Science is the life of all scientific and technological works, and popular science works are no exception. Science must reveal the objective laws of things and seek objective truth as a guide to understand and transform the world. Popular science works, on the other hand, shoulder the responsibility of popularizing scientific knowledge and enlightening ideas to the public, and should also ensure scientific nature. Popular science works that lose their scientificity also lose their value of existence. Therefore, for the creators of popular science works, they should try their best to explore their own professional expertise, start from their familiar fields and introduce mature and practical knowledge to readers from the perspective of all-round development.

(2) Ideology

Popular science is a bridge between science and technology and social life. While imparting knowledge to readers, we also cultivate readers with scientific ideas, scientific spirit, scientific attitude and scientific style, publicize scientific world outlook and methodology, and improve people's scientific quality and ideological quality. Therefore, popular science works should introduce scientific knowledge through popularization, so that people can deeply understand the methodology of scientific world outlook, namely materialism and dialectics. This is the embodiment of the ideological nature of popular science works. Of course, the ideological nature of popular science creation is innate and naturally expressed in the works, rather than putting some political labels or adding some political terms.

(3) popularity

Popularization means introducing scientific and technological knowledge in clear and fluent words, making it vivid and easy to understand. "The whole process of popular science creation is actually a process of popularizing professional knowledge." (Introduction to Popular Science Creation, edited by Zhang Deyi, Peking University Publishing House, 1983, p. 38) This sentence points out the essence of popular science creation. If scientific knowledge is not expressed in a popular way, readers will not understand it, and it will not play the role of popular science creation, and popular science creation will lose its meaning. Popular science creation can use various methods to popularize popular science works. If it is created in the form of literature and art, it will be vivid, interesting and fascinating. But this is not the only way. Popular science works can be popularized as long as they are concise, easy to understand and connected with people's real life and work. Avoid simplification, vulgarization or incomplete simplification, and only beat around the bush on abstract concepts; Or pile up information, copy it, or turn popularization into vulgarity to cater to low taste, all of which should be put an end to in the creation of popular science.

(4) artistry

This is a feature originated from popularity. The popularization of popular science works often needs to introduce scientific and technological knowledge in the form of literature. In the creative process, we not only use logical thinking to convince people, but also use image thinking to control people with emotion.

(5) knowledge.

Second, the skills of popular science creation

Popular science works are different from other scientific papers, and we can use a variety of expressions to make them easy to understand and win. The following are some common creative techniques.

(1) proposition

The propositional way of popular science works is direct narration, such as "teenagers smoking is harmful"; Questions, such as "Does calcium deficiency affect children's intelligence?" ; Apology, such as the story of "climate-universe, sun and moon"; For example, "talking about leukemia from blood suspicion"; Make a metaphor, such as "the' doctor' of plants-pecking at wood"; In addition, there are many propositional methods, such as hints, inspirations and idioms.

(2) the beginning

The starting skills of popular science works are: starting with vivid stories; Start with a thought-provoking question; Cut to the chase and start from the first point; Descriptive beginning; The beginning of a debate, etc. Such as: "How far is AIDS from us? "..." is the way to ask questions at the beginning. Mao Yisheng's "No Bridge Can't be Built" hits the nail on the head: "Roads are built by people. If there is a road, bridge it. Where there are roads, there may be bridges. People need bridges, and at the same time, people can build bridges. As long as there is a road to be repaired, there is no bridge to be built. ..... "Look at Qin Mu's" Picking up Shells on the Beach ",and at the beginning, we take us to the charming seaside with descriptive words:" In artistic photography, we often see such a picture: on the endless beach, a person bends down to pick up something; There are clouds in the sky, and the waves splash in the distance ... "

(3) End

The end of popular science works is as memorable as literary creation, and it should be coordinated with the beginning of the chapter. Its way has a summative ending; An enlightening and implicit ending; No matter what kind of ending, such as encouraging ending, end-to-end ending, etc. , require concise words. For example, "It is estimated that the population limit on the earth is 8 billion. If it exceeds 8 billion, eating becomes a serious problem. Therefore, it is natural to open an' insect granary'. " It is a happy ending. There is a popular science article entitled "The Road to Health and Longevity", which is firmly believed after analyzing the causes of aging, anti-aging measures and its mechanism. "... being good at combining the valuable experience left by the ancients with modern life science, we will certainly find a correct way to resist aging and let more people live a long and healthy life ..." This encouraging ending can infect readers' emotions and inspire them to join in science.

In addition to these skills, in the process of writing, you can also use the following skills:

(1) comparison

Some things and reasons are very abstract and profound, which is difficult for readers to understand. At this time, the author can find out some comparison objects that are similar or relative to the performance objects. These comparison objects are simple and specific, and readers are familiar with them. By comparing them with the performance objects, the relationship between them is clear. In this way, the things or truths to be expressed will be reflected in a popular and clear way, and readers will understand it much easier. For example, the text "Atoms are really small ... 500,000 to/kloc-0,000,000 atoms, next to each other, in a' long snake team', only a little smaller than the diameter of a hair." The atom's "smallness" is vividly demonstrated by comparison.

(B) Metaphor

Metaphor is different from contrast. The two objects in metaphor have some similarities in essence, while the two things in metaphor are completely different in essence except for some similarities. Metaphor is to show the real thing or truth vividly through metaphor. However, it should be noted that metaphors should be specific. Usually, things with concrete images are used to compare general abstract truths, familiar things are used to compare unfamiliar things, and simple truths are used to compare profound truths. For example, "in terms of its outline, bacteria can be divided into six categories: one is' radioactive bacteria' similar to chrysanthemums; The second is a "fungus or mold" like a hairspring; The third is' Mycobacterium', with broken stems and broken branches; The fourth is a small spherical "cocci"; The fifth is that the stick is similar to' Bacillus'; The sixth is' Vibrio', with a bent back; In the sixth category, some people bend a few times, like a small screw, which is called' spirochete'. " It is to compare the shapes of bacteria that are usually invisible to adults, such as chrysanthemums, balls and screws.

(3) Virtual

Virtual is to design some situations that are not in real life, and even make people feel absurd, so that readers can spread their imagination wings and get vivid impressions. For example, treat people as things and write the world of things as the world of adults. For example, it (swan) is the king of water because it has virtues that can create a peaceful world, such as nobility, dignity and kindness; It has power, but it has the will not to abuse authority and the determination not to use force unless it is self-defense. It can fight and win, but it never attacks others. It is a peace-loving monarch in the waterfowl world, but dares to confront the air overlord; It waits for the eagle's attack without provoking it, but it is not afraid of it: its strong wings are its shields, and it relies on the tenacity of its feathers and the frequent flapping of its wings to deal with the eagle's claws and repel the eagle's attack. "This popular science is to use virtual methods.

(4) Qubi

In order to reveal the true colors of things more effectively, authors often use some expressive techniques to write twists and turns of popular science works. This is a curveball. "If we take a crab from the beach in New England in the northeastern United States to the other side of the world, it will also know when the beach in New England is at high tide. Why is this? After staying in a dark place for a week, fruit flies can know when it is day and when it is night. Why is this? How do bees know the time? What effect does taking a monkey into space have on its daily life? Do all living things have clocks? " The author used several alternating sentences in succession at the beginning of this popular science article to attract readers' attention.

(5) Sketch

Sketch is to truly and accurately express the characteristics of objective things with simple and plain words.