You shouldn't just surf the Internet, you are a trendsetter. Web 2.0 is to Web 1.0 what distributed computing is to centralized computing and grid is to mainframe.
Interpretation of the concept of WEB2.0
Web2.0 is a new Internet application compared with Web1.0 (the Internet mode before 2003), and it is a revolution from core content to external application. The development from Web 1.0 to Web2.0 with richer content, stronger connectivity and stronger tools has become a new development trend of the Internet.
The transition from Web 1.0 to Web2.0 is specifically the development from simple reading to writing and * * * co-construction; From passively receiving Internet information to actively creating Internet information! From the basic unit, it has developed from "web page" to "published/recorded information"; From tools, from internet browsers to various browsers, rss readers and other content; In the operation mechanism, it has changed from "client server" to "Web service"; The author has developed from programmers and other professionals to all ordinary users; The application has developed from a primary "funny" application to a comprehensive and large-scale application.
In a word, Web2.0 is a new generation model of the Internet, represented by websites such as Flickr, Craigslist, Linkedin, Tribes, Ryze, Friendster, Del.icio.us, 43Things.com, etc., with applications such as Blog, TAG, SNS, RSS, wiki as the core, and based on new theories and technologies such as six-degree separation, xml and ajax.
Application:
1, blog (from Wikipedia)
History:
The word blog originated from weblog, which means online log. 1997 was put forward by Jorn Barger. 1998, Jesse J. Garrett, editor of infosift, set up a blog directory to collect the blog sites she knew. 1999, Peter Merholz () first used the abbreviation "blog" and became a common term today. However, the turning point of blog's real rapid development was in June, when 1999, Pitas began to provide free weblog service, and then in August, Pyra lab launched the present blogger.com. Blogger.com provides easy-to-learn instructions and the function of publishing blogs directly on personal websites through FTP, which brings great convenience to users. At present, there are many blog hosting service providers (BSP), and people in the industry are cautiously optimistic about their profit prospects.
The characteristics of blog
Blog is a kind of record made by individuals or groups in chronological order, and it is constantly updated. The communication between blogs is mainly through backtracking and echo/message/comment. The operational management terminology of blog also draws lessons from a large number of document management terminology. A blog can also be regarded as an archive or file (fonds). Different from traditional archives, the blogger of a blog is both the creator and the keeper of archives.
Blog uses a lot of RSS(Really Simple Syndication or Rich Site Summary or RDF Site Summary) technology, and all RSS files must conform to the XML 1.0 specification published by W3C. For readers, you can subscribe to blogs through RSS to learn about the latest developments of bloggers. For bloggers, RSS can make their published articles easy to be understood and summarized by computer programs.
Blog provides a new form and way for knowledge management and creation. For native speakers of Chinese, blog writing not only continues the excellent tradition of China's note literature, but also fully encourages individual expression. From the perspective of communication form, the blogosphere has established a benign interactive transformation relationship among readers, authors and editors. "Speakers value each other and readers cherish each other".
2. Tags (from blogs)
What is a label?
Tagging is a more flexible and interesting way to classify logs. You can add one or more tags to each blog, and then you can see all the blogs on BlogBus that use the same tags as you, so as to have more contact and communication with other users. Not only that, but also through the cooperation with Technorati, we send your tags to the global blog space and share them with people all over the world.
Tag embodies the power of the group, greatly enhances the correlation between logs and the interaction between users, and allows you to see a more diversified world, a more relevant blog space and a news station that broadcasts hot spots in real time. Tags provide you with an unprecedented new network experience. ...
Of course, you can simply understand tags as log classification, but the difference between tags and classification is also obvious:
First of all, the classification is set before you write the log, and the label is added after you write the log;
Secondly, you can put several labels on a log at the same time, which is convenient for you to find at any time, while the original log can only have one classification;
Thirdly, when you have accumulated a certain number of tags, you can see what the most talked about topics are in your blog.
Finally, you can see who uses the same tags as you, and then find Blogger who share your interests.
Let's give an example. For example, you wrote a diary about your trip to the West Lake. Originally, you put this kind of diary under your own category of "donkey travels all over the world", but with the label, you can add several labels to this diary at the same time, such as "travel", "Hangzhou", "West Lake" and "donkey travels all over the world". When the visitor clicks on any of these tabs, he can see your diary. At the same time, you can also click on these labels to see who has been to Hangzhou recently, and maybe you can exchange your travel experience and become your next travel partner!
3. Social networks
Social Network Service, a social network software, is based on the six-degree theory and friends who know friends to expand their contacts. And unlimited expansion of their contacts, when needed, you can always get a little, get the help of contacts.
SNS website is a website established according to the six-degree theory to help you manage friends in your circle of friends.
4. RSS (from Wikipedia)
RSS is a data exchange standard for * * * to enjoy news and other web pages. It originated from the Push technology of Netscape Communications Company, and it is a communication cooperation protocol to transmit the content subscribed by subscribers to them. RSS can be one of the following three explanations:
Really simple union (really simple union)
RDF (resource description framework) site summary
Rich site summary (rich site summary)
But in fact, these three explanations all refer to the same joint technology.
At present, the main versions of RSS specifications are 0.9 1, 1.0 and 2.0.
Version 0.9 1 and version 1.0 are completely different, with different styles and different people making standards. Version 0.9 1 and version 2.0 come down in one continuous line. The version of 1.0 is closer to the XML standard.
At present, RSS is widely used in blogs, wikis and online news channels, and most well-known news agencies in the world provide RSS subscription support.
5. Wiki (from Wiki)
The word Wiki comes from the Hawaiian word "weekeeweekeee", which means "hurry up". Wiki here refers to hypertext system. This hypertext system supports collaborative writing in the community and includes a set of auxiliary tools to support this writing. Some people think that Wiki system belongs to the network system of human knowledge, and we can browse, create and modify Wiki text on the basis of Web, and the cost of creating, modifying and publishing wiki text is much less than that of HTML text. At the same time, Wiki system also supports community-oriented collaborative writing, which provides necessary help for collaborative writing; Finally, wiki authors naturally form a community, and wiki system provides a simple communication tool for this community. Compared with other hypertext systems, Wiki is easy to use and open, so Wiki system can help us use knowledge in a certain field in a community.
Wiki origin
1995 ward? Ward cunningham created the world's first wiki system, WikiWiki Web, to promote the exchange of model communities, and used it to establish the Portland model knowledge base. In the process of building this system, Ward? Cunningham created the concept and name of Wiki, and realized the service system supporting these concepts. This system is the earliest wiki system. From 1996 to 2000, Portland model knowledge base developed some auxiliary tools to support community-oriented collaborative writing, thus enriching the concept of Wiki. At the same time, the concept of Wiki has also been spread, and many similar websites and software systems have appeared.
The history of Wiki is not long, and both the concept of Wiki itself and the characteristics of related software systems are still under intense discussion. So what kind of site can be called wiki system is still controversial. Blog is a new technology related to Wiki, which reduces the difficulty of hypertext writing and publishing. Both of them are closely related to the content management system.
The characteristics of wiki
convenient to use
Quick maintenance: Quickly create, access and change hypertext pages (which is why it is called "wiki Wiki").
Simple format: replace the complex format tags of HTML with simple format tags. (similar to WYSIWYG style)
Convenient links: links (pages, external links, pictures, etc. ) can be established directly with keyword names through simple tags.
Naming is simple: the keyword name is the page name, which is placed in a single-level flat namespace.
grow up
Growth: The link target of the page may not exist yet. By clicking on the links, we can create these pages so that the system can grow.
Revision History: Record the revision history of the page, and you can get all versions of the page.
make public
Open: Members in the community can create, modify or delete pages at will.
Observable: Visitors can clearly observe the changes of pages in the system.
Wiki itself has become the object of network research because of its self-organization, growth and observability. The research on wikis can help people to know more about the Internet.
Theory and technology:
1, six-degree relation theory
The popular "six degrees of separation" theory was put forward by American psychologist Miglan in 1960s. This theory can be expressed in a popular way: you can know any stranger through six people at most. "Six degrees of separation" has become an undeniable and shocking feature in the interpersonal world, and many in-depth sociological studies have also given convincing evidence that this feature is not only a special case, but also universal. Recently, the e-mail experiment led by Professor Watts from the Sociology Department of Columbia University in the United States once again proved the amazing law in this interpersonal world. However, in the real world, how can 6 billion people really be so closely linked? It is the Internet that makes everything come true.
2、Xml
XML is an extensible markup language. Labels refer to information symbols that computers can understand. Through this tag, the computer can process articles containing all kinds of information. How to define these tags, you can choose an internationally used markup language, such as HTML, or you can use a markup language, such as XML, that is, language extensibility. XML is a simplification and modification of SGML. It mainly uses XML, XSL and XPath.
3、AJAX
Ajax is not a technology. It is actually a powerful combination of several technologies that have been popular in their respective fields. Ajax mix:
* based on XHTML/CSS
* Realize dynamic display and interaction through DOM (Document Object Model).
* data exchange and processing through XML and XSLT.
* Use JavaScript to integrate the above technologies.
Intuitively, Ajax can satisfy the user's operation without refreshing the browser window (and of course without installing additional plug-ins). Now many websites that look cool are realized by this technology, including orkut, Gmail, Google Group, Google Suggest, Google Maps, Flickr, A9.com and so on. 2SIMPLE's Co-mment system doesn't use XML/XSLT, but its concept is implicitly compatible with Ajax, which realizes providing dynamic content to users without refreshing the web page.
Existing products:
Wikipedia, Wallop, yahoo360, openbc, cyworld, 43things, flickr, del.icio.us, cragslist, glob, Ke Qiji, friendster, linkin, Uutong, Youyou, Skynet, Wikipedia, linkist, Sina Clickthrough, skype, Yiyou, cyworld.
Now let's talk about the specific application of web2.0.
History is very important. The study of a technology should also proceed from history, and through its historical evolution in time, we can understand the present situation and even predict the future.
What is Web 1.0?
They said, remember the WWW era of static HTML?
(What influence did the WWW application, people's Web experience and society have in that era? )
So how many versions of dynamic HTML are there compared to the Web under static HTML? 1.5? By the way, they really do.
(In terms of effect and influence, compared with 1.0, how much has it expanded and deepened? )
The data to be displayed is stored in the database. At the user's request, the data is retrieved through the program of the Web server, and the Html code is dynamically generated by adding a pre-designed template and sent to the user's browser.
It is 1.0 series, and what users see in the browser should be the same as Web 1.0. It has an upgrade of 0.5, because the data is not produced and released in advance, but generated dynamically with the needs of users.
Well, what has changed since Web 2.0 added 0.5?
After seeing the rise and change, what direction will you continue to change the Internet and society? )
Update: For the difference between different versions, take a look at Amazon's example.
Things are not so lucky. Web 2.0 is not a concrete thing, but a stage, which is the name of various technologies and related products and services that contribute to this stage. So, we can't say what Web 2.0 is, but we can say that those are Web 2.0.
Wikipedia's Web 2.0 entry lists these situations:
* CSS and semantic related XHTML tags
* AJAX technology
* data union in RSS/Atom
* aggregate RSS/ATOM data.
* concise and meaningful URL
* Support publishing as a weblog.
* RESTian (preferred) or XML Webservice APIs.
* Some social networking site elements.
The necessary elements are:
* The website should allow users to dump data inside and outside the website system.
* Users have their own data in the website system.
* completely based on the Web, all functions can be completed through the browser.
(The above content is quoted from English Wikipedia)
Although this is just a family statement, several elements mentioned in it are recognized by everyone.
-Synchronization, aggregation and migration of XML data based on RSS/ATOM/RDF/FOAF.
Data is no longer mixed with pages and websites, it is independent, and it follows users. This is a very important feature of Web 2.0. This is why blogs are the representative of Web 2.0. In blogs, independent blogs often play the leading role.
Independence, then physical expression. Now, we can make them active. Through the processing of XML data, these contents can be freely combined, presented and processed by various applications, whether Web programs or desktop programs.
(Update: Check all your information in one place in Businessweek)
Of course, the most important thing is the people behind it.
-Social factors.
Content follows people, and content can be freely combined by users, that is, users can freely use content media to create communities and conduct various social (network) behaviors.
In addition, there are labels and popular classification based on open label system.
-The third recognized factor is the open API, which is slightly more technical and needs to be studied another time. You can look at examples first: Amazon, flickr, Google Maps, etc.
Web 2.0 is a big basket with many things in it.
How to create Web 2.0 products from the point of view of product/service producers of Web applications?
It is important to grasp these points, one is micro-content (defined here) and the other is individual users. In addition to these two foundations, we can also consider sharing within the community and provide APIs.
Micro content: English is micro content. Any data generated by users is considered as micro-content, such as a blog, comments, pictures, bookmarks, favorite music list, things you want to do, places you want to go, new friends and so on. These micro-contents are full of our life, work and study, and their quantity and importance, as well as our dependence on them, are no less than those orthodox articles, papers and books that are hypocritical and suits.
The rediscovery and utilization of micro-content is a natural derivative of the atmosphere of equality, freedom and freedom created by the Internet, and it is also the result of reducing the cost of information management by Internet-related technologies.
We produce a lot of micro-content every day and consume the same amount of micro-content. For Web 2.0, how to help users manage, maintain, store, share and transfer micro-content has become the key.
Individual users. For the typical products/services of Web 1.0, users have no specific characteristics and personality, but are just synonymous with a fuzzy group. But for Web2.0 products and services, users are real people. Web 2.0 serves specific people, not a ghostly concept. Moreover, this person's concreteness will be continuously enriched by the service itself.
How to serve this particular individual is the starting point of Web 2.0 design.
Therefore, a product/service that can be called Web 2.0 will look like this:
A platform for micro-content collection, creation, publishing, management, sharing, cooperation and maintenance for individual users.
This is a watch.
In the library, I am afraid I have designed the XML representation of micro-content mentioned by many people; Aggregation of micro-content; Migration of micro-content; Maintain social relations; The ease of use of the interface and so on.
Is its essence open source, participation, personal value, grassroots, cooperation and so on?
Web2.0 is the arrival of a new stage, in which many aspects go hand in hand and are interrelated. Therefore, different people have different views. So, what does Web2.0 mean for Web developers?
They say that in the Web2.0 stage, the Web is a platform, or the Web is becoming a programmable and executable Web application. Careerists imagine that its ultimate goal is Web OS.
At the time of Web 1.0, the Web was just a publishing platform for people to read and consisted of hypertext links. Now the trend has changed. Web is not only a world of Html documents, but also a place of interaction.
The banner of the Web 2.0 conference website quoted Jeff Bezos as saying that "Web 1.0 is creating the Internet for people, and Web 2.0 is creating a better Internet for computers".
Specifically, they say that the Web has become a development environment, and with the help of the programming interface provided by Web services, the website has become a software component.
These are the goals of web services. Through the dialogue of these web services, information islands can be freely built into buildings suitable for different applications.
Some examples: various applications derived from programming interfaces provided by del.icio.us, flickr, a9, amazon, yahoo, google, msn, etc.
Why open the API? This involves the technical strategy of business in the market. Of course, there are deeper reasons. What is that?
This interaction is not only reflected in different website services, but also in the interaction between users and web pages on browsers. This is one of the reasons why Web2.0 and AJAX are so related to delicious bookmarks.
It's really enjoyable to use desktop programs on web pages. This is probably also an aspect of Web programmability. Web pages are no longer as simple as mixing labels and content, but a programmable place. )
Some people object that AJAX is unfriendly to search engines. Only the webmaster of Web 1.0 cares about this matter. In Web 2.0, webmasters should care about the convenience of users' participation and the freedom of users. As for search, there is RSS/ATOM/RDF, so don't worry. Didn't Google comply with this trend and let everyone contribute voluntarily?
Does the third aspect of programmability lie in the trend of seamless connection between Web applications and desktop applications? Similar to what is said here, "from tools, from internet browsers to various browsers, rss readers and other content."
......
I'm not a professional developer, so I won't learn Web OS next time. Change my direction, or I'll be a big loser.
-
Cathayan and Live2 1 say that the idea of Web 2.0 is actually very old, and it is the return of Internet 1.0.
Live2 1 mentioned that "guessing the concept once or twice should not be a problem".
Speaking of concept hype, I've really seen it. I saw in a report today that the word BSP is WEB 2.0, which is very funny.
However, I really want to make it clear that all the materials that can be found in the Chinese blog space to learn and discuss Web 2.0 are not hype, because everyone including me has no business background (except those Web 2.0 in news reports).
[Web 2.0 is a historical concept, not a technical concept. This is the result of tracing the history of network development. Clarifying this concept can help me better grasp the technology and culture that are happening on the Internet. ]
A summary of the content of Chinese blogosphere Web 2.0;
I think the most valuable one is that the data formats of web applications have gradually emerged as exchange "standards" ... these standards are easier to be automatically processed by machines ... and can help people better screen and customize information. Secondly, more services will be provided in the form of network services, ... which enables web services to be integrated with each other, thus generating more new services ... The importance of people has increased. In the past, the web paid more attention to the provision of information, but now more and more applications pay more attention to people, which is called "socialization". In addition, more and more attention is paid to improving the usability of the web ... "[Old risk: throwing cold water on web 2.0]
-"RSS has gradually become the standard publishing platform for online content provision services. The rise of blogs and user-generated content. Comprehensive RSS service provided by my Yahoo. At the same time, some development fields worthy of close attention are put forward, including search technology, personalization, user-generated content (including blogs, comments, images and sounds), music, short videos and accessibility "[Owen: excerpt from mary meeker's new book-Digital World Development Report].
-"What we call Web2.0 brings us is a readable network, which shows that users are a dual-channel communication mode, that is, the interaction between web pages and users has evolved from the traditional" push "mode to the" two-way communication "mode of two-way communication. For the developers of Web services, the concepts brought by Web2.0 are the affinity, operability, user experience and usability of services. " [Owen: Backpack-Experience Reading and Writing Network Services]
-"web 2.0 is an overview of information that can be distributed, and web documents are formatted as web data. We won't see different old information anymore. What we are paying attention to now is a tool to aggregate and remix content. " [Song Zhen: On the Translation of Web 2.0]
From these applications, it can be seen that the implementation of the same function will become very complicated and unstable if it is based on traditional HTML, and the cost of data replication and exchange will be very high. Therefore, the ultimate contribution of RSS standard is to make most websites of the Internet programmable. A similar example is the TrackBack Ping mechanism in the blog, which is implemented by XML/RPC. The original design of an RSS/XML interface for Lucene was also for this original intention, so that full-text retrieval services can be easily embedded in various applications, and various contents can be well cited by keywords. " [Che Dong: RSS, Simple Protocol Makes Internet Programmable]
-"The possibility of aggregation and how to better aggregate (generally speaking, better aggregation should be based on personal knowledge management and interpersonal relationship management) should obviously become one of the cores of the new generation or web2.0 architecture. Also, you will rediscover that dispersion promotes aggregation and aggregation promotes dispersion. Through the thinking of aggregation, the network form of the Internet is becoming richer and denser, and web2.0 is becoming more and more interesting. We will continue to resolve the huge node of the web 1.0 era, namely the portal website, and strive to create a more harmonious natural network map. " [Ma: RSS, countless possibilities of aggregation]
-"New web2.0 websites all depend on user participation, user orientation and user construction". [Ma: the word web 2.0]
-keso: the difference between web1.0 and Web 2.0.
On the surface, Bloglines has replaced the portal as a new center, but there is one major difference. The portal is read-only and has some locking properties. You can leave the portal, but you can't take away the contents of the portal. Blogs are completely different. If you think it works, keep using it. One day you don't like blogs anymore. You can export your OPML to another RSS subscription site, or browse the same content with client software. So websites like Bloglines are writable, and you can import or export them. Just as you have the right to choose information, you also have the right to choose service providers. No one can lock you in, the initiative is in your own hands. "[Keso: Let's talk about the right to choose information]
-"Flickr, del.icio.us, Bloglines and other Web 2.0 services have gained many interesting and useful ideas through the open API, and with the help of external forces, users have gained a better experience. More big companies have joined the trend of opening API, such as Google, Yahoo! Amazon, Skype. Google Desktop Search only opened the API in March this year, which soon produced a large number of creations, greatly expanding the searchable file format. " [Keso: open API]
—— "Summary: web 1.0 talks about portals every day, while web2.0 talks about personalization; Web 1.0 focuses on content, while web2.0 focuses on application; Web 1.0 business model, web2.0 stresses service; Web 1.0 is closed, big and complete, while web2.0 is open and united. Web 1.0 website centralization, web2.0 talks about individual centralization; Web 1.0 one-to-one, web2.0 talks about social networking sites; Web 1.0 didn't know you were a dog. Web2.0 I know exactly what you did last summer and even want to do it. . . "[van_wuchanghua: I found N.HOOLYWOOD, and I know what you are going to do this summer]
-"I think Web2.0 has the following characteristics: personalized communication mode, expression mode of coexistence of reading and writing, socialized combination mode, standardized creation mode, convenient experience mode and high-density media mode." [Figo: Web2.0 and Future Networks]
-"A website written with RAILS has the characteristics of a typical read-write network: among the three architectures created by RAILS, if you read its most important base class, ACTIVE RECORD:: base, you will find that the methods such as CREAT, Edit, Save and Destroy are naturally included, which makes it so simple to realize the CRUDS behavior of a database. Because the methods of these classes are directly mapped to the name of the web page, this makes the web page itself like a data item of a database and can be edited. " [Blogriver: Ruby on Rails, a new idea in the wEB2.0 world]
-"Greasemonkey must be among the best. This plug-in can modify the output effect of any web page through user scripts, which greatly improves the user's autonomy in reading. As soon as it was launched, it caused a sensation and attracted a lot of controversy. "[WebLeon: platypus, completely writable Internet]
-"The transition from Web1.0 to Web2.0, specifically, is the development from simple reading to writing and * * * co-construction"; From the basic unit, it has developed from "web page" to "published/recorded information"; From tools, from internet browsers to various browsers, rss readers and other content; In the operation mechanism, it has changed from "client server" to "Web service"; The author has developed from programmers and other professionals to all ordinary users; The application has developed from a primary "funny" application to a comprehensive and large-scale application. "
Blog: The Rise of Personal Media
In the world of Web 2.0, blog (translated as "blog" and "blog" in Chinese) is definitely a "signature dish" and has gained wide popularity.
"9 1 1 event" is a milestone in the history of blog development. It is found that the blog established by the parties at the scene of the terrorist incident is the person who is most likely to give the first-hand and most authentic information. As a result, an important blog (warbler blog) flourished. "The truest and most vivid description of the 9 1 1 incident is not in The New York Times, but in the blogs of the survivors," wrote one blogger.
In the Chinese-speaking world, the person who made "blog" famous at one fell swoop was "Muzimei". Her exposure of personal privacy completely subverts the ethical tradition of China people. Netizens flocked to Muzimei's blog. While Muzimei's private life was exposed, blogs also entered the field of mass communication.
Blog is not a technical concept, for the convenience of management.