, his breathing and heartbeat should be checked immediately. If breathing stops, artificial respiration should be performed immediately. First, blow four times continuously from mouth to mouth, and observe whether spontaneous breathing can be resumed within five seconds. If there is no response, artificial respiration should be continued until spontaneous respiration can be resumed. If the drowning person has no breathing or heartbeat, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be implemented immediately. If the drowning person drinks a lot of water, when he is conscious, he can put his knee against his back, hold his upper abdomen with one hand and open his mouth with the other, or the rescuer kneels on one leg and let the drowning person spit on his knee face down.
20. Foreign body in airway (choking, embarrassment and fear are typical symptoms of foreign body in airway).
Save yourself:
1 cough hard. Take a breath first, then cough with all your strength, and sometimes you can cough up foreign bodies from the airway. ② Abdominal fist impact method. The protruding point of the right thumb joint abuts against the upper abdomen, which is equivalent to the midline of the abdomen between the xiphoid process and the navel. Hold your right hand tightly with your left hand, and then impact inward 4 ~ 6 times in a row.
Mutual rescue:
The rescuer stands on the patient's side back, with one hand on the patient's chest and the root of the other hand aimed at the patient's scapular spine, and slaps it continuously for 4 ~ 6 times.
Infant first aid:
Let the child lie astride the forearms of the rescuer, with the head lower than the trunk, the arm on the thigh, and pat the child's scapula 4 ~ 6 times with the root of the other palm.
2 1. Cervical spine injury
If the injured person is suspected to have cervical spine injury, he should be lifted horizontally to a stretcher, and the head should be fixed by special personnel, and the neck brace should be put on. When there is no neck brace at this moment, sandbags or clothes should be put on both sides of the wounded neck to prevent the head from twisting or buckling from aggravating the cervical spine injury.
22. Spinal fracture
3 ~ 4 people hold the head, shoulders, hips and lower limbs on the same side of the wounded at the same time, hold the wounded flat, lie flat on the board and fix them with bandages. The injured person had better take a prone position and put a soft pillow on his chest and abdomen. Is it forbidden to use? Move your head and feet? It is also forbidden to lift or lift the injured, and it is also forbidden to carry them on ordinary soft stretchers.
23. Brain injury
If the injured person is seriously injured and unconscious, the rescuer should immediately remove vomit and blood clots from his mouth, turn his head to one side and pull out his tongue to prevent suffocation. When blood flows out along the nasal cavity and ear canal, don't block it with cotton balls, gauze or other objects. Need to be reminded that sometimes, people accidentally fall down and the occipital bone hits the ground. On the surface, there is no local skin lesion, but the skull base has been fractured. After skull base fracture, the injured will soon have serious symptoms such as dyspnea, nausea, vomiting and coma due to intracranial hemorrhage. Therefore, when the head is hit, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, otorhinorrhea, you should seek medical attention immediately.
24. get an electric shock
When someone gets an electric shock, it is imperative to find the switch as soon as possible and cut off the power supply. If you can't find the power supply for the time being, you can find an insulated thing nearby, such as a wooden stick or a plastic pipe, connect the contact of the electric shock person with the power supply, and then check the reaction of the electric shock person. If it is found that he has lost his heartbeat and breathing, he should immediately give artificial respiration and chest compressions on the spot, and let others call the emergency number.