Post-gallstone syndrome (PCS), also known as sequelae of cholecystectomy and recurrent biliary tract syndrome, is a clinical syndrome related to biliary tract diseases after cholecystectomy. It is generally believed that about 25% ~ 30% patients may have transient symptoms after cholecystectomy, which can disappear quickly, and about 2% ~ 8% patients may need active treatment because of persistent symptoms. Diet maintenance after cholecystectomy
1. Control calories and lose weight
Control the total amount of food you eat. Every meal should be seven or eight minutes full (especially dinner) and keep your weight within the ideal range. Overweight and obese patients should lose weight.
Reduce fat and cholesterol
Pay attention to the reasonable collocation of meat and vegetables, and try to reduce the fat and cholesterol content in food. After cholecystectomy, due to the lack of enough concentrated bile, excessive intake of fat and cholesterol will cause digestive dysfunction, and fatty diarrhea will occur in severe cases, leading to malnutrition. Usually advocate the use of vegetable oil, avoid the intake of animal oil, and try to eat less thick soup, chicken soup, fish soup and other foods. Reduce the intake of nuts with high fat content, such as peanuts, melon seeds, walnuts, almonds and pistachios. Strictly restrict high cholesterol foods such as animal viscera, egg yolk, squid, sardines, animal brains, fish eggs and crab roe. Eat up to 3 ~ 4 eggs a week. Avoid overeating or excessive hunger, and eat as little as possible.
3. High-quality egg whites should be supplemented.
Supplementing enough egg white is beneficial to repair liver cell damage caused by cholecystitis and gallstones. You can choose low-fat and high-quality egg white with fish, shrimp, poultry, tofu and bean products as the main ingredients, with little oil.
4. Vegetables and fruits stay healthy
The daily intake of vegetables should be above 500g, and there are at least two kinds of fruits. Vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamins and minerals, which is helpful to improve the metabolic disorder and rehabilitation of patients. Vegetables and fruits are also rich in dietary fiber, which can reduce the formation of cholesterol and the absorption of fat and sugar, thus reducing blood lipid and blood sugar.
5. It is beneficial to choose coarse grains.
Eat more foods with high dietary fiber, including corn, millet, sweet potato, oats, buckwheat and other coarse grains to promote bile excretion.
6. Alcohol and tobacco are spicy and need to be quit.
Patients undergoing cholecystectomy must quit smoking and drinking, because smoking and drinking will increase the burden on the liver. Eat less irritating food, such as onion, garlic, ginger, pepper, pepper, curry and so on.
7. Pay attention to cooking and have a way.
Cooking should be light, and it is best to use methods such as stewing, stewing and simmering soup to avoid frying, roasting, smoking and semi-cooked cooking, and try to use less seasoning. Only in this way can we adapt to the changes of biliary tract function after operation and reduce the burden of digestive system.
Does the human body affect the digestive function after cholecystectomy?
Zhang Shaowu, Attending Physician of Huafeng Hospital in Guiyang
The main function of gallbladder is to store bile. After eating, the gallbladder contracts, so that the stored bile is discharged into the duodenum to help digestion and absorption of food. Then, once the gallbladder is removed due to gallbladder lesions, will it affect the digestive function and health of the human body?
In fact, although this kind of worry is reasonable, it is not entirely correct, because the gallbladder is not an indispensable organ in the body. Many higher animals, such as horses, deer, elephants and whales, are born without gallbladder, and their lives are not much different from those of some animals with gallbladder. A few people were born without gallbladder because of abnormal embryonic development of gallbladder, but they still live the same life as normal people. After cholecystectomy, the patient's original symptoms disappeared immediately. Although the gallbladder has lost the function of concentrating and storing bile, it has little effect on the digestion and absorption function of patients.
Scientific tests show that the digestion and absorption function of patients after cholecystectomy is not much different from that of normal people. After cholecystectomy, the content of bile acids in the bile of patients with cholesterol stones will gradually increase, so that the supersaturated bile before operation will gradually become normal bile. Therefore, as long as the bile duct stones are completely removed during cholecystectomy, cholesterol stones will not recur. Therefore, after cholecystectomy, there will be no adverse effects on health and digestion and absorption, so don't worry at all.
Furthermore, after cholecystectomy, the bile duct wall will thicken and the bile duct mucus glands will increase. Bile duct often discharges bile into duodenum to make up for the loss of gallbladder's function of storing concentrated bile, and at the same time it will not affect the digestion and absorption of fat. Therefore, it is not necessary to avoid eating meat and oil after surgery. If the body consumes too little fat, it is not good for the body, but not good for human health. Of course, the recovery of the body after operation and the establishment of compensatory function need a process. The intake of animal fat and eggs should not be too much, and the fat content in food should be gradually increased, so that the body can have a gradual adaptation process. Because it takes some time to adjust the compensatory function after cholecystectomy, the digestive function of human body is relatively weakened at this time. Therefore, patients after cholecystectomy should pay attention to the following problems in home care:
1. It is advisable to eat a liquid diet with high carbohydrate and low fat within two weeks after operation, such as thick rice soup, lotus root starch, soybean milk, soft noodles, lotus seed and jujube porridge, etc. , in order to facilitate human digestion and absorption.
2. To restore a normal diet, it is advisable to maintain a diet with low fat, low cholesterol and high egg white, and avoid eating brain, liver, kidney, fish and fried foods. It is also advisable to avoid eating fat and drinking alcohol, so as not to affect liver function or cause bile duct stones.
3. Pay attention to mental health, keep emotional stability and open-mindedness at all times, and avoid negative emotions such as anger, anxiety and depression, so as to prevent the disorder of the regulatory performance of the central nervous system and autonomic nerves and affect the recovery of bile duct compensatory function.
4. Take part in physical exercise and light manual labor properly, avoid sitting in the bedroom forever and doing too little activity, so as to facilitate the recovery of physical function.
5. Under the guidance of a doctor, take anti-inflammatory and cholagogic drugs, such as western medicine anti-inflammatory and cholagogic tablets, Chinese medicine Dachaihu decoction and Jinlingzi powder. And supplement vitamins b, c, k, etc. According to different environments, it is of great significance to protect the liver and prevent bleeding.
It is suggested to adopt the following methods to get rid of diseases, strengthen the body and prolong life. I wish you good health
1, by auxiliary method
Posture, Breathing and Mind: You can practice in places more than two feet high, such as sofa armrests, tables and bedside. At first, you only do simple mechanical exercises, regardless of breathing or thinking. When your arm feels slightly sour and tired, you will start to add ideas and cooperate with breathing. Inhale when the body goes down, inhale through the pores of the whole body, and suck it up. When you get up, hold your body with your hands and relax. Don't rush to do continuous action. Take a rest during erection, exhale when you get up, and expect the true qi in the body to go up along the tail, pass through the Du meridian, and then go down to the lower abdomen and perineum. Shout for a while, shout for a while, then relax and stand for a while, and you can get the job.
Efficacy: 1. Enhance internal qi. Practice this formula from time to time, and you will feel that the internal qi runs up one by one along the back. Usually, when standing, I often see my tail sticking up angrily, which is a sign of being full of gas. 2, the treatment of diseases on the Du meridian, because when the gas is enough, it will impact the Shu points on both sides, so it is also a comprehensive conditioning of the upper body.
2. Sleep and exercise
Body posture, breathing and thoughts: First, lie on your back, relax your whole body, put your hands at your sides and breathe. When you inhale, you want the true qi in the universe to be sucked in through the pores of the whole body. When you exhale, you want your whole body's sick and turbid qi to be ejected through your whole body's pores and penetrate the horizon.
After doing it for a period of time, give up the idea of sucking the racket and let nature take its course until you know that you are still practicing, or you can practice lying on your side, with your right side lying, your right hand facing up, on your head, your left hand on your left hip, and your legs naturally bending and breathing. The same idea. You can fall asleep in the practice state, and don't get up when you wake up. You can practice breathing in bed with your eyes closed and get up after you feel breathing all over. This method of falling asleep during practice and getting up after practice is equivalent to practicing all night, which soon increases your skills. After practicing for a long time, there is often a sense of drift. The more you fall silent, the more obvious this feeling becomes. When you concentrate, you will really see signs floating from the bed.
Efficacy: it has special effects on mental retardation, insomnia and dreaminess, and it is easy to settle down after long-term practice.
3, walking movement: posture, breathing, mind: walking heel first landing, step by step, breathing with the body, that is, when inhaling, I want the true qi in the universe to be inhaled into the body through the capillaries of the whole body, and when exhaling, I want the whole body to be sick, turbid and exhausted through the capillaries of the whole body, penetrating the horizon. Breathing should be combined with walking speed, not walking fast.
Efficacy: practicing the function of natural ventilation, landing the heel first, can mobilize the kidney meridian, so it has the effect of strengthening the kidney and consolidating the foundation.
4, running: posture: jogging, breathing, mind: body breathing, that is, when inhaling, I want the true qi in the universe to be inhaled into the body through the capillaries of the whole body, and when exhaling, I want the sick gas, turbid gas and exhausted gas of the whole body to shoot out through the capillaries of the whole body and penetrate the horizon. Breathing should be combined with running speed, not too fast.
Note: When practicing running, the tip of your tongue is always close to your upper gum. When saliva comes out of the mouth, it means that the endocrine system is already active, and saliva can be swallowed in a few mouthfuls. When jogging, don't fluctuate too much, but pay attention to it gently.
Efficacy: Indicating Sjogren's syndrome and strengthening the function of endocrine system; General conditioning.
5, trembling method:
Body posture, movements and thoughts: feet are shoulder-width apart, hands droop naturally, legs are slightly bent, the whole body is relaxed, eyebrows are stretched, the face is smiling, and the whole body regularly shakes up and down. After shaking for a while, my body relaxed, and I wanted to let the sick, turbid and exhausted gas of the whole body drain to the ground along the already unblocked meridians. Then I gave up the idea of discharging sick gas, stayed in the abdomen for a while, looked at the environment where the qi in the body was running, and finally took three deep breaths and sank the gas into the abdomen as a reward. This skill can be practiced anytime and anywhere, regardless of the venue.
Breathing: Natural breathing.
Efficacy: drive away evil spirits; Indications: neurasthenia, dizziness and head swelling. After practicing, I feel tall and clear-headed. Especially suitable for memory workers to practice; It is a kind of systemic conditioning, and the whole body relaxes after practice.
6, with the sound to help the gas stand palm method: posture, breathing "two arms straight down, fingertips up, palm root down, nasal when exhaling, at the same time relax both arms, hands, with the sound to urge gas, along the two arms down, experience the palm feeling. You can also push your palms forward and raise your arms horizontally.
Efficacy: dredge the meridians of the two arms, help release external qi, and use the qi emitted by the labor palace as hot air, which has a good effect on treating cold syndrome; Can be used for treating visceral diseases related to two arms and three yin hands and three yang hands.
Patients who underwent cholecystectomy due to diseases such as gallstones and cholecystitis should pay attention to self-care after operation to prevent secondary colorectal cancer. After cholecystectomy, the incidence of colorectal cancer can increase, mainly because after cholecystectomy, the secondary cholic acid in the body enters the intestine and increases, which stimulates the proliferation of colon mucosa, thus increasing the risk of colon adenoma and colon cancer. Therefore, patients undergoing cholecystectomy should take more physical activities to promote intestinal peristalsis; Eat more vegetables, fruits and coarse grains rich in cellulose to keep the stool unobstructed; Control weight and avoid obesity; Eat more fresh milk and dairy products. Milk is rich in calcium and vitamins A and D, which can inhibit or reduce the secretion of cholic acid. In addition, often observe the situation of stool, such as bleeding, changes in stool morphology, etc., in order to find it as soon as possible.
Gallbladder is the place where human body stores bile. Bile secreted by the liver is continuously stored and concentrated. When eating, the gallbladder discharges concentrated bile into the duodenum through its own contraction to help digest fat. If the gallbladder is removed only for various reasons, such as cholecystitis, stones, polyps, gallbladder cancer, etc., then people will face changes in physiological conditions caused by uncontrolled bile. At this time, bile will continue to enter the duodenum, but people can't get enough bile to help digestion when eating, and there will be symptoms of indigestion, such as abdominal discomfort, bloating and diarrhea. Attention should be paid to the following points after cholecystectomy:
1. Dietary guidance to choose digestible food. In the near future after operation, try to reduce the intake of fat and cholesterol, and do not eat or eat less fat, fried food, animal offal, etc. If the taste requires it, you can cook the food properly with some olive oil. It is necessary to increase foods rich in egg white to meet the needs of human metabolism, such as lean meat, aquatic products, bean products and so on. Eat more foods rich in dietary fiber and vitamins, such as fresh fruits and vegetables. Develop the habit of eating regularly, and eat a little more to adapt to the physiological changes after cholecystectomy. The symptoms of indigestion will last for about half a year. As time goes on, the common bile duct will gradually expand, which will replace the gallbladder, and the symptoms of indigestion will gradually ease. At this time, the diet can gradually transition to normal.
2. Psychological care after cholecystectomy should maintain a happy attitude towards life and avoid negative emotions such as anxiety and depression. Within two or three months after operation, you can take a walk and other activities to promote the recovery of your body.
3. Review the drugs according to the doctor's advice on time and go to the hospital for follow-up visit on time, and see a doctor in time if there is any discomfort.
Cholecystectomy for cholecystitis. Generally, 40% ~ 45% patients are satisfied with the curative effect and the symptoms disappear. However, a few patients still have the original symptoms after operation, or the original symptoms recur after a period of remission, and some have new symptoms. These symptoms are collectively called "post-cholecystectomy condensation syndrome".
Patients with post-cholecystectomy syndrome have gastrointestinal symptoms and systemic symptoms such as epigastric pain, colic-like attack, jaundice, chills and fever, nausea, vomiting, depression, irritability and progressive weight loss. This symptom occurs in 2% ~ 8% people after cholecystectomy.
After cholecystectomy, the dysfunction of biliary system is caused by the disorder of biliary tract dynamics and abnormal bile flow. In addition, some pathological reasons also play a major role, the common factors are:
Residual stones in intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, especially the lower end of common bile duct, or regenerative stones. Excessive indwelling of cystic duct leads to residual inflammation of cystic duct; Injury and stenosis of bile duct or Oddi sphincter; Primary diseases such as peptic ulcer, esophageal hiatal hernia, chronic pancreatitis, gastritis, liver cirrhosis and periampullary tumor were not treated and punished during operation. Some mental factors and so on.
After the operation, the above manifestations should be analyzed and treated. If there are organic lesions, residual stones (especially common bile duct), tumors around ampulla and obstruction of common bile duct, reoperation should be performed.
What should you pay attention to after cholecystectomy?
After cholecystectomy, people understand that some changes have taken place, and these compensatory changes in the body are to meet the needs of digestion. This process takes about 2 ~ 3 months. In the recent compensatory adaptation period, the function of digesting and absorbing fat will inevitably be temporarily affected. In order to adapt to this change, people who have undergone cholecystectomy should appropriately limit their fat intake (the so-called low-fat diet), and they can adopt the method of eating less and eating more meals, especially not eating too much animal fat food, such as fat meat and pig's trotters, at one time. After 2 months, according to the reaction to food, you can gradually increase some fatty foods, from less to more. If we feel uncomfortable, we will reduce or temporarily stop eating. After a period of adaptation, there will be no reaction to fatty foods.
Elderly patients
The characteristics of elderly patients are that with the increase of age, important organs undergo physiological degeneration, and their abilities of stress, compensation, repair, healing, digestion and absorption are poor, especially when accompanied by chronic organic diseases of different degrees, there will be potential dangers after LC. Choose a suitable lying position after LC, and pay attention to the following points according to the characteristics of elderly patients.
Close observation of the disease: Due to the decline of the reserve function of various organs in the elderly, slow response and many chronic diseases, tracheal intubation and CO2 pneumoperitoneum are a great stimulus to the elderly patients, and a little negligence may cause irreparable consequences. After operation, we not only measured vital signs on time, but also closely observed the recovery environment of patients' consciousness and muscle strength, and often asked about their illness.
Psychological care: The elderly have poor tolerance for surgery, and often have a heavy mental burden with postoperative incision pain or other discomfort. We try our best to help patients meet their daily needs, enlighten and comfort them, and make them pass the recovery period after operation smoothly.
Nursing care of abdominal distension and difficulty in exhausting: Due to the slow recovery of organ functions and poor compensatory ability of the elderly, gastrointestinal decompression and drainage can cause water and electrolyte disorders. Hypokalemia is more common in elderly patients undergoing surgery. Gastrointestinal hypotonic enteroparalysis can also aggravate abdominal distension due to potassium deficiency. Anal tube exhaust, acupuncture Zusanli, Dachangshu and other acupoints, encourage patients to get out of bed early, promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, and assist exhaust. On the second day after operation, you can eat liquid food after anal exhaust. Due to the slow recovery of gastrointestinal function in the elderly, high-fat diet is prohibited within two weeks after operation.
Pay attention to diet is the key, try to focus on light diet, and don't eat spicy food that stimulates cold and is too greasy.
The function of gallbladder is mainly to store and concentrate bile secreted by liver. When people eat, bile in the gallbladder will flow to the intestinal cavity through the common bile duct to help digest food. After cholecystectomy, its function was replaced by common bile duct.
After the operation, you should avoid eating high-fat food and fried and indigestible food for a period of time. From soup to porridge to normal diet, the dietary requirements are from less to more, and gradually adapt, so there should be no discomfort after eating.
Surgical cholecystectomy is an effective method to treat gallstones. Gallbladder is an indispensable but not indispensable organ of human body. After cholecystectomy, after a period of mediation and recovery, patients can obtain their own adjustment compensation, that is, through the compensatory expansion of bile duct, the normal physiological function of the body can be effectively maintained.
Because it takes some time to adjust the compensatory function after cholecystectomy, the digestive function of human body is relatively weakened at this time. Therefore, patients after cholecystectomy should pay attention to the following problems in home care:
1. It is advisable to eat a liquid diet with high carbohydrate and low fat within two weeks after operation, such as thick rice soup, lotus root starch, soybean milk, soft noodles, lotus seed and jujube porridge, etc. , in order to facilitate human digestion and absorption.
2. To restore a normal diet, it is advisable to maintain a diet with low fat, low cholesterol and high egg white, and avoid eating brain, liver, kidney, fish and fried foods. It is also advisable to avoid eating fat and drinking alcohol, so as not to affect liver function or cause bile duct stones.
3. Pay attention to mental health, keep emotional stability and open-mindedness at all times, and avoid negative emotions such as anger, anxiety and depression, so as to prevent the disorder of the regulatory performance of the central nervous system and autonomic nerves and affect the recovery of bile duct compensatory function.
4. Take part in physical exercise and light manual labor properly, avoid sitting in the bedroom forever and doing too little activity, so as to facilitate the recovery of physical function.
5. Under the guidance of a doctor, take anti-inflammatory and cholagogic drugs, such as western medicine anti-inflammatory and cholagogic tablets, Chinese medicine Dachaihu decoction and Jinlingzi powder. And supplement vitamins b, c, k, etc. According to different environments, it is of great significance to protect the liver and prevent bleeding.
Diet and daily life after cholelithiasis surgery
1: After operation, gastrointestinal tract is stimulated, peristalsis is reduced, liver function is inhibited, and bile secretion is reduced, which will affect the function of the whole digestive system. Therefore, strict fasting and intravenous infusion of various nutrients should be taken on 1 ~ 2 days after operation. On the third day, according to the environment, give a liquid diet, such as rice soup, soybean milk, lotus root starch, fruit juice and so on. And then gradually changed to skim milk with sweet bread, rice porridge, bean curd soup, jujube paste and pasta.
2. Within 1 month after operation, the intake of fatty foods, fast-high-fat and fried foods should be reduced. Some people think that it is wrong to change the past low-fat diet after removing the "key points". After cholecystectomy, it will lose the function of regulating bile discharge into the intestine, and its response to fat digestion will be weakened. In particular, digesting a lot of fatty foods in a short time will cause abdominal distension, diarrhea and indigestion, which is beyond our power. Reducing fat intake mainly means not eating or eating as little as possible fat, animal offal, egg yolk and fried food, and not eating all kinds of "fast food" with high fat and high calorie. Use as little animal oil as possible when cooking, but increase vegetable oil in moderation. The dishes are mainly steamed, stewed and cold. Eat less stir-fry, especially avoid spicy food and alcohol, so as to reduce the adverse stimulation to the biliary tract.
3. Gradually strengthen nutrition. After cholecystectomy 1 month, the diet should also be light, and strengthening the necessary nutritional supplements will help patients recover as soon as possible. After several weeks of adaptation and compensation, the common bile duct connecting the liver and small intestine gradually expanded, replacing the gallbladder's function of storing bile. If there is no abnormality in digestive function, you can eat a normal diet. You can appropriately increase the intake of egg white and eat some foods with high egg white quality. Eat lean meat, aquatic products and beans every day, and drink a glass of milk is better. If you are not used to eating milk or fish, you can eat more soy products and mushrooms to make up for the lack of animal protein. In principle, it is not advisable to consume too much fat and cholesterol after cholecystectomy, but it is not necessary to restrict fat excessively, because the necessary amount of fat in the intestine is necessary to stimulate bile secretion, expand the volume of the common bile duct and keep the biliary tract unobstructed. In addition, eating more foods rich in fiber and vitamins is also very beneficial to the postoperative recovery of patients.
4. Increase the frequency of eating properly. It should be noted that it is not advisable to eat more meals per meal, especially within 3 to 6 months after operation, and it is advisable to eat four meals a day. Eating less and eating more meals can reduce the burden on the digestive system and is conducive to postoperative rehabilitation. It is best to be jealous every day, because vinegar can enhance the digestive ability of the stomach and adjust the pH in the intestine, thus helping bile to play its role and promoting the digestion of fatty foods. Drinking tea regularly and eating more fresh fruits and vegetables are also helpful to the digestion and absorption of food.
What complementary food should I eat after cholelithiasis surgery?
After the patient's operation, many family members are often eager to supplement his nutrition, hoping that the patient can recover soon. However, after the operation, the patient's digestive function was weakened. If you eat too early and eat too much tonic, it will encourage you.
Because of anesthesia and the disease itself, the digestive function of postoperative patients will inevitably be hindered, and they can't digest food and absorb nutrition well. Therefore, patients should not eat too early after operation. Non-digestive tract surgery patients generally begin to eat ordinary diet 6 hours after operation. Digestive tract surgery depends on the type of surgery and the environment of anal exhaust. Start drinking a small amount of water after the anus is vented. If there is no discomfort, you can eat liquid food (rice soup, vegetable soup, etc. ), and then gradually transition to semi-liquid food (thin strips of flour, rice noodles, etc.). ), digestible staple food, general food. You shouldn't eat too much at every meal. It is also inappropriate to drink milk too early, because milk is cold and easy to cause flatulence.
Postoperative patients should eat nutritious and digestible food. For the elderly and infirm, the time of eating liquid and semi-liquid food should be appropriately extended to facilitate digestion. For ordinary patients, after the condition has improved steadily, they can be given ordinary diet.
Patients usually eat sweets during liquid food, such as lotus root starch and orange juice. However, some patients have anorexia and even nausea and vomiting because they are not used to sweets, which obviously affects their health. At this time, if the soup can be cooked with lean meat or fresh fish properly, it can not only ensure nutrition but also promote eating requirements, and the patient will recover soon.
The patient's diet should not be too meticulous. Postoperative patients often focus on a diet with high egg white and high calorie, ignoring the intake of vitamins. The repair of the body needs various nutrients, especially crude fiber food. For patients lying in bed after operation, foods containing crude fiber can promote gastrointestinal activities and keep defecation unobstructed. Therefore, a certain amount of vegetables, especially green leafy vegetables, should be matched in the diet.