In modern common Chinese, the common "five grains" refer to: rice, wheat, soybeans, corn and potatoes. At the same time, it is customary to call grains other than rice and flour miscellaneous grains, and miscellaneous grains also refer to food crops, so grains are also a general term for food crops.
The word "five grains" in ancient times generally refers to: millet, beans, hemp, wheat and rice; At the same time, grain can also be a common word, referring to crops or agricultural products. Can be extended to foods and beverages containing cereals or native crops as raw materials.
Nutritional function
Red beans: Red beans are rich in starch, so they are also called "Mi Dou". They have the functions of "swallowing, inducing diuresis, reducing swelling and stopping vomiting", and are called "Heart Meridian Valley" by Li Shizhen. Adzuki bean is an indispensable multi-functional cereal with high nutrition in people's lives.
Soybean: Soybean is known as "the king of beans", "plant meat" and "green dairy cow", with the richest nutritional value. Dry soybeans contain about 40% high-quality protein, which is the highest among other cereals.
White kidney bean: Kidney bean protein contained in white kidney bean is a natural amylase inhibitor, and its effect is better than that extracted from wheat and other crops. It is mainly used for treating obesity and diabetes, and has the functions of strengthening spleen and kidney.
Mung beans: Mung beans are nutritious. The grain contains protein 20-24%, fat 0.5- 1.5%, carbohydrate 55-654%, various minerals and vitamins. Protein contains various essential amino acids. Mung bean is a heatstroke prevention drink, which can be made into various cakes, vermicelli and vermicelli, and brewed into mung bean Daqu and soju.
Kidney bean: Kidney bean is one of the most nutritious dried beans, rich in vitamins A, B, C and E, and also rich in minerals such as iron and potassium. Red kidney bean has the effects of enriching blood, enhancing immunity, helping cell repair and preventing aging.
Black beans: Modern people have great work pressure and are prone to physical weakness. In order to enhance vitality and energy, according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, tonifying kidney is very important. Black bean is an effective food for nourishing kidney. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, beans are the valley of kidney, black belongs to water, and water belongs to kidney, so it is beneficial for people with kidney deficiency to eat black beans. Black beans have beauty beauty effect on young women.
Yellow rice: a lullaby for invigorating kidney and stomach. Sexual taste: sweet and light, flat. Nutrition: protein, fat, iron, phosphorus and so on. Efficacy: Benefiting kidney and stomach, clearing away heat.
Black millet: a lullaby for invigorating kidney and stomach. Sexual taste: sweet and light, flat. Nutrition: protein, fat, iron, phosphorus and so on. Efficacy: Benefiting kidney and stomach, clearing away heat.
Yellow corn residue: As we all know, the cellulose content in corn is very high, which is 10 times that of rice. A large amount of cellulose can relieve gastrointestinal peristalsis, shorten the residence time of food residues in the intestine, accelerate the excretion of feces, and bring harmful substances out of the body, which is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of constipation, enteritis and rectal cancer.
White jade rice residue: corn contains many anticancer factors such as glutathione, lutein and zeaxanthin, as well as trace elements such as selenium and magnesium. Glutathione can lock carcinogens with its own handcuffs, making them inactive and excreted through the digestive tract. It is also a powerful antioxidant, which can accelerate the inactivation of aging free radicals and is the most effective anticancer substance in human body.
Wheat: Wheat is sweet, flat, slightly cold, and has the effects of nourishing spleen and kidney, nourishing heart and calming nerves. People who are upset and insomnia can cook porridge with wheat, rice and jujube. In addition, wheat bran contains high dietary fiber, which can prevent and treat hyperlipidemia, diabetes, atherosclerosis, hemorrhoids, senile constipation and colon cancer.
Corn: sweet and flat, it has the functions of strengthening the spleen and promoting diuresis, stimulating appetite and improving intelligence, calming the heart and promoting blood circulation. Linoleic acid in corn oil can prevent cholesterol from depositing on blood vessel wall, which has a positive effect on preventing hypertension and coronary heart disease. In addition, it also has diuretic and hypoglycemic effects, especially suitable for diabetic patients. American scientists also found that eating corn can stimulate brain cells and enhance human memory. Lutein and zeaxanthin contained in corn can prevent macular degeneration in the eyes of the elderly.
Coix seed: also known as Coix seed, its protein content is much higher than that of rice and flour, which is easy to digest and absorb, and is beneficial to reducing the burden on the stomach and strengthening the physique. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that coix seed is sweet and light in taste, slightly cold in nature, and has the functions of invigorating spleen, tonifying lung, clearing heat and promoting diuresis. Modern research has proved that easy
soybean
Rice has the functions of anti-tumor, enhancing immunity and lowering blood sugar. Boiling barley and rice porridge or adding appropriate amount of rock sugar can increase the appetite of tumor patients and reduce the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition, the coix seed contained in coix seed has an inhibitory effect on striated muscles and can reduce wrinkles. People who love beauty might as well eat more.
Sorghum: Sorghum is sweet and warm, and has the function of strengthening the spleen and benefiting the stomach. For children with indigestion, it is advisable to fry sorghum in a pot, shell it and grind it into powder, and take 2-3g each time. However, sorghum is warm and contains tannic acid with astringent and antidiarrheal effects, which is not suitable for constipation.
Soybean: Soybean is flat and sweet, and has the function of invigorating spleen and benefiting qi. People with weak spleen and stomach should eat it often. Various bean products made from soybeans, such as tofu and soybean milk, also have medicinal value: tofu can soothe the middle energizer, clear away heat and promote blood circulation, and is especially suitable for people with phlegm-heat cough and asthma, exogenous cold and sore throat.
nutritive value
In Huangdi Neijing, whole grains are our staple food and the necessities of daily diet, and they are at the bottom of the nutrition pyramid. Said: "Five grains are the supplement, five fruits are the help, five animals are the benefit, and five vegetables are the supplement." This balanced diet view shows that whole grains are the basis of diet and the cornerstone of health.
So what nutrients are the whole grains rich in?
Grain is not only the staple food of China people, but also a good companion and the main source of vitality, and it also has many benefits to the human body. In the pyramid food structure map of China residents' dietary structure, bread, cereal, rice and pasta account for 50%~60% of food. The nutrients in whole grains are very rich, among which cellulose and minerals are several times that of ordinary white rice, and vitamin A, vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, vitamin E, and trace elements such as calcium, potassium, iron and zinc are rich treasures.
Whole grains are the main source of dietary fiber. Many whole grains contain a lot of unsaturated fatty acids, which can lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, they can provide almost most essential nutrients for the human body and can be said to be the most nutritious food group. Whole grains are the cornerstone of diet.
Therefore, since ancient times, relevant scholars have been studying the nutritional components contained in whole grains, and integrating them into the dietotherapy of traditional medicine and modern medicine in China, and can also be matched with other ingredients and medicinal materials to enhance the benefits to the human body.
Seven benefits
First, whole grains can prevent diseases.
Vitamin c in whole grains can relieve fatigue symptoms and prevent diseases such as colds and lower limb aches; Iron can prevent gastric ulcer and loss of appetite; Potassium can also avoid muscle paralysis, depression and general weakness; Copper, zinc and other trace elements can improve mental weakness, insomnia and other symptoms, as well as increase appetite, improve weight and regulate appetite.
Second, whole grains make people healthier.
The rich nutrition contained in whole grains can prevent diseases and maintain health, such as unsaturated fatty acids, which can soften cholesterol in blood vessels and reduce cardiovascular diseases; A large amount of dietary fiber can effectively slow down the absorption of sugar, reduce the rising speed of blood sugar after meals, and make insulin play a role, so it is also of great help to diabetic patients.
Third, whole grains can prevent cancer.
Bean food is rich in protein, amino acids and B vitamins, which has a good anti-cancer effect. Regular consumption can prevent tumor lesions. Vitamin A helps cell division in human body, prevents the formation of cancer cells, and helps the immune system to respond and make antibiotics. Rich dietary fiber can shorten the retention time of waste in the intestine, reduce the chance of contact between carcinogens and intestinal mucosa, and help prevent constipation and colon cancer.
Fourth, whole grains can help you excrete toxins from your body.
Magnesium and iron can enhance the body's energy and accelerate the metabolism of waste in the body. The dietary fiber rich in whole grains will not be digested in the intestine, but also can absorb water molecules, so that food residues or toxins can run in the intestine and be quickly excreted, thus achieving the effect of detoxification; Vitamin E can help blood circulation and accelerate detoxification.
Five, whole grains make people smarter.
Protein in whole grains can enhance the excitation and inhibition function of cerebral cortex, improve cerebral metabolic activity and enhance efficiency; There are also eight essential amino acids such as lysine, which can activate the brain and help the elderly with memory loss and children with brain development; Glutamate can improve brain mechanism and treat dementia. In addition, it is also rich in phospholipids, which has a good effect on the development and activity of brain nerves and can enhance memory.
Six, whole grains make people more beautiful.
Vitamin A, which is rich in whole grains, can keep skin and mucous membrane healthy; Vitamin B2 can prevent acne; Vitamin E can prevent skin from aging and dryness. Other ingredients, such as fatty oil, volatile oil, linseed oleic acid, etc., can moisturize the skin and make it smooth and delicate; Amino acids, cystine, etc. Can make hair black and bright; Unsaturated fatty acids can reduce cholesterol accumulated in the body, promote metabolism, make hair easy to generate, and prevent hair loss and baldness. The trace elements rich in whole grains make beauty belong to you forever.
Seven, whole grains make the body slimmer.
Some whole grains contain pantothenic acid, which can release food energy and is an important component of fat metabolism; B vitamins help to burn calories. Whole grains are rich in dietary fiber, which can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis and digestive juice secretion, strengthen the discharge of waste in the body, and is conducive to slimming; Magnesium can assist the metabolism of sugar and fat. So these nutrients are important elements for you to lose weight.