As the name implies, cosplay is the abbreviation of English costume drama, the verb is cos, and people who play cosplay are generally called cosplayer. Generally speaking, the earliest Chinese translation of cosplay came from Taiwan Province Province, which means role-playing. But because this translation is the same as the role-playing game (rpg) in the game, in order to avoid the similarity, the author prefers another translation-dressing up. As far as today's cosplay is concerned, its form and content generally refer to the use of clothing, trinkets, props and makeup to play the roles in acg (animation, comics, games) or some roles in Japanese Vision Rock and movies. Thus, cosplay contains a vast space for its positioning. It can even be said that as long as there is cosplayer, this field is definitely the mainstream of teen pop culture today.
Cosplay originated from?
Speaking of the original origin of cosplay, it is generally believed that the birthplace of cosplay is in Japan. Of course, if it is based on the concept of cosplay in today's era, this can be said. But in a broad sense, the real birthplace of animated cosplay is definitely the United States in the western hemisphere, and even if we really want to discuss the original form of cosplay, the author can tell you without hesitation that cosplay first appeared in the centuries before the first year of AD! Because both the costumes of Greek sacrifices that existed around 1000 BC and the bard who co-authored two great Greek epics "Iliad" and "Odyssey" in the 8th century BC are actually playing the role of others. The former became the prophet and prophet of later generations, and successfully cosplayed the existence of the apostles, while the latter, like the originator of today's stage plays, cosplayed the deeds of those epic heroes. In fact, the meaning of cosplay's inclusion and dressing up is not only an external visualization, but more importantly, it should go deep into the hearts of cosplay people. Okay, let's get down to business. Next, let's talk about the real birthplace of cosplay-the United States.
Can American cosplay be molded?
Since the Jesuit priest athanasius kircher invented the "magic slide" in the17th century, the appearance of animation has become a necessity. In the following century, this kind of "magic slide" became popular in Europe. It was not until 19 that Walter Disney's "Charming Little Mouse" appeared in the late 1930s that the style of American animation was defined. It was also during this period that the first real cosplay with animated characters began to be staged. Yes, there is no doubt that the cute and funny Mickey Mouse is popular all over the United States and even the world. Walter Disney seized the opportunity to create the world's first Disneyland in 1955. At the same time, in order to promote the product itself and attract tourists better, Walter Disney specially invited employees to wear Mickey Mouse costumes for tourists to enjoy or take photos as a souvenir. Therefore, it can be said that this group of unknown "Mickey Mouse" players are the true ancestors of cosplayer all over the world in today's era. From this, we can also know that the original purpose of cosplay is still a commercial form, rather than popular consumption as it is now. There is actually a very important basis for taking the United States, or more accurately, Disney as the real birthplace of cosplay, that is, the professional production of cosplay clothes worn by Disney dressers at that time. Although in the current cosplay clothing, many of them are sewn by the dressers themselves. However, as the origin of cosplay, a standardized and systematic clothing production organization is needed.
At first, it was the prop department of Walter Disney Company that made cosplay costumes for those Disney characters, who were dressed as Mickey Mouse, Brutu, Gu Fei, Donald Duck and others in Disneyland. Shortly after the park was formally established, Walter Disney expanded the scale of the prop department. In addition to making props for film and television works, he is also responsible for all cosplay costumes needed for working in the park. Of course, these early so-called cosplay clothes are just a "big paper bag" with a fixed shape, which has no aesthetic feeling at all, and the finished products are relatively rough. It is easy to make the dresser breathe poorly after wearing this kind of clothes. But in any case, compared with that time, Disney's cosplay clothing production at this time has already had a certain scale.
Is Japan the founder of cosplay in the true sense today?
At the moment, Japan has set off a new cartoon craze in Japan because 1947 Osamu Tezuka, the god of comics, adapted the red book cartoon "New Treasure Island" from Sakai Seven Horses. As a result, the whole acg (animation, comics, games) market in Japan is booming, thus laying a solid foundation for truly establishing acg's position in Japan. At this time, Disney's cosplay was introduced to Japan and imitated by acg circles. As a result, it has become a trend and a normal activity in Japan's acg circle. The earliest Japanese cosplay appeared in the 30th year of Showa (AD 1955). At that time, the so-called cosplay was just a costume for children's playroom. The year I remember happened to be the year when Masked Moonlight and Young Jeter were broadcast in Japan, so many children were the protagonists of these two works at that time. Cosplay at this time is purely a toy between children, but it is still very particular about clothing, of course, the premise is to have money. At that time, there was no special cosplay clothing store in Japan. If children want to have the same clothes as the protagonist in the animation, they should first ask someone to draw the design drawings, and then go to the department store to ask someone to sew them. Today's famous game producer Hiroi Hiroi Hiroi, in an art street near his home, was asked by those artists to draw the costume design of cosplay when he was a child. This relatively rough situation lasted for nearly twenty years. It was not until 1970s and early 1980s that acg in Japan experienced a period of exploration and growth, and cosplay, as a subsidiary culture of acg, gradually got real development. It can be said that the concept of cosplay today is completely inherited from Japan at that time.
However, in 1980s, although Japanese cosplay developed in a higher age group and more groups, there was still no real pure cosplay activity. Cosplay at this time is more dependent on another peripheral culture brought by acg-fan club (whose works are called Fan Zhi). The word "Fanshi" originated in Japan and originally meant "a group of like-minded people jointly create their own literary works, which is called Fanshi". In other words, as long as like-minded friends combine their published literary works into a book, they will not be published by commercial publishing houses, but will be printed at their own expense and circulated among fellow friends, which can be called "Fan Zhi". Due to the prevalence of Japanese animation and video game culture at that time, many good popular works were very popular among fellow friends, and "adapting commercial works and writing comic fan stories in the form of rumor" gradually became the mainstream of the fan community. As a result, a large number of fan clubs have sprung up like mushrooms after rain, and in order to recruit members and promote themselves (the first fan club started in197565438+February, when it was just a small fan club with 32 organizations and more than 600 participants, it became a super-large fan club two or three times a year in the 1980s). As a result, this trend, like an explosion, quickly caused a trend among fellow friends, and the number of people joining the cosplay ranks increased rapidly. Later, the popularity was even comparable to the instant sales meeting of fans.
After the naivety in the 1960s and 1970s and the start-up in the 1980s, cosplay in the 1990s began to get on the right track with the rapid maturity of the game industry in Japan's acg industry (the most typical one is the next-generation model dispute between Nintendo, Sega and Sony) and the endless emergence of visual orchestras, and became a subsidiary culture of acg industry with a very large scale. In 1990s, acg industry in Japan successfully held a large number of animation exhibitions and game exhibitions. At this time, in order to promote their products, Japanese cartoonists and video game companies found some men and women to cosplay as acg characters at these game exhibitions and comic festivals to attract exhibitors. This move can be said to be exactly the same as when Walter Disney opened Disneyland. It can be seen that the key to the formation and development of cosplay lies in the commercialization of acg itself. It can be said that only by taking cosplay as a means of commercial promotion can cosplay itself be greatly developed and recognized.
How about cosplay in Chinese mainland, Taiwan Province and Hongkong?
Cosplay was introduced to China late. The earliest recorded cosplay in Taiwan Province Province was on1August 27th, 995, located on the first floor of Saga World in Kaohsiung. However, it was reported that the scale was not large at that time, and most of the characters were in video games. After that, in June 1996 65438+ 10/3, Taipei Baby Bear Restaurant held an autumn party by "Super Orange Group". Although widely publicized before the meeting, many people know it, but the scale is still very small. This situation lasted until mid-February, 1997, and three events were held in succession, and the number of cosplay people began to increase, thus forming the characteristics of cosplay circles in Taiwan Province Province. Since then, the number of cosplay activities in Taiwan Province Province has increased year by year, and the venue has also developed from the north to the south-central. This shows the popularity of cosplay activities in Taiwan Province Province.
Cosplay appeared in Hongkong before Taiwan Province Province. It is said that Hong Kong had its own cosplay as early as 1993. At that time, there were no fan clubs in Hong Kong. Generally speaking, fans will exhibit and sell through the venue of the annual art festival held in Hong Kong at that time. It was in that year (1993) that a fan organization named "400 feet" appeared in the venue wearing the uniform of the allied forces in Legend of the Galaxy, and they became the earliest cosplay in Hong Kong. In the same venue next year, they also played the role of allies, but this time they also brought another group of fan clubs called "uvrz" for role-playing. The female members of "uvrz" put on Japanese witch costumes and prayed for visitors with witch sticks. 1995 "400ft" starred in "Maneuver", while "uvrz" began to play some famous acg roles that year, such as You Jing in "Runing Horse 1/2" or Beludandi in "My Love". Since 1996, the "400ft" club has withdrawn from any cosplay, but at the same time, other fan clubs have begun to change their clothes one after another, which makes the number of cosplay circles in Hong Kong keep rising. Shortly after this, the first fan story charity sale in Hong Kong was jointly held by "uvrz", "Comic Baby" and "Fire Dog Workshop" (but it was also the only time, and there was no such performance in Hong Kong since then), which of course expanded cosplay's influence in Hong Kong again.
Because of its increasing influence year by year, the Hong Kong Comic Association began to hold the first comic exhibition which really belongs to comic fans from July 30th to August 3rd, 1998. At that time, the admission fee was 25 Hong Kong dollars. It is said that cosplay in this exhibition is the most popular one in history, and many people have played roles in battle games, such as Ba Shen and Cao. At that time, the winner of the first cosplay competition in Hong Kong-"Fun Fun Costume Competition" was a girl dressed as Dhritarastra in The Legend of Gods. Afterwards, se Corporation, tg Workshop and Hong Kong Art Supplies Professional Center held the first indoor sports cartoon world in Macpherson, Mong Kok on August 30th, 1998. For the first time, a "dressing photography area" was divided in the venue to facilitate participants to take photos as a souvenir. Surprisingly, someone had started cosplay "Dog Night *" at that time! ? In the following years, exhibitions among university communities gradually began to emerge, becoming another active venue in the cosplay community in Hong Kong.
In contrast, cosplay appeared late in Chinese mainland. Until 1998, there were some sporadic and spontaneous individual cosplay shows in China, and before that, there was no instant sales meeting for fans of a certain scale. So even if there is cosplay, the number is extremely rare. However, due to the maturity of cosplay in Japan, Taiwan Province Province and Hongkong, cosplay in Chinese mainland developed rapidly and steadily, and successfully held the first cosplay Competition in Chinese mainland in August 2000. The following year, Huayi Company started the "200 1 Best Stone Tool cosplay Competition" under the name of its main product "Stone Age" by virtue of its great influence on online games. At the same time, comic book exhibitions and fan exhibitions have been held frequently in Shanghai, Guangzhou and Beijing in recent years, which has made Chinese mainland's cosplay have a certain scale.
What is the most important thing about cosplay?
For cosplay, the most important thing is not what you look like, but how you make clothes. Generally speaking, there are four ways to get cosplay clothes, which are to give them to others, buy them in specialty stores, make them yourself or ask a tailor to make them tailored.
1: sent by others
Of course, this must be popular. Some cosplay friends you know in comic-con or life can invite them over when they don't want cosplay clothes, but this kind of opportunity is rare.
2: Go to the store to buy.
This is very rare and common in Japan. For example, there are official cosplay clothes for sale in Japan, and cospa is a good example. Their clothes are officially recognized. There are also some shops that make cosplay clothes, because they are privately made, so they are not official. In Taiwan Province Province, there are basically unofficial cosplay clothing stores, but there are second-hand cosplay clothing stores, which are both economical and convenient. As for Hong Kong and Chinese mainland, there are few shops specializing in cosplay clothing, and they generally need to be customized.
Step 3 do it yourself
In fact, cosplay's greatest pleasure is to make its own clothes and props. Of course, if you want to do it yourself, you must first know how to tailor, and it is best to have a sewing machine at home. Generally speaking, it takes a month for a person to choose materials, design and manufacture. During this period, besides having skills and tools, it is also necessary to concentrate. It is really a very difficult thing for a dress to go from the initial pattern to the completion. But at the same time, the pleasure you can feel when the clothes are ready is beyond others' reach.
4. Tailor-made shop
It is a common practice for cosplayer in Hongkong and Chinese mainland to go to a tailor's shop to tailor. One of the advantages of this is that it is cheap, and the other is that it is convenient for you to make your own demands. Generally speaking, tailor shops are easy to find in Chinese mainland, but few people can really make cosplay clothes. Usually in Chinese mainland, you can get your clothes within one to two weeks after you submit your order. If you are dissatisfied with the clothes at this time, the shopkeeper will usually change the system for you on the spot.
In fact, it's really expensive to make a cosplay suit. The finished clothes in specialty stores usually cost nearly 1,000 yuan. Although it costs less to make their own costumes, according to the complexity of cos costumes, it sometimes costs nearly 600 yuan or 700 yuan, and it also requires considerable efforts and labor. In view of this, in Taiwan Province Province, cosplay is called a waste of life and money by some people. But for the vast number of cosplayer, all this is worthwhile.
How was cosplay today?
After a long period of development and exploration, today's cosplay has been quite perfect. It can not only play people, but also anything in comics and games, such as animals and robots. You can play as long as you want, without any restrictions. However, sometimes it is very difficult to get out of every step as a robot. It's incredible that some people dress up as space warships and have to crawl on the ground like warships. Cosplay, as a subsidiary culture of acg, has increasingly become the mainstream of youth culture and entertainment in today's society. Cosplay can be used to enliven friends' birthday parties, large and small animation exhibitions, or "masquerade parties" between lovers. More importantly, while cosplay, you may make some mentors and friends by making and learning other people's cosplay, and you can also entertain the public while satisfying your body and mind.
Today's Japan, in addition to the regular Tokyo video game exhibition and various animation exhibitions in spring and autumn, as well as the cosplay annual meeting, can be said to be a gathering of the national cosplay elites in Japan, providing them with an opportunity to change their clothes. In addition to young people, Japanese cosplay enthusiasts also have children involved, and some children even dress up with their parents and practice a cosplay of various sizes. In addition, cosplay is still a profession in Japan. Japanese pop singers Takashi Kashiwabara and Yoshihara Fujiwara also like cosplay very much, which shows that the charm of cosplay in Japan has a great influence.
However, while enjoying the fun, in order to reduce unnecessary troubles, Japan has restrictions on tourists shooting cosplayer. Visitors are not allowed to take photos at will except for the cosplay photography area specially set up in the venue. Take the Tokyo Game Show every year as an example. Cosplay has no so-called activities. Just in the corridor outside the venue, many cosplayers will come and take photos for everyone. Of course, they will also appear in the venue, but in principle, cosplayers are not allowed to take pictures in the venue. Some people may promise to let you take pictures, but you must take pictures outside. As for the reasons, first, because the venue is the activity of the manufacturer, we can only shoot the show girl of the manufacturer. Although the manufacturer does not necessarily care, cosplayer himself does not necessarily like such disorderly behavior. The Japanese always come according to the regulations. It's not the case that they should take pictures, and they will refuse! Secondly, because most of them pay more attention to their identity, I hope you can respect them, so when they want to have a good visit, they may not want someone to take pictures of them all the time. As for the third type, because many Japanese cosplayer have high requirements for self-expression, they don't want to be filmed in this way when the shooting conditions are not good. If they want to take pictures, they would rather go outside where they can take pictures, where there is enough sunshine, and pose satisfactorily so that you can take beautiful pictures. Of course, it is also worth noting that taking pictures must be approved by others. Taking pictures is absolutely impolite!
In addition, as a symbolic culture of Japan, cosplay team can also be seen in street performances. Near the shrine bridge, it is the base camp of Cosplay, an internationally renowned street show in Harajuku. Cosplay here is simply divided into several factions, such as Palace Doll Department, Star Vision Department, Kaman Department, shiina Nursery Clothing Department, White Face Department, Self-created Department and so on. The crowds are most concentrated on Saturday and Sunday afternoons. In fact, this culture of self-expression first became popular after the opening of the clothing store "budeikku Bamboo" in Harajuku, forming an atmosphere of gathering in a "pedestrian paradise" on weekends. Therefore, this group of people wearing strange clothes was once called "bamboo", which reached its climax in the 1980 s, but this name has gradually been forgotten.
How can I join cosplay?
As an unofficial entertainment activity, there are basically no restrictions on its participation, whether in Japan, Chinese mainland, Taiwan Province Province or Hongkong. As long as you have your own cosplay clothes, you can participate in cosplay activities of various exhibitions as a community or an individual.
Cosplay itself is not limited to roles, so before the exhibition, you should first select the role you want to play from various acg magazines, and then start collecting all kinds of information and materials about this role. For example, the costumes, props and image characteristics of the characters are all things that need to be investigated. Then you can prepare the clothes. As for the specific operation method, it has been mentioned above.
In this way, you can happily run to the venue and participate in cosplay performances until the launch day.
What does cosplay bring us?
It's hard to say what cosplay has brought us. After all, everything has two sides. To outsiders, cosplay is an uneconomical and meaningless activity. I remember a real incident in Taiwan Province Province, which resulted in false reports because the media didn't understand cosplay. So what did cosplayer get?
In fact, as the author said in the last article, the real cosplay is not only to dress up its appearance, but also to communicate with the soul. Imagine that in such a fiercely competitive urban society, everyone will suffer from various pressures and puzzles because of their unsatisfactory work or study. If we can put these aside at this time and cos gives birth to another self, wouldn't it be a great liberation of self-mental pressure? We can relax ourselves by changing roles, so we don't just position cosplay in the role of acg. In fact, everyone plays a different role in society, doesn't he? After all, every human being in real life must have his own troubles. Today, whether you are a poor beggar or a rich man, you have your own troubles. The so-called acg characters have nothing to worry about in the real world (three dimensions) where cosplayers exist. Cosplay players can also become acg characters through cosplay, and get a kind of spiritual liberation, a temporary escape from reality and a temporary change of thought. Even though the sacrifice of acg has passed, we still have to face the reality, but the joy we felt at that time and the relaxed feeling of escaping from the pain of reality can make us more positive, confident and expecting.
What is seiyuu?
Without them and their existence, it's just the interpenetration of light and shadow, the change of action and scene.
All this can only be truly alive after the interpretation of sound is injected. ......
Seiyuu, the most lethal group in our animation industry, let us walk into you slowly. ......
1. Significance and simplicity of seiyuu
In Japanese, the word "excellent" means "actor" and "performer". This meaning still comes from Chinese. In ancient China, the actors in the pear garden were called actresses. Seiyuu, as its name implies, is a person who performs with voice, which is what we call a voice actor every day. Seiyuu Japanese pronunciation, English pronunciation CV(character Voice), and also cast.
The traditional seiyuu lies in the dubbing of foreign language films, animations and video games, which are basically hidden behind the scenes. However, the Japanese seiyuu community is currently in an upsurge called "Idol seiyuu Era". Its characteristic is that many young seiyuu expand their acting life by doing a lot of activities other than dubbing, making seiyuu a new idol form in the entertainment circle.
In Japan, seiyuu has its own office. The general dubbing work is also mostly approached by the firm. Famous ones are made in Qing Er (Lin Yuanhui, Midorikawa?Hikaru, etc. ), 8 1 Agricultural Products (Toshihiko Seki) and Uni Life Cooperative are combined in Tokyo (Tomokazu Seki). Of course, there are also freelance voice actors like Chisa Yokoyama. Seiyuu's firm is not static, and there are cases of job hopping.
Seiyuu students must study in Seiyuu Training Center before entering the firm to engage in dubbing work. The school's training courses are very complicated and varied. In addition to learning scripts, practicing vital capacity, changing voices, shouting and laughing loudly, and even practicing bamboo swords to train the instantaneous explosive power of voices. After the expiration of the study period, because most of the seiyuu training institutions are linked to the firm, graduates can enter the firm and become real seiyuu.
The above is the basic knowledge about seiyuu. Next, let's look at the importance of seiyuu.
A successful animation may have different emphases, but the three essential elements are plot, picture and sound effect. In recent years, people pay more and more attention to sound effects including music and dubbing. In addition to musical success, such as Memories of Rogue Sword and Star Cowboy, there are even animations with seiyuu as their selling point. Good dubbing plays a decisive role in the finishing touch of the whole animation. The shaping of characters, the unfolding of story lines and the expression of theme ideas are largely accomplished by dubbing. It is seiyuu that determines the quality of dubbing.
Personally, one of the important reasons why Japanese animation is so popular lies in its unique and individual characters. However, if seiyuu doesn't inject human emotions such as talking, laughing, crying and anger into these vivid characters behind the scenes and give them real vitality, then these vivid animated characters can only be active color blocks brewed by painters or computers. From this point of view, seiyuu is very important for an animation. The level of seiyuu dubbing and the quality of film dubbing directly affect the appreciation and entertainment of animation.
Second, the history and present situation of Japanese seiyuu
Most seiyuu fans are exposed to seiyuu through Japanese animation, and its development is closely related to the development of animation. Let's start with the development of Japanese animation and get a glimpse of the development of seiyuu.
In many analysis articles, the development of Japanese animation can be roughly divided into four stages (there are also six stages). The emergence of professional animation seiyuu is roughly in the second stage, and the time is about 1970 to 1980. The works at this time, such as the familiar space battleship Yamato and the mobile suit Gundam, are more attractive than the earlier works, and some musical elements have been added. At this time, many old-fashioned seiyuu that we are familiar with appeared. Before that, in the 1960s, there was a seiyuu craze in Japan because of foreign language films.
The third stage, from 1980 to 1995, is a leap period of animation music and sound quality. 1982, Macross was the turning point, and animation music gradually became a major focus of production. The appearance of a series of works by Mr. Miyazaki Hayao gradually pushed the production of animated music to a peak. In the middle and late period of this period, from 1987 to 1993, animated seiyuu rose one after another and gradually walked from behind the scenes to the front of the screen. Many seiyuu groups also rely on animated works, such as the DoC of Luanma 1/2 and the Goddess Family Club of My Goddess. At this time, the Japanese animation industry has formed the trend of animation, music and seiyuu.
With seiyuu coming to the screen one after another, it is welcomed by more and more fans, and the scope involved is getting wider and wider, which makes seiyuu a new idol form in the entertainment circle and officially announces the arrival of the "idol seiyuu era".
Friends who pay a little attention to Japanese seiyuu know that in this period, the popularity of women's seiyuu far exceeds that of men's seiyuu, which is not unrelated to the popularity of beautiful girl animation in recent years. Because of the popularity of animation, many young women's seiyuu have also been welcomed by fans. Starting with 1992' s beautiful girl warrior, based on the five idols in 1993' s "Avamy Goddess" and "Hummingbird", namely, Xiao Ye Sansui, Amano, Sakiko Tamagawa, Fumie Kusachi and Guiming, goddess family clubs (Kikuko Inoue, Yumi T?ma and Aya Hisakawa) were established. Seiyuu not only dubs animation, foreign language films and video games, but also sings, photo albums, CDs, essays, hosts radio programs, gives concerts and attends fan club parties. Successful examples include Lin Yuanhui, who topped the Oricon album charts, Zhuimin, who went to Tokyo budokan to sing, and Kuniko Tanaka, who made a movie in 1998. The idolization of seiyuu image has attracted a large number of young people to become seiyuu, and seiyuu training institutions or related majors have mushroomed everywhere.
The trend of Japanese seiyuu's beautiful girls has been blowing for several years, but the male seiyuu, who is not paid much attention to, has gradually accumulated popularity recently. We can know from the seiyuu rankings of relevant magazines in recent issues, especially the male seiyuu groups with group activities, such as the disbanded E.M.U (Midorikawa?Hikaru, Okiayu Ryoutarou, Kanna Nobutoshi, Ishikawa Hideo, Sakaguchi Daisuke) and Weiss (Koyasu Takehito, Tomokazu Seki, Jie Chengbi). It is said that Midorikawa?Hikaru and Kanna Nobutoshi have recently formed a new group "Zero Undead Birds" (in seiyuu, organizing a group is an effective means to increase popularity). Does this indicate that after the upsurge of women's seiyuu dominating the whole country, there will be an era when men's seiyuu will prevail? Let's wait and see.
Transfer from seiyuu x domain