The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made an incisive summary of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's road: "one unity" and "four systems". "Unification" means adhering to the organic unity of the Party's leadership, the people being the masters of the country and governing the country according to law. Energy conservation and emission reduction must also be incorporated into the national laws and regulations system.

Germany is one of the countries with the most perfect legal framework for energy conservation and emission reduction in Europe. German garbage disposal law was first promulgated in 1972. Japan promulgated and implemented the Energy Conservation Law as early as 1979, and then revised it several times, the most recent being in 2006. The law has made strict provisions on energy consumption standards, with clear rewards and punishments.

The United States is the country with the largest energy consumption and pollutant emission in the world. American laws and regulations have strict and detailed restrictions on energy consumption and pollution standards. Any enterprise violates the rules, enterprises and government law enforcement departments will face enormous social pressure. If an enterprise is convicted of violating the laws and regulations on energy conservation and clean energy, the punishment will be very severe, and it will either close down or assume the responsibility of cleaning up pollution all the year round.

Therefore, we should speed up the establishment and improvement of laws and regulations on energy conservation and emission reduction, so that energy consumption and waste disposal can be strictly enforced, and "the cost of obeying the law cannot be greater than the cost of violating the law".

2. To strengthen the system construction, it is necessary to make specific provisions and pay close attention to implementation.

In order to effectively implement the relevant laws and regulations on energy conservation and emission reduction, and achieve the corresponding goals proposed by them, European and American governments have successively introduced various systems, which have made the implementation of relevant laws and regulations on energy conservation and emission reduction concrete and achieved tangible results.

Specifically, there are three aspects: first, enterprises with different total energy consumption are classified into different management systems, that is, energy users are classified according to the amount of energy consumption, and different consumption reduction standards are stipulated; The second is to implement the "energy saving and emission reduction manager system" for enterprise energy saving and emission reduction managers, and the state uniformly recognizes the qualifications of energy saving and emission reduction managers and strengthens the training of energy saving and emission reduction managers; Third, mandatory energy efficiency labeling system should be implemented for energy-consuming products (such as household appliances), and all commercial houses should specify energy consumption and energy-saving measures in sales contracts and other documents to form an internal power mechanism of enterprises.

3. Use market mechanism

In order to promote energy conservation and emission reduction, European and American countries pay attention to making full use of market mechanisms, whether they implement mandatory policies or induced policies. In other words, European and American countries have made great progress in energy conservation and emission reduction, which is the result of the coordination of their government policies and market mechanisms.

For example, the fixed price method and the fixed output (proportion) method implemented by EU member countries have greatly promoted the development of renewable energy in the EU. The fixed electricity price method means that the state determines the on-grid price of renewable energy power generation (much higher than the price of fossil energy power generation), and the power generation is determined by the market. In these countries, countries usually sign 10 15 purchase agreements with renewable energy generators, and the prices are basically fixed during the agreement period, which effectively promotes the large-scale production of clean electricity and the pursuit of economies of scale by renewable energy generators.

Energy conservation and emission reduction work not only needs the promotion and support of the "visible hand" of the government, but also needs the cultivation and test of the "invisible hand" of the market.

It is suggested that the time-of-use electricity price method in Gu Feng should be improved, the price of small thermal power plants should be reduced, and the electricity price policy beneficial to flue gas desulfurization should be implemented. Encourage renewable energy to generate electricity, and use waste heat and pressure and urban garbage to generate electricity; Reasonably adjust the prices of raw water and all kinds of water, implement stepped water prices, and formulate price policies to support the development and utilization of reclaimed water, desalinated seawater and rainwater.

4. Develop circular economy

Circular economy is an economic operation mode with the goal of maximizing resource utilization and minimizing pollution discharge, which integrates clean production, recycling of production and domestic garbage, ecological balance and sustainable development. The biggest feature is resource saving and waste recycling, which can not only reduce the resource consumption per unit output as a means to realize generalized energy saving, but also prevent pollution from the source and the whole process and realize the minimization and harmlessness of waste discharge. It can be seen that developing circular economy is the most effective way to realize energy saving and emission reduction from the source.

Foreign developed countries have always had two levels of circulation:

One is the small circulation mode established at the enterprise level, which is to organize the material circulation between processes in the factory.

The other is the large-scale circular model established at the regional level, that is, the circular economy at the industrial park level. Connect different factories to form an industrial combination that enjoys resources and exchanges by-products, so that the waste gas, waste heat, waste water and waste residue produced by one enterprise can be recycled by itself and become the energy and raw materials of another enterprise.

Developing circular economy is a key point in rural areas of China. Combined with the construction of new socialist countryside and policy incentives, under the guidance of the government and technical personnel, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline and fishery industries can complement each other.

5. Relying on scientific and technological innovation

Scientific and technological innovation is an important guarantee for energy conservation and emission reduction. 1946 when the computer first came out, there were 8000 electron tubes, which were extremely huge. However, integrated circuit technology makes it thinner and cheaper. Energy conservation and emission reduction also need a lot of upfront investment and the combination of government support and market mechanism.

In recent years, under the guidance of policies, EU member states have developed a series of energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies.

6. Change our concept of life

We should always believe that China is a country with per capita resources far below the world average, so we should try our best to avoid villa construction, vigorously develop urban public transport and properly develop urban lighting projects.