The basic concept of 1
solar spectrum
Infrared ray is one of the many invisible rays in the sun's rays, which was discovered by British scientist Herschel in 1800. Also called infrared thermal radiation. He used a prism to decompose sunlight, and placed thermometers at the positions of various colored bands, trying to measure the thermal effects of various colors of light. The thermometer located outside the red light has the fastest temperature rise. Therefore, it is concluded that there must be invisible light, that is, infrared light, besides red light in the solar spectrum. It can also be used as a transmission medium. In the solar spectrum, the wavelength of infrared light is greater than that of visible light, and the wavelength is 0.75 ~ 1000 micron ... infrared light can be divided into three parts, namely, near infrared light with the wavelength of (0.75 ~1) ~ (2.5 ~ 3) micron; Mid-infrared, wavelength is (2.5-3) ~ (25-40) micron; Far infrared ray, wavelength is between (25-40) ~1000μ m.
Infrared is an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength between microwave and visible light, with a wavelength between 760 nm and 1 mm, which is invisible light with a longer wavelength than red light. The band covering the thermal radiation emitted by an object at room temperature. The ability to penetrate clouds is stronger than visible light. It is widely used in communication, detection, medical treatment and military fields. Commonly known as infrared light.
The real infrared night vision instrument is photomultiplier tube imaging, which is completely different from the principle of telescope. It can't be used in the daytime, it is expensive and needs power to work.
Near-infrared or short-wave infrared, with wavelength of 0.76 ~ 1.5 micron, penetrating into human tissues, about 5 ~10 mm; Far infrared rays or long-wave infrared rays, the wavelength of which is 1.5 ~ 400 microns, are mostly absorbed by superficial skin, and the depth of penetration into tissues is less than 2mm.
Infrared atmospheric window
Near infrared | (near infrared-red, NIR)| 700 ~ 2000 nm | 0.7 ~ 2 micron
Mid-infrared |(mir)| 3000 ~ 5000 nm | 3 ~ 5 microns
Far infrared | (far infrared-red, FIR)| 8000 ~ 14000 nm | 8 ~ 14 micron
2 Physical attributes
1. Thermal effect
2. Strong ability to penetrate clouds
3 Discovery wavelength
Newton discovered the spectrum in 1666, and measured that 3900 ~ 7600 angstroms (400nm~700nm) is the wavelength of visible light. 1800 On April 24th, William Herschel of the Royal Society of London, England, published an article saying that besides the red light in the visible spectrum, sunlight also has an invisible spread spectrum with thermal effect. The method he used is very simple. He used a thermometer to measure the temperature of various colors of light after being split by a prism, from purple to red, and found that the temperature gradually increased. But when the thermometer was placed outside the red light, the temperature continued to rise, so it was concluded that there was infrared light. The same test was done in the ultraviolet part, but the temperature did not rise. Ultraviolet light was discovered by Ritter in 180 1 with silver chloride. The wavelength of the near infrared ray that the negative film can feel is twice that of the light that the naked eye can see. The upper limit of the wavelength that the negative can record is 13500 angstrom. If other special equipment is added, it can reach up to 20000 angstroms, and then it must be detected by physical instruments.
4 characteristic test
Infrared rays have a long wavelength (radio waves, microwaves, infrared rays, visible light. The order of wavelength from long to short), gives people the feeling of heat, and the effect is thermal effect. So to what extent does infrared ray penetrate in the process of penetration? If infrared rays can penetrate atoms and molecules, they will expand and lead to the disintegration of atoms and molecules. Is that really the case? And in fact? Infrared ray has low frequency and insufficient energy, which is far from the effect of atomic and molecular disintegration. Therefore, infrared rays can only penetrate the gap between atoms and molecules, but not the inside of atoms and molecules. Because infrared rays can only penetrate the gap between atoms and molecules, the vibration of atoms and molecules will be accelerated, the gap will be widened, that is, the thermal motion energy will increase. Macroscopically, matter is melting, boiling and vaporizing, but the essence of matter (atoms and molecules themselves) has not changed, which is the thermal effect of infrared rays.
Therefore, we can use this excitation mechanism of infrared rays to barbecue food and denature organic polymers, but we can't use infrared rays to produce photoelectric effect, and we can't change the inside of the nucleus.
Similarly, we can't barbecue food with radio waves. The wavelength of radio waves is too long to penetrate the cracks of organic polymers, let alone denature them for the purpose of cooking food.
From the above, it can be seen that the shorter the wavelength, the higher the frequency, the greater the energy and the greater the range of wave penetration; The longer the wavelength, the smaller the frequency and energy, and the smaller the penetration range.
5 far infrared ray
The Discovery of Far Infrared Ray In A.D. 1800, German scientist Herschel discovered that the infrared ray in the sun was surrounded by something invisible to the naked eye.
Far infrared
Light source, the "far infrared ray" with the wavelength of 5.6- 1000UM, will radiate, penetrate, absorb and vibrate organisms when irradiated by this light source. According to the research report of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States, among the infrared rays, 4- 14 micron far infrared rays are helpful to the human body, which can penetrate into the human body 15cm, generate heat from the inside, promote microvascular expansion from the inside, make blood circulation smooth, achieve the purpose of metabolism, and then increase the immunity and cure rate of the body. However, according to the theory of blackbody radiation, ordinary materials are not easy to produce far infrared rays with sufficient intensity. It is usually necessary to convert energy with the help of special substances, and then emit the heat absorbed by them into far infrared rays with longer wavelength through the vibration of internal molecules.
6 radiation source area
Incandescent luminous area
The photochemical range, also known as "photochemical reaction zone", refers to the light generated by incandescent objects, from visible light to infrared light. Such as the light bulb (tungsten lamp) and the sun.
Thermal radiation zone
In the range of hot objects, the average temperature of heat rays generated by non-incandescent objects, such as electric irons and other electric heaters, is about 400℃.
Heat conduction region
Calorific value, heat ray produced by boiling hot water or hot steam pipe. The average temperature is below 200℃, and this area is also called "non-photochemical reaction zone".
Warm body radiation zone
In warm areas, that is, heat rays generated by human body, animals or geothermal energy, the average temperature is about 40℃. From the point of view of photography and photography technology, photosensitive characteristics: the energy of light waves and the sensitivity of photosensitive materials are the most important factors that cause photosensitive. The longer the wavelength, the weaker the energy, that is, the energy of infrared rays is lower than that of visible light and ultraviolet rays. However, another problem that high-energy waves must face is that the higher the energy, the stronger the penetrating power, and it is impossible to form a reflected wave of photosensitive materials to capture images, such as X-rays, so it is necessary to capture the image behind the irradiated object. Therefore, photography must develop in the direction of long wavelength-"near infrared" part. With the progress of chemical and electronic technology, near-infrared photography for contrast has developed in the following three directions:
1. Near-infrared film: Near-infrared with the wavelength of 700 nm ~ 900 nm is used as the main sensing range, and the emulsion of special dyes is used to produce photochemical reaction, so that the light change in this wave domain can be transformed into chemical change to form an image.
2. Near-infrared electronic photosensitive material: taking the near-infrared with the wavelength of 700nm ~ 2000nm as the main sensing range, silicon-based compound crystals are used to generate photoelectric reactions to form electronic images.
3. Thermal image sensing materials of middle and far infrared rays: With the middle and far infrared rays with the wavelength of 3000nm to 14000nm as the main sensing range, special sensors and cooling technology are adopted to form electronic images.
7 therapeutic effect
principle
After infrared rays irradiate the body surface, one part is reflected and the other part is absorbed by the skin. The degree of skin reflection to infrared rays is related to pigmentation. When irradiated with infrared rays with a wavelength of 0.9 micron, skin without pigmentation reflects about 60% of energy. Colored skin reflects about 40% energy. When irradiated by long-wave infrared rays (wavelength 1.5 microns or more), most of them are reflected and absorbed by superficial skin tissues, and the depth of penetration into the skin is only 0.05 ~ 2 mm, so they can only act on the superficial skin tissues. Short-wave infrared rays (wavelength within 1.5 micron) and red near-infrared rays penetrate the tissue deepest, and the penetration depth can reach 10 mm, which can directly act on subcutaneous tissues such as blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerve endings of the skin.
In the infrared region, the band that is most beneficial to human body is the band range of 4 to 14, which is collectively called "fertility light" in the medical field, because this infrared band can promote the growth of life, and this infrared ray has a good effect on activating cell tissue and blood circulation, which can improve human immunity and strengthen human metabolism. [ 1]
Infrared erythema
When infrared rays with sufficient intensity irradiate the skin, infrared erythema may appear, which will disappear soon after stopping irradiation. When the skin is irradiated by high-dose infrared rays for many times, it can produce brown marble-like pigmentation, which is related to the enhancement of melanin formation in the basal cell layer of blood vessel wall by heat.
therapeutic action
Infrared therapy is based on the warming effect. Under infrared radiation, tissue temperature rises, capillaries dilate, blood flow accelerates, substance metabolism increases, and tissue cell vitality and regeneration ability improve. When infrared ray is used to treat chronic inflammation, it can improve blood circulation, increase phagocytosis, eliminate swelling and promote inflammation dissipation. Infrared ray can reduce the excitability of nervous system, relieve pain, relieve the spasm of striated muscle and smooth muscle, and promote the recovery of nervous function. When treating chronic infectious wounds and chronic ulcers, it can improve tissue nutrition, eliminate granulation edema, promote granulation growth and accelerate wound healing. Infrared radiation can reduce the exudation of burn wounds. Infrared rays are also commonly used to treat sprain and contusion, promote the dissipation of tissue swelling and hematoma, reduce postoperative adhesion, promote scar softening and reduce scar contracture.
Effect of infrared ray on blood
Because infrared rays can penetrate deep into the subcutaneous tissue of human body, using infrared ray reaction can increase the temperature of deep subcutaneous skin, dilate microvessels, promote blood circulation, revive enzymes, and strengthen the metabolism of blood and cell tissue, which is of great help to cell rejuvenation and can improve anemia. Regulating blood pressure: Hypertension and arteriosclerosis are generally caused by contraction and stenosis of arterioles such as nervous system, endocrine system and kidney. Far infrared rays dilate capillaries, promote blood circulation, reduce hypertension and improve hypotension symptoms.
Influence of infrared rays on joints
The deep penetration of infrared rays can reach the depths of muscle joints, which can warm the body, relax muscles, drive the exchange of oxygen and nutrients in the microvascular network, and eliminate aging wastes such as fatigue substances and lactic acid accumulated in the body, which has excellent effects on eliminating swelling and relieving soreness.
Effect of infrared rays on autonomic nervous system
Autonomic nerve mainly regulates visceral function. People are in a state of anxiety for a long time, and the autonomic nervous system is constantly tense, which will lead to decreased immunity, headache, dizziness, insomnia and fatigue, and cold limbs. Infrared ray can adjust autonomic nerve to keep it in the best condition, and all the above symptoms can be improved or eliminated.
The function of infrared ray in skin care and beauty.
Infrared radiation produces absorption, which can directly metabolize substances that cause fatigue and aging, such as lactic acid, free fatty acids, cholesterol, subcutaneous excess fat and so on. Through the activation of hair follicle mouth and subcutaneous fat, without going through the kidney. So it can make the skin smooth and tender. The physical therapy function of far infrared rays can improve the heat energy in the body, activate cells, thus promoting the metabolism, burning and decomposition of adipose tissue, consuming excess fat, and then effectively losing weight.
Influence of infrared ray on circulation system
The comprehensiveness and deep penetration of far-infrared radiation is the only physical therapy that can completely take care of countless microcirculation tissues and systems of the whole body. After the microcirculation is smooth, the systolic blood pressure decreases, and the supply of oxygen and nutrients is sufficient, so it is naturally relaxed and healthy. Strengthening liver function: The liver is the largest chemical plant in the body and a blood purifier. The deep effect of internal heat caused by far-infrared radiation can activate cells, improve tissue regeneration ability, promote cell growth, strengthen liver function, improve liver detoxification ability, and maintain a good visceral environment, which can be said to be the best disease prevention strategy. [2]
Influence of infrared rays on eyes
Because the eyeball contains more liquid, it absorbs infrared rays strongly, and direct irradiation of infrared rays with a certain intensity will cause cataracts. The occurrence of cataract is related to the action of short-wave infrared rays; Infrared rays with wavelength greater than 1.5 micron will not cause cataract.
The influence of light bath on the body
The action factors of light bath are infrared ray, visible light and hot air. Light bath can make a large area, even the whole body sweat, thus reducing the burden on the kidney, improving the blood circulation of the kidney, which is conducive to the recovery of renal function. Light bath can increase hemoglobin, red blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils, and the nucleus shifts slightly to the left; Enhance immunity. Local bathing can improve the blood supply and nutrition of nerves and muscles, so it can promote their functions to return to normal. Whole body light bath can obviously affect the metabolic process in the body and increase the burden of whole body thermal regulation; It also has certain effects on autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular system.
Equipment and processing method
Infrared light source
1. infrared radiator
The resistance wire is wound on the porcelain rod, and the resistance wire heats up after being electrified, so that the temperature of the carbon rod coated with the resistance wire is raised (generally not more than 500℃), and it mainly emits long-wave infrared rays.
Infrared radiation therapeutic instrument
There are two kinds of infrared radiators: field radiators and portable radiators. The power of on-site infrared radiator can reach more than 600 ~ 1000 watt.
In recent years, medical far-infrared radiators have been made in some areas of China, for example, far-infrared radiators made of high-silica elements.
2. Incandescent lamps
Incandescent light bulbs with different powers are widely used as infrared light sources in medical treatment. The temperature of the tungsten wire in the bulb can reach 2000 ~ 2500℃ after being electrified.
Incandescent lamps are used for phototherapy in the following forms:
Incandescent lamps on site: incandescent bulbs with power of 250 ~ 1000 W are used, and metal nets are installed between reflectors for protection. Incandescent lamps on site, usually called sun lamps.
Portable incandescent lamp: low-power incandescent bulbs (mostly below 200W) are installed in a small reflector, which is fixed on a small bracket.
3. Light bath device
There are two kinds of local or whole body irradiation. According to the size of the light bath box, 6 ~ 30 40 ~ 60W bulbs are installed in the box. The light bath box is semicircular, and a small metal reflector can be added to the part where the light bulb is fixed in the box. A thermometer should be attached to the whole body light bath box to observe the temperature in the box and adjust it at any time.
Operation method of infrared therapy
1. The patient takes proper posture and exposes the irradiated area.
2. Check whether the warm feeling of the irradiated part is normal.
3. Move the lamp to the top or side of the irradiation site, and the distance is generally as follows:
When the power is above 500W, the lamp distance should be above 50 ~ 60 cm; Power 250 ~ 300 W, lamp distance 30 ~ 40cm；; The power is below 200W, and the lamp distance is about 20cm.
4. When using local or whole body light bath, both ends of the light bath box should be covered with cloth. 3 ~ 5 minutes after electrifying, the patient should be asked whether the warm feeling is appropriate; The temperature in the light bath box should be kept at 40 ~ 50℃.
5. Each irradiation 15 ~ 30 minutes, 1 ~ 2 times a day, 15 ~ 20 times as a course of treatment.
6. After the treatment, dry the sweat on the irradiated area, and the patient should rest indoors 10 ~ 15 minutes before going out.
【 Attached 】 Matters needing attention
(1) During the treatment, patients are not allowed to move their positions to prevent burns.
(2) If you feel overheated, flustered, dizzy and other reactions during irradiation, you should immediately notify the staff.
(3) When the irradiation site is close to the eyes or the light can reach the eyes, gauze should be used to cover the eyes.
(4) When the affected part has warm sensation disorder or irradiates fresh scar parts and skin graft parts, it should be applied in low dose, and the local reaction should be closely observed to avoid burns.
(5) Blood circulation disorder, obvious telangiectasia or blood vessels are generally not irradiated by infrared rays.
Selection of irradiation mode and irradiation dose
1. Selection of different irradiation methods
Infrared irradiation is mainly used for local treatment, and in some cases, such as children's whole body ultraviolet irradiation, it can also be combined with infrared irradiation for whole body irradiation. If the thermal effect is deep, incandescent lamp (i.e. solar lamp) is preferred for local irradiation. Local light bath can be used to treat chronic rheumatoid arthritis; The treatment of multiple peripheral neuritis can be treated by whole body light bath.
2. Radiation dose
The dose of infrared therapy is mainly determined according to the characteristics and location of the lesion, the age of the patient and the functional state of the body. When the patient is irradiated by infrared rays, he feels comfortable and warm, and his skin may appear reddish and even erythema. If marbled erythema appears, it is overheating. The skin temperature should not exceed 45℃, otherwise it may cause burns.
Main indications and contraindications
(1) indications
Rheumatoid arthritis, chronic bronchitis, pleurisy, chronic gastritis, chronic enteritis, radiculitis, neuritis, multiple peripheral neuritis, spastic paralysis, flaccid paralysis, peripheral nerve trauma, soft tissue trauma, chronic wound, frostbite, burn wound, bedsore, chronic lymphadenitis, chronic phlebitis, post-injection induration, postoperative adhesion, scar contracture, postpartum hypogalactia, nipple fissure, etc.
(2) Contraindications
There are bleeding tendency, high fever, active tuberculosis, severe arteriosclerosis, angiitis obliterans, etc.
[Attached] Prescription Example
(1) infrared radiation on both knees: the lamp distance is 40cm, 30 minutes, 1 time every day, 7 times. Indications: chronic rheumatoid arthritis
(2) The right chest (lower half) is irradiated with infrared rays at a distance of 50cm for 20 minutes, once a day/kloc-0, 8 times. Indications: right pleurisy sicca
(3) Solar light irradiates the lumbosacral region: the distance between the lights is 40cm, 20-30 minutes, 1 time every day, 6 times. Indications: lumbosacral radiculitis
(4) Full-body light bath: the temperature in the box is 40 ~ 45℃ for 20 ~ 30 minutes, daily 1 time, 8 times. Indications: Multiple peripheral neuritis
(5) Local light bath on the left calf: 20-30 minutes, daily 1 time, 8 times. Indications: left common peroneal nerve injury
8 pollution problem
In recent years, infrared rays have been widely used in military, artificial satellites, industry, health and scientific research, so infrared pollution problems have also arisen. Infrared ray is a kind of thermal radiation, which will cause high temperature damage to human body. Strong infrared rays can cause skin damage, similar to scalding, burning pain first, then burning. In several different situations, infrared rays can hurt the eyes. The infrared ray with the wavelength of 7500 ~ 13000 A has a high transmittance to the cornea, which can cause damage to the fundus retina. In particular, infrared rays of about 1 1000 angstrom can make anterior media (corneal lens, etc. ) eyes are not damaged and directly cause fundus retinal burns. Almost all infrared rays with the wavelength above 19000 A are absorbed by the cornea, which will cause corneal burns (opacity and white spots). Most of the energy of infrared ray with wavelength greater than 14000 angstrom is absorbed by cornea and intraocular fluid, but it cannot penetrate iris. Only infrared rays below 13000 angstrom can penetrate the iris, causing iris damage. Long-term exposure of human eyes to infrared rays may cause cataracts.
Infrared rays can be manufactured artificially, widely exist in nature, and are also produced during welding, which is harmful to the eyes of welders. Ordinary organisms radiate infrared rays, and the macro effect is heat.
As we know, the cause of heat is the irregular movement of particles that make up matter. This movement also radiates electromagnetic waves, most of which are infrared rays.
1. There is almost no sunshine at night, but everything on the earth radiates infrared rays, some of which are very strong and some are very calm. Infrared photography takes pictures by receiving infrared rays emitted by various substances and then displaying them, rather than taking pictures by emitting infrared rays by itself.
2. Infrared perspective and night vision make use of the different properties of infrared respectively. Night vision in front of us is because people can't see infrared rays with naked eyes, but specially designed cameras and night vision devices accept infrared rays, so we think it is black, but cameras can shoot things, because infrared rays are everywhere, which is bright for infrared cameras and night vision devices.
Perspective is the use of infrared wavelengths longer than visible light, which can penetrate some fabrics (such as cotton and nylon) that visible light cannot penetrate, so through certain selective filtering, the images behind these fabrics can be obtained.
9 application example
High-temperature sterilization in life, infrared night vision device, monitoring equipment, infrared port of mobile phone, hotel door card, remote control of car TV, infrared sensor of sink, induction door in front of hotel.
Active infrared night vision device
It has the characteristics of clear imaging and simple production, but its fatal weakness is that the infrared light emitted by the infrared searchlight will be found by the enemy's infrared detection device. In the 1960s, the United States first developed a wave thermal imager, which does not emit infrared light and is not easy to be found by the enemy, and has the ability to observe through fog and rain.
1982 From April to June, the Malvinas War broke out between Britain and Argentina. /kloc-Late at night in April, the British attacked the port of Stanley, the largest stronghold of Argentine defenders. The minefield laid by 3000 British troops suddenly appeared in front of the Afghan defense line. All guns and artillery in Britain are equipped with infrared night vision devices, which can clearly find the targets of the Afghan army in the dark. The Afghan army, on the other hand, lacks night vision equipment and cannot find British troops. Just passive beatings. Under the precise attack of British firepower, the Afghan army could not support it, and the British army took the opportunity to launch a charge. By dawn, the British army had occupied several main commanding heights on the Afghan defense line, and the Afghan army was completely under the fire control of the British army. At 9 pm on June 4th, 14, 14 000 Afghan troops had to surrender to the British. The British army led the infrared night vision equipment and won a battle with great disparity in strength.
In the Gulf War of 199 1, on the battlefield full of sand and smoke, the US military was equipped with advanced infrared night vision equipment, which could find the other side before Iraqi tanks and artillery fire. The Iraqi army only learned from the muzzle fire that the enemy was ahead when the American tanks opened fire. It can be seen that infrared night vision equipment plays an important role in modern warfare.
perspective telescope
Just like F7 17, night vision is turned on at night, and a filter is added, which can be seen through, but it is the worst for cotton-padded jacket. This was originally a very useful function, however, users soon discovered that this kind of infrared night-vision goggles can be used not only to see the distance at night, but also to peek at the body through people's clothes. The manufacturer of this kind of night vision accessories is Yamada Denso, which originally produced optical cameras for military, national defense and applications.
thermal infrared imager
Origin: In the early 1960s, AGA Company of Sweden successfully developed the second generation infrared imaging device, which added the temperature measuring function to the infrared seeker system, and was called infrared thermal imager.
At first, due to confidentiality reasons, it was limited to military use in developed countries. The thermal imaging equipment put into use can detect other targets, camouflage targets and high-speed moving targets at night or in thick clouds. Due to the support of national funds, the investment in research and development costs is high, and the cost of instruments is also high. In the future, considering the practicality in the development of industrial production and combining the characteristics of industrial infrared detection, the cost of the instrument will be reduced. According to the requirements of civil use, measures such as reducing scanning speed to reduce production cost and improve image resolution have gradually developed into civil use.
In the mid-1960s, AGA developed the first industrial real-time imaging system (THV), which was cooled by liquid nitrogen and powered by 1 10V power supply, weighing about 35kg, and was not portable when used. After several generations of improvement, the infrared thermal imager developed by 1986 adopts thermoelectric refrigeration. 1988, which integrates temperature measurement, modification, analysis, image acquisition and storage, weighs less than 7 kg, and its function, accuracy and reliability have been significantly improved.
In the mid-1990s, FSI Company of the United States first successfully developed a new infrared thermal imager (CCD), which was commercialized from military technology (FPA) and belonged to the focal plane array structure. The technical function is more advanced. When measuring the temperature in the field, you only need to aim at the target to take an image and store the above information on the PC card in the machine, that is, all operations are completed. You can use software to modify and analyze the settings of various parameters indoors. Finally, the test report is directly obtained. Due to the improvement of technology and the change of structure, complex mechanical scanning has been replaced. The instrument weighs less than 2 kg and can be easily operated with one hand like a hand-held camera. Principle: The infrared thermal imager is an instrument to find and identify the target according to the basic principle that all objects above absolute zero (-273. 15℃) radiate infrared rays, and the difference between the target and the background itself radiates infrared rays.
Features: Due to the different infrared radiation intensities of various objects, people, animals, vehicles, airplanes, etc. Can be clearly observed, not affected by obstacles such as smoke, fog and trees, and can work day and night. It is the most advanced night vision observation equipment mastered by human beings at present. However, due to the extremely high price, it can only be used for military purposes at present. However, due to the wide application range of thermal imaging, it has a huge market in electric power, underground pipelines, fire fighting and medical care, disaster relief, industrial testing and so on. With the development of social economy and the progress of science and technology, infrared thermal imaging, a high-tech technology, will be widely used in the private market in 20 or 30 years and make contributions to mankind.
10 national standard
Current national standards related to infrared rays
Methods for chemical analysis of ferrosilicon-The infrared absorption method for the determination of carbon content.
Gb/t11261-2006 determination of oxygen content in iron and steel-pulse heating inert gas melting-infrared absorption method
Methods for chemical analysis of chromium metal-The infrared absorption method for the determination of carbon content.
Methods for chemical analysis of ferromolybdenum-The infrared absorption method for the determination of carbon content
Safety of household and similar electrical appliances-Particular requirements for ultraviolet and infrared radiation skin appliances
Ferrochrome and silicon-chromium alloys, determination of sulfur content, infrared absorption method and combustion neutralization titration method
GB/T 470 1. 10-2008 determination of sulfur content in ferrotitanium infrared absorption method and combustion neutralization titration method
Ferrochrome and silicon-chromium alloys, determination of carbon content, infrared absorption method and gravimetric method
Determination of sulfur content in ferromanganese, ferromanganese-silicon alloy, ferromanganese nitride and metallic manganese-Infrared absorption method and combustion neutralization titration method.
GB/T 773 1. 12-2008 determination of sulfur content in ferrotungsten infrared absorption method and combustion neutralization titration method
Determination of iron and sulfur content in niobium-Combustion iodometry, methylene blue spectrophotometry and infrared absorption method.
Ferromanganese, ferromanganese-silicon alloy, ferromanganese nitride and metallic manganese-Determination of carbon content-Infrared absorption method, gas volumetric method, gravimetric method and coulometric method.
GB/T 4702. 16-2008 determination of chromium and sulfur in metals-infrared absorption method and combustion neutralization titration method.
Ferromolybdenum-Determination of sulfur content-Infrared absorption method and combustion iodometry.
Ferrovanadium-Determination of sulfur content-Infrared absorption method and combustion neutralization titration method
GB/T 8704. 1-2009 determination of carbon content in ferrovanadium: infrared absorption method and gas volumetric method
GB/T 470 1.8-2009 determination of carbon content in ferrotitanium infrared absorption method
GB/T 24224-2009 Determination of sulfur content in chromium ores: combustion neutralization titration, combustion potassium iodate titration and combustion infrared absorption method.
GB/T 23 140-2009 infrared light bulb
Determination of sulfur content in vanadium-nitrogen alloys-Infrared absorption method
Determination of carbon content in vanadium-nitrogen alloys-Infrared absorption method
Determination of oxygen content in vanadium-nitrogen alloys-Infrared absorption method
Methods for chemical analysis of ferrotungsten-The infrared absorption method for the determination of carbon content.
Test method of GB/T 25930-20 10 infrared gas analyzer
GB/T 25929-20 10 specification for infrared gas analyzer.
Gb/t13193-1991determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in water by non-dispersive infrared absorption method.