As we all know, potato is a popular food, which is widely distributed all over the world. In fact, although potatoes are very common, they have high nutritional value and medicinal value. Therefore, the following is to introduce potato planting technology for everyone.
Potato planting technology 1 1 planting time
In potato planting technology, there is no specific time limit for potato planting, and it can be carried out all year round as long as conditions permit. Generally, it is carried out around June 5438+ 10 every year. At this time, it will be harvested in the spring of the following year. Of course, the specific planting time depends on the climate at that time.
2, the whole soil in advance
Before planting potatoes, the land must be cultivated well, and it is best to choose loose and fertile sandy soil for planting potatoes. Dig as deep as possible when preparing the soil. The finer the soil, the more favorable it is for the growth of plants. After the soil preparation is completed, an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer should be added to ensure sufficient nutrients, so that potatoes can grow better.
3, accelerating germination and cutting into pieces
Next, the seeds germinate, and the potatoes are taken out in advance to germinate in the natural environment, and the potato seeds can be cut into pieces after the bud points grow out. Divide potatoes with buds into 3~4 pieces to ensure that each piece has healthy buds. Then, stick them with lime soil and sow them.
4. Planting
Finally, put the processed potatoes into the whole field, dig a gully about 15cm deep, and put the potatoes in. Potatoes need more space to grow, and the spacing should be about 20cm. After planting, it can be given proper nutrients and moisture to ensure the germination of seeds.
Potato planting technology 2 The growth and development process of potato can be divided into three stages and five periods.
First, the germination period:
When the seed is released from dormancy, it begins to germinate where the bud is dormant, throwing out new buds until the seedlings are unearthed, and then the first section of the spindle grows. This is the basis of potato yield formation. The growth and development of this section depends on whether the beans have gone through dormancy, the size of physiological age, nutritional components and their contents, whether they carry viruses, and the environmental conditions needed during germination.
Second, the seedling stage:
From emergence to the formation of the first leaf sequence ring of the main stem, commonly known as "cluster tree", at this time, the second section of the main stem axis grows and the third section of the stem continues to differentiate. The main goal of various agronomic measures in this period is to promote roots and strengthen seedlings, and ensure the coordinated differentiation and growth of roots, stems, leaves and tuberous roots.
Third, the growth period of trees.
From the cluster to the main stem, the second leaf sequence ring is formed, and the capped leaves are flattened to complete the third growth of the main stem. The focus of this period is still to establish a strong assimilation system and gradually turn to tuber growth, and all agronomic measures should be carried out around this growth characteristic.
Fourth, the bean period:
In the third stage, after the growth of the main stem is completed and the lateral stems and leaves begin to grow, when the dry matter of the stems and leaves and the lump base reach a balance, it enters the bean-bearing stage with tuber growth as the main factor. About 80% of the output was formed during this period. The key agronomic measures in the bean-bearing period are to keep the roots, stems and leaves immortal, have strong assimilation ability, and accelerate the transfer and accumulation of assimilation products to tubers.
Five, dormant period:
Culturally, when stems and leaves rot and are harvested, they are regarded as tubers entering dormancy. At this stage, even if the tuber is given proper temperature, moisture and air, it cannot germinate. The dormancy period varies with temperature and variety. Tubers can be dormant for a long time at 2~4℃.
Key points of potato cultivation in spring
1. Selection of improved varieties: select high-yield improved varieties with late or middle-late maturity and resistance to late blight.
2. Reasonable rotation: it can rotate with corn, buckwheat, beans, rape and other crops, and try to avoid continuous cropping.
3. Use healthy seed beans: select normal and disease-free strong beans as seeds, and the size of seed beans is about 30 ~ 50g, which is beneficial to whole potato sowing. Where conditions permit, try to use virus-free varieties. After dormancy, the seeds germinate under light.
4. Intensive cultivation: plow two plows and three rakes before sowing, so as to achieve intensive cultivation and smooth land.
5. Plantar fertilization: apply 65,438+0,500-2,000 kg of farm manure, 40 kg of calcium superphosphate, 40 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 5-65,438+00 kg of potassium sulfate per mu, or use compound fertilizer with corresponding fertilizer efficiency as base fertilizer.
6. Sowing in time: The suitable sowing date is late March.
7. Reasonable close planting: generally, there are 3500 ~ 4000 ponds per mu, and the plant spacing varies from place to place, such as 40× 45cm, 30× 50cm and 20× 70cm, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The principle is that fertile land should be sparse and thin land should be dense.
8. Careful planting: Before sowing, ditch according to the row spacing, sow in the ditch, then apply farmyard manure, then apply chemical fertilizer, and finally cover the ground about 8 cm.
9. Scientific management: after the emergence of seedlings, check the pond to fill the gap, weed once at the seedling stage, and apply appropriate helium fertilizer (such as urea 5 kg/mu). Combined with topdressing (urea 10kg/ mu) when budding, intertillage and cultivate the soil once to prevent and control pests and diseases in time.
10, timely harvesting: yellow leaves and fallen leaves are taken as the maturity standards, and harvested after maturity. Choose sunny days when harvesting. Put away the tubers and dry them to avoid getting wet.
Nutritional value of potatoes
Potatoes are rich in nutrients, including protein, a lot of dietary fiber, high-quality starch, various minerals, vitamin B 1/B2/B6, pantothenic acid and other B vitamins, and their nutritional structure is reasonable, so they are considered as vegetable stars by nutritionists.
According to the determination, every100g of potato contains 0.2g of fat, 2g of protein, 0.7g of dietary fiber, 0.7g of carbohydrate, 7.2g of vitamin A5ug, 27mg of vitamin C, 0.8mg of thiamine, 0.04mg of riboflavin and 0/.65438+40mg of nicotinic acid/kloc-0.
The benefits of eating potatoes regularly
1, protect the stomach
Chinese medicine believes that potatoes are "flat and sweet, can strengthen the spleen and stomach, benefit qi and balance the middle", and have a good effect on treating indigestion, spleen and stomach weakness, and gastrointestinal disharmony. This is because the fiber contained in potatoes is very soft, has no stimulating effect on the stomach, and can also help the human body digest and absorb. In addition, potatoes contain a small amount of solanine. Pharmacological research shows that a proper amount of solanine can relieve the spasm of gastrointestinal smooth muscle and relieve the secretion of gastric acid. Therefore, moderate consumption of potatoes can also alleviate gastritis, gastric ulcer and other diseases.
2. Anti-aging
Potatoes are rich in vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, cellulose, carotene, protein, starch, minerals and other nutrients. Among them, the content of vitamin B 1/B2 is very high, the content of vitamin C is 7 times that of apple, and the content of carotene is 2 times that of carrot, all of which have good anti-aging effects. Therefore, people who often eat potatoes are healthy and can delay aging.
Step 3 lose weight
Potatoes are rich in cellulose, vitamins and minerals, with a fat content of only 0. 1% and low calories. After eating, they can produce a strong sense of fullness, which is conducive to controlling the total fat intake in the daily diet and allowing the body to metabolize excess fat. Very suitable for people who need to lose weight. It should be noted that dieters should take potatoes as their staple food, not make dishes.
4, laxative
Potatoes are rich in dietary fiber, which can promote intestinal peristalsis, speed up defecation, and clean up the residual garbage and toxins in the intestine, thus preventing constipation and maintaining intestinal health.
Step 5 prevent stroke
A Japanese study found that eating 5-6 potatoes a week can reduce the risk of stroke by 40%.
Because in more than 20 kinds of fruits and vegetables, potato has the highest potassium content, reaching 300mg/ 100g, which is a typical food with high potassium and low sodium. Regular consumption is beneficial to prevent hypertension. In addition, mucin contained in potatoes can not only keep the joints, respiratory tract and digestive tract lubricated, but also prevent fat deposition and maintain the elasticity of blood vessels, which is beneficial to reduce the occurrence of atherosclerosis.
Step 6 relieve depression
Food can affect people's mood, and sometimes lack of vitamin A/C, minerals or eating too much meat can also cause negative emotions such as tension and depression. Potatoes can help you supplement vitamins and minerals, and help regulate the pH imbalance caused by diet. So, when you feel depressed, you can try to eat some potatoes.
7. Enhance immunity
Potatoes are rich in nutrition, which can not only provide the same nutrition as rice and flour, but also provide 8 kinds of amino acids, vitamins and minerals necessary for human body, which has a good effect on improving human immunity.
How to eat potatoes is the healthiest?
The starch content in potatoes can't be ignored, so we should eat potatoes as staple food, not as vegetables.
When cooking potatoes, don't forget the principle of "less oil and less salt". Processing healthy potatoes into chips or chips will increase the risk of overweight and obesity, and long-term consumption will also increase the risk of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The most ideal cooking method is steaming potatoes, which has the least nutrient loss, can retain the natural flavor of potatoes, and can make the starch in them fully gelatinized, which is easier to be digested and absorbed by the human body and will not bring burden to the gastrointestinal tract.