Coffee (one of the three major drinks in the world)? Coffee is a kind of beverage made from roasted coffee beans, and it is the main beverage popular in the world together with cocoa and tea. Coffee tree is a common tree in Rubiaceae. Coffee for daily drinking is made of coffee beans with various cookers. Coffee beans refer to nuts in the fruit of coffee trees, which are baked in an appropriate way.

Composition and efficacy of coffee

Component 1. Caffeine It has a particularly strong bitter taste and stimulates the central nervous system, heart and respiratory system. Moderate caffeine can also reduce muscle fatigue and promote the secretion of digestive juice. Because it can promote renal function, it has diuretic effect and helps the body discharge excess sodium ions. But too much intake can lead to caffeine poisoning.

2. Tannic acid. After boiling, tannic acid will decompose into pyroligneous acid, so the brewing time is too long, and after cooling, the taste of coffee will become worse.

3. Fat. The main ones are acidic fat and volatile fat. ?

4. Acid fat. That is to say, fat contains acid, and the strength of different kinds of coffee will be different. ?

5. Volatile fats. It is the main source of coffee aroma and a substance that can emit about 40 kinds of aroma.

6. protein. The main source of heat, the proportion is not high Protein at the end of coffee will not dissolve out when making coffee, so the intake is limited. ?

7.sugar. Raw coffee beans contain about 8% sugar. After baking, most of the sugar will be converted into caramel, which will turn coffee brown and combine with tannic acid to produce sweetness. ?

8. fiber. The fiber of raw beans will carbonize after baking and combine with caramel to form the color of coffee. ?

9. minerals. Contains a small amount of lime, iron, phosphorus, sodium carbonate, etc.

Efficacy? 1. Drinking coffee after drinking can quickly oxidize acetaldehyde converted by alcohol, decompose it into water and carbon dioxide and excrete it. ?

2. diuresis and dehumidification. Caffeine can promote renal function, expel excess sodium ions from the body, increase urine output, improve abdominal distension and edema, and help to lose weight. Black coffee is more diuretic.

3. Relieve constipation. Coffee can promote metabolic function, activate digestive organs and play a great role in constipation.

4. Improve liver function. The results show that patients with chronic liver diseases such as hepatitis or cirrhosis can improve their liver function by drinking more than one cup of drip coffee every day. ?

5. Caffeine can stimulate sympathetic nerve, stimulate gastrointestinal secretion of gastric acid, promote digestion, prevent abdominal distension and gastroptosis, and promote gastrointestinal hormones and peristalsis hormones, thus quickly relieving constipation. ?

6. calming the wind and stopping spasm coffee can increase high-density cholesterol, accelerate the metabolism of bad cholesterol, reduce coronary atherosclerosis and reduce the chance of stroke. ?

7. Drinking a cup of black coffee after a meal can effectively whiten the skin. Black coffee can also promote cardiovascular circulation. ?

8. Prevent cardiovascular diseases. People with low blood pressure can get better by drinking a cup of black coffee every day. In the process of brewing coffee at high temperature, it will also produce an antioxidant compound, which is helpful for anti-cancer, anti-aging and even prevention of cardiovascular diseases, and can be comparable to fruits and vegetables.

9. Eliminate fatigue. Caffeine is a mild stimulant, which can improve the sensitivity and attention of the human body, accelerate the metabolism of the human body, improve the mental state and physical quality of the human body, and thus eliminate fatigue. ?

10. Prevention of gallstones. For caffeinated coffee, it can stimulate gallbladder contraction and reduce cholesterol which is easy to form gallstones in bile. The study found that men who drink two or three cups of coffee a day have a lower risk of gallstones than 40%. Researchers at Harvard University in the United States.

1 1. can prevent radiation damage. This conclusion was obtained in mouse experiments, and it can be applied to humans. Baba's Indian atomic researcher?

12. Affect the mood. Experiments show that the average person absorbs 300 mg (about 3 cups of brewed coffee) every day, which will have a good influence on a person's alertness and mood.

13. Lose weight. Bathing with coffee powder is a kind of hyperthermia, which has the function of losing weight. Coffee can accelerate the body's metabolism and reduce fat formation. ?

Wine? ? The chemical composition of liquor is ethanol, which generally contains a small amount of fusel alcohols and esters. The concentration of edible liquor is generally below 60 degrees (that is, 60%) (a few are above 60 degrees). After fractionation, liquor is purified to be more than 75% medical alcohol and more than 99.5% anhydrous alcohol. Wine is made from fermented grains.

Use? Edible wine is a health beverage, which can promote blood circulation, dredge collaterals, dispel wind and remove dampness. Medical alcohol is used for wound disinfection, edible alcohol is used for preparing oral drugs, and anhydrous alcohol is used for chemical reagents, chemical analysis and scientific experiments. Industrial alcohol is used as fuel and chemical raw materials to produce various chemical products.

The types of wine include liquor, beer, wine, yellow wine, yellow wine, medicinal liquor and so on.

1. Liquor, a kind of distilled liquor unique to China. Distilling fermented grains or fermented mash made of starch or sugar. Also known as shochu, testing fate, burning knives. The wine is colorless (or yellowish) transparent, pure in aroma, sweet and clean in mouth and high in alcohol content. After storage and aging, it has a compound aroma with esters as the main body. All kinds of wines are made from distiller's yeast and distiller's yeast as saccharifying and fermenting agents, and starch (sugar) as raw materials through cooking, saccharification, fermentation, distillation, aging and blending.

2. Beer, beer is the oldest alcoholic beverage of mankind and the third largest consumer beverage in the world after water and tea. Beer was introduced to China in the early 20th century, and it is an imported wine. Beer is translated into Chinese "beer" according to English beer, which is called "beer" and is still in use today. Beer is a low-alcohol wine rich in carbon dioxide, which is made of barley malt, hops and water by yeast fermentation. Most beers in the world are added with auxiliary materials. Some countries stipulate that the total amount of auxiliary raw materials should not exceed 50% of malt consumption.

3. Wine, wine is an alcoholic beverage fermented with fresh grapes or grape juice. There are usually two kinds of red wine and white wine. The former is made by soaking and fermenting red grapes with skins; The latter is fermented from grape juice.

4. Yellow rice wine, a national specialty of China, also known as rice wine, belongs to brewing, and occupies an important position in the world's three major winemaking (yellow rice wine, wine and beer). Brewing technology is unique and has become a typical representative and model of oriental brewing industry. Different kinds of yellow rice wine also show different beige, brown or reddish brown. Shandong Jimo old wine is a typical representative of northern millet yellow wine; Fujian Longyan Shenjiu and Fujian Laojiu are typical representatives of red rice wine.

5. Yellow rice wine, rice wine and fermented grains are also called mash, which was called "Yi" by the ancients. It is a common traditional local flavor snack in the south. The main raw material is glutinous rice, so it is also called glutinous rice wine. Nine niang is generally called "rice wine" or "sweet wine" in the north.

6. Medicinal liquor, known as "the length of a hundred medicines", is a kind of medicinal liquor made by "dissolving" traditional Chinese medicine and wine. It is not only convenient to prepare, stable in medicinal properties, safe and effective, but also because alcohol is a good semi-polar organic solvent, various effective components of traditional Chinese medicine can be easily dissolved in it, so the medicine can give full play to its efficacy and improve its curative effect by virtue of its alcohol content and medicinal potential.

Baidu wine encyclopedia