Mulan Poem

When the chirp was repeated, Mulan was weaving at home, and there was no sound of the loom, only a woman's sigh. What is this woman thinking? Ask the woman what she remembers. Women have nothing to think about, and women have nothing to remember. Seeing the military whistle last night, Khan ordered more soldiers. There are twelve military books, all of which are named after you. Grandpa has no eldest son, Mulan has no big brother, and she is willing to be a pommel horse, so she will sign for him from now on.

Buy horses in the east, saddles in the west, reins in the south and whip in the north. Say goodbye to parents and stay by the Yellow River at dusk. I didn't hear my parents calling for a female voice, but I heard the splash of the Yellow River. Say goodbye to the Yellow River and go to Montenegro at dusk. I didn't hear my parents calling for a female voice, but I heard Yanshan Hu riding a horse.

Wan Li to Rongji, the mountain is flying. New moon, gas, gold, and cold light. The general died in battle, and the strong man returned in ten years.

See you later, the son of heaven is sitting in the hall. Policy 12 turn, before reward 100. Khan asked him what he wanted, and Mulan didn't need Shang Shulang. She is willing to ride a camel thousands of miles to send her son home.

When parents heard that their daughter was coming, they went out to help Guo. Sister-in-law heard that her sister-in-law was coming to take care of red makeup. Xiao Di heard her sister coming and sharpened her knife to pigs and sheep. Open my East Pavilion door and sit on my West Pavilion bed. Dragging my wartime robe and wearing my old clothes. When the window is decorated with clouds, the mirror is yellow. When you go out to meet your partner, your partner is depressed. After traveling together for twelve years, I didn't know Mulan was a girl.

The male rabbit's feet are confused and the female rabbit's eyes are blurred. When two rabbits walk on the ground, Ann can tell whether I am a male or a female!

A short message to a friend in the north on a rainy night.

When you ask about the return date, it's hard to say, evening rain, Manqiuchi.

When * * * cut the candle at the west window, but talk about the rain at night.

-Li Shangyin's Notes to Friends in the North on a Rainy Night

Li Shangyin (8 13-858), whose real name is Mountain, is from Yuxi.

In his early years, Li Shangyin won the appreciation of the ox party Linghu Chu for his literary talent, was promoted as the governor of the shogunate, and was recommended by Hu Ling, the son of Linghu Chu, and became a scholar. After Li Dang, people in Wang Maoyuan Town of Heyang admired his talents, became a secretary and took his wife as his concubine. His action was regarded as a trip of treason by the Cattle Party. Therefore, even if Li Yishan wrote to analyze his heart again and again, he ignored it. Yishan lived a very poor life as a clerk, and finally died in Xingyang, down and out, becoming a victim of the struggle of the Niudang.

When it comes to Yishan's poems, readers are often moved by his profound thoughts and feelings, and are often dazzled by his magnificent words, gloomy brushwork, gloomy colors and blurred artistic conception. Indeed, reading Li Shangyin's poems often puts people in an aesthetic atmosphere and gains a beautiful feeling, but it is also difficult to understand because of the mystery of his poetic language. Poetic critics of past dynasties regarded most of his poems as love poems or commissioned works, just as Liang Qichao said, "I can't understand what a mountain of poems such as Jinse, Bi Cheng and Poems of a Sage are about. Take it apart and let me explain it sentence by sentence. I can't even say what it means. But I think it is beautiful, and it gives me a fresh pleasure in reading. " Similarly, A Note to Friends in the North on a Rainy Night is such a difficult poem. This poem, part of which is also selected, is addressed to his wife. However, after textual research, this poem was written by Li's wife after her death and was written by friends in the north. That is a work of "holding incense half-way to show anger". Now, I don't want to be modest, so I ask my colleagues to explain "Notes for a friend in the north on a rainy night".

When reading poems, new criticism advocates a "close reading" method that pays attention to the function of words. They believe that words are the basis of a text, and the choice and choice of words are saturated with the author's emotional intentions. First, I "read" this poem:

1, "Wen Jun": You ask me (letter), I don't know who "Jun" refers to; "Return period": the period of returning to China; "Not yet": No approval.

2. "Bashan": accommodation; Rain at Night: the most favorable atmosphere to express the sadness of travel and the pain of not returning home; "Rising Autumn Pool": The dense autumn rain makes the pool full, indicating the season.

3. "When": When can I do it? "* * * * Cut the candle at the west window": look forward to the happiness in the future.

4. "When you say goodbye to the rain at night": The sorrow tonight has become the message of cutting candles at night in the future.

Literally, this poem is cordial and lively, but it talks about the situation of people here and now after the return of ideas, and its structure is symmetrical and not difficult to solve. However, due to the lack of time-space transformation, this poem is quite incoherent. At the same time, due to the concealment of the main body of this poem, this poem has universal significance; Reading this poem, what it is about is puzzling.

How to interpret this poem?

The ancients often talked about the "implication" of poetry by "style", saying that "the wind shakes far away and the tone is melodious far away", which is an accurate interpretation of "implication" and "style". I think Yishan's poems should be entrusted with something.

Although Li is not the heir of the royal family, it often advertises that "home is in Shanxi" and always reveals a sense of superiority. However, considering the strange fate of Yishan, this poem is extremely appropriate-it is caught in the dispute between Niu and Li, squeezed out and suppressed, and even frustrated and reduced to life.

At that time, the author lived in Dongchuan and was in a difficult situation. He lost contact with his old friend, the upstart, and hoped that someone would help him. This is human nature. Whose is the word "Jun" at the beginning of the poem? It is unknown. Maybe a friend who really cares about him sent a book to ask, or maybe it was a deep desire to ask Hu Ling and other authorities. I think both of these understandings can be established. The word "not yet" is full of helplessness. The second period comes out of Bashan, depicting the continuous late rain. Isn't the rain in Yingchi a metaphor for the poet's longing for Chang 'an? Yishan once cherished the lofty ambition of "returning to heaven and earth and entering a boat" (Anding Tower), and Chang 'an was the "heaven and earth" that the poet wanted to return to. The third sentence transcends time and space, dreaming of reunion with old friends. In fact, this is his deep dream of regaining knowledge. The fourth sentence once again strengthens the plight of Bashan, which is clear in combination with the above.

In short, in this poem, Yishan places his desire to know each other and love each other in love, and gives hope and piety to those in power who can give him his life and career. Therefore, this poem should be understood as a metaphor of "style" and "meaning", not a love poem or a poem that misses friends.

Wang yue

Du Fu

What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen.

The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north.

Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes. ..

Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.

Interpretation of poetry

Mount Tai is magnificent, with endless green hills. Nature concentrates all the wonders of Zhong Ling here. The mountains in the south and the mountains in the north are divided into dusk and day. Looking at the clouds rising in Ran Ran in the mountains, it purified my soul and followed the birds returning to the mountains at dusk. I must climb the top of Mount Tai and overlook the mountains, which will be extremely small.

words explanation

Daizong: Mount Tai, also known as Daishan, is honored as Daizong because it ranks first among the five mountains.

Qilu: The ancient name of the two countries refers to Shandong.

Nature: refers to heaven and earth and nature.

Zhong: Assemble.

Yin and Yang: Yin refers to the north of the mountain and Yang refers to the south of the mountain.

Cut: points.

Stratospheric clouds: clouds and gases are layered and changeable.

Jueshu: describes trying to open your eyes wide and look into the distance, as if your eyes were about to break. Bags under eyes.

It will be: absolutely.

Appreciation of Du Fu's Wang Yue

mansion/residence of a prince

What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen. The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north.

Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, birds fly back and forth before my nervous eyes ... trying to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.

Enjoy 1

There are three poems in Du Fu's Wang Yue, which are about Dongyue (Mount Tai), Nanyue (Hengshan) and Xiyue (Huashan). This song is about seeing Mount Tai in the East. In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), the 24-year-old poet began a wandering life of "chasing horses". This poem was written in Qi and Zhao (now Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places) and is the earliest existing poem of Du Fu. Between the lines, Du Fu's youthful vigor is permeated.

There is not a word "Wang" in the whole poem, and every sentence is about seeing Yue. The distance is from far to near, and the time is from morning till night. Wang Yue thinks about the future and climbs to Yue.

The first sentence is "the grandeur of Mount Tai! ? When I first saw Mount Tai, I was so happy that I didn't know how to describe it. My admiration and admiration are very vivid. Dai is another name for Mount Tai. Being the first of the five mountains, he was honored as Daizong. "How is the husband", that is, what is it? In ancient Chinese, the word "fu" was usually used as a function word at the beginning of a sentence. It is a novelty to integrate it into poetry here. Although the word "husband" has no substantive meaning, it is indispensable. The so-called "vivid portrayal is being blocked."

"Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu" is the answer after some imitation, which is really amazing. It is neither abstractly saying that Mount Tai is high, nor using the general language of "Cui Bi pricks the sky" like Xie Lingyun's "Ode to Mount Tai", but it has written its own experience in an ingenious way-besides the two great countries of ancient Qilu, Mount Tai can still be seen from a distance, and the height of Mount Tai is set off by distance. Mount Tai is the land in the south and the Qi in the north, so this sentence describes the geographical characteristics and cannot be misappropriated when writing about other mountains. In the Ming Dynasty, Mo Ruzhong's poem "Wang Yuelou in Dengdong County" said: "Qilu is not yet a teenager. Who will inherit Ling Du in the poem? " He put forward this poem in particular, and it makes sense that no one can succeed.

The phrase "the creator has given all mysterious natural grace here, and? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. " It describes the magical beauty and lofty image of Mount Tai seen from a close look, which is the footnote of the last sentence "unfinished youth". The word "zhong" is naturally affectionate. Xiangyang in front of the mountain is "Yang" and Xiangyang behind the mountain is "Yin". Because of the height of the mountain, the dusk in the sky is judged to be cut on both sides of the mountain, so it is called "cutting dusk" "Qie" is a very common word, but it is really a "strange adventure" to use it here. It can be seen that the poet Du Fu's writing style of "language is not surprising and never stops" was developed in his youth.

"Clouds Wangfu? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes. " In two words, it is to write a beautiful hope. Seeing the endless clouds in the mountains, my heart is also rippling; Because I stared at it for a long time, I felt as if my eyes were going to break. A homing bird refers to a bird that has returned to its nest in the forest. It is already dusk, and the poet is still in sight. It goes without saying that it contains the poet's love for the motherland.

"Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky." These last two sentences are about the desire to climb Yue arising from looking at Yue. "Hui" is a spoken language in the Tang Dynasty, which means "must". For example, Wang Bo's "Ode to Spring": "It must be a dusty thing, covering the Spring Bamboo Pavilion." Sometimes the word "Hui" is used alone, such as Sun Guangxian's "North Dream": "I will kill this vertical shaft one day!" In other words, there are often single users in Du Fu's poems, such as "Old Shu in this life, Qin after death!" It is inaccurate and arrogant to interpret "will" as "should".

From these two inspiring and symbolic poems, we can see the ambition and spirit of the poet Du Fu who is not afraid of difficulties, dares to climb to the top and overlooks everything. This is the key for Du Fu to become a great poet, and it is also indispensable for all those who make a difference. This is why these two poems have been told by people for thousands of years and can still arouse our strong * * *. In Qing Dynasty, Pu Yin Long thought that Du Fu's poems "put righteousness first" and said that "Du Fu's soul is beautiful and impressive. Take it as a volume and make it a town. " (Reading Jie) also emphasized the symbolic significance of these two poems. This is exactly the same as Du Fu's "comparing himself with Qi Guo" in politics and "frustrated in Lei Jia and short-sighted in Cao Liu wall" in creation. This poem was praised as a "swan song" by later generations, carved stone as a monument and stood at the foot of the mountain. Undoubtedly, it will be immortal with Mount Tai. (Xiao Difei)

Appreciate II

Ode to national spirit and personal ambition —— Appreciation of Du Fu's poem "Looking at Yue"

This poem Wang Yue is a famous work by Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty. After the imperial examination, the young poet traveled to Qi and Zhao, met Mount Tai and wrote this magnificent and meaningful poem. In this poem, you can't see any negative feelings after the failure of the imperial examination, but only feel the boldness and feelings of a great man.

So, what is the most intriguing thing about this poem?

To understand the emotional content contained in this poem, we must first have a basic understanding of the political and cultural background of Mount Tai. Qiu, a poet in A Qing, wrote in A Detailed Interpretation of Du Fu's Poems: "Zheng Ang said: Wang Shengguo must report his generation to this mountain, which is the length of five mountains, so it is called Daizong." In ancient times, some emperors held meditation ceremonies here. During the Warring States Period, some Confucian scholars in Qilu believed that Mount Tai was the first of the five mountains, and the emperor wanted to sacrifice Mount Tai. Therefore, in the eyes of the rulers, Mount Tai is a symbol of the feudal regime's "infinite ascension to heaven" and "eternal achievements to heaven" (see "Empress Wu Han"). This concept of rulers will naturally have a wide and profound impact on the society at that time. Of course, the majestic Mount Tai will not only arouse the association of the rulers and pray for the eternal protection of the regime, but also arouse a sense of loftiness and admiration of the people of China. "The rocks on Mount Tai are what Lu Bang expected" (The Book of Songs Truffle Lu Gong). "The mountains in the east are high and the color is extremely blue." Mountain climbing in Xie Daowen. "Dai Zongxiu Yue Wei, Cui Bi stabbed the sky" (Xie Lingyun's "Taishan Fu"). "Those who climb high above the clouds, those who love the scenery, want to be ahead of thousands of people" (Ding Chunze's Ode to Watching the Sun). From these poems and poems praising Mount Tai, we can easily understand what kind of supreme and beautiful association Mount Tai evokes in the hearts of China people. In this poem, the author combines the praise of the lofty spirit of the nation with his personal passion for joining the WTO, and praises a kind of "Taishan spirit".

As mentioned above, "Daizong" is the honorific title of Mount Tai. The ancients believed that Mount Tai was the head of the five mountains and the place where "Wang Sheng Zhong, Sue Dai"; In the national consciousness, it has the highest symbolic significance. Therefore, when the poet called for the word "Daizong" from the beginning, his mood was solemn. An empty word "husband" subtly conveys such solemn feelings and deep pride; The word "how" shows that the poet's deep affection can only be understood, but it is difficult to express.

The next sentence is "green and dripping, high across Qilu." Has always been respected by people. Mount Tai is located in the north of Qi and the south of Lu. With the vastness of Qilu, you can see its turquoise, so you can feel the height of Mount Tai even more. This way of writing is really novel. But it can also give readers a deeper association: because Qi and Lu are ancient countries, Mount Tai has stood here for a long time; The ancient country and the verdant face of Mount Tai are interdependent, but there is no time. This country with a long history of "Qilu" was once the place where Confucius, a cultural giant who climbed Mount Tai, spread culture and was an extremely important base of Chinese civilization, which could best arouse readers' cordial feelings about its cultural connotation. Mount Tai, written by Du Fu, is not as unattainable as the "emerald green pricks the sky" in Xie Lingyun's Ode to Mount Tai, nor does it cause the feeling of forgetting the world like Li Bai's "Raise your hand for the sake of clarity" (six poems of Mount Tai), but takes root in the earth and stretches for Qilu, bringing infinite green vitality to the world. The epigram of "green is about to drip, spanning Qilu and Qilu" It stems from the poet's reverence for national history and culture and his positive attitude towards life.

The "beauty" in the third sentence is actually vivid from "green". The extraordinary of Mount Tai lies not only in its towering Wan Li, but also in its beautiful spirit. And this "magic show" is a special gift given by nature. In some mysterious atmosphere, Mount Tai reveals an eternal and detached temperament. This period is full of people's awe and admiration for Mount Tai in a specific era, and it also contains the feelings of great pride of poets who belong to the son of Mount Tai.

"What else? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. " Refers to the height of Mount Tai. Because the mountain is high, the yin and yang sides of the mountain are actually divided into a faint color and a bright color. This sentence comes from Nature. It is precisely because of "nature" that it endowed all the gods to Mount Tai, and Mount Tai also cut off the twilight and participated in nature with a fantastic attitude. Zhuangzi said: "The beginning of sex is the change of yin and yang." In three or four sentences, the words "nature" and "yin and yang" are written in pairs, which intentionally or unintentionally caused the yin between heaven and earth and Yang Qi to revolve around Mount Tai. In ancient books, there is often an idea about Mount Tai, such as "the breath of Dongyue and the breath of nature are the second instrument of life" (the article "Sacrificing Daiyue" by Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty) or "Everything in the East begins to speak for itself" (Yi Tong of the Five Classics). It can be seen that Du Fu was deeply influenced by this thought.

In the above four sentences, the author outlines an all-inclusive and detached Mount Tai with the pen of the Atmospheric Festival; The next four sentences have gradually infiltrated the author's own kindness, and the poet wants to combine his lofty and broad thoughts with the lofty and broad Mount Tai.

"Clouds Wangfu? Free and easy in my chest is a wonderful pen to carry forward. At this time, although the author did not directly write about Mount Tai, he wrote the profundity of Mount Tai through the endless clouds in the mountain. And those poets who are full of thoughts and thoughts with the clouds coming out of the mountain are as broad-minded as smoking Mount Tai. A "swing" and a "life", from static to dynamic, added life to the solemn Mount Tai, and the poet's interest reached a small climax.

"Birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes" further shows the poet's broad mind. This is a subtle sentence in the whole poem, but it shows the infinite vastness of Mount Tai in the high altitude of birds. Flying birds make poetry more energetic and summon the wings of the author's imagination.

No matter from a distance, from a distance, or from a distance, you can't expect Yue. The uniqueness of Mount Tai lies in its spirit of commanding and overlooking the peaks. Therefore, after a great philosopher in China climbed Mount Tai, he felt that the world became smaller: "Confucius climbed Mount Tai and became a small country." ("Mencius Dedicated Articles") Du Fu came to Yue with the ideal of reaching the peak and creating the most brilliant achievements.

Reading the poem "Looking at Yue" carefully, we will deeply feel that there is endless vitality in the vast natural scenery. This vitality belongs to an ancient and young civilization. The majesty of Daizong, the sublimity of Qilu, the vastness of natural yin and yang, and the magnanimity of Confucius on the top of Mount Tai are vivid manifestations of the vitality and wisdom of an ancient civilization. A poet, however, can only make his poems as long as the mountains and rivers of the motherland by integrating his ideals into the broad national spirit with infinite vitality. This poem "Looking at Yue" belongs to Du Fu himself and also to the nation.