At present, artificial gravity technology is not in theory, but in practice.
The simplest way of artificial gravity is to rely on the concept of equivalence principle put forward by Einstein in 19 1 1.
According to the equivalence principle, people in a closed house can't tell whether they are standing on the ground or at a speed of 9.8m/s? Acceleration of deep space flight.
So according to this idea, we can completely keep the acceleration of the spacecraft at 9.8m/s? Accelerate the flight. So astronauts will feel like standing on the ground.
However, the biggest drawback of this method is that the acceleration process cannot last too long. After all, it is not advisable to maintain accelerated motion by constantly consuming fuel.
The most reliable way is to use centrifugal force to simulate gravity.
In fact, centrifugal force is virtual force. It is relative to the stressed object.
When you sit on a big disk and rotate, from the perspective of an external observer, you can keep balance because friction provides centripetal force.
But as yourself, you can feel the friction, but why can you stand still?
Then you will assume that a force of equal magnitude and opposite direction cancels the friction force, which in your opinion is centrifugal force.
On the space station, we can rely on the centrifugal force generated by rotation to simulate gravity.
But this requires a huge power system to produce rotation.
But at present, no country in the world can launch such a bulky centrifugal power generation system into outer space because the rocket load is too low.
If the launch parts are reassembled several times, no country can bear the cost. Moreover, many experiments on the space station need to be carried out in microgravity.
Therefore, there is no need for the International Space Station to make a centrifugal force simulation gravity system like a science fiction film.
First, the economic effect is not cost-effective, and second, many experiments need microgravity.
But in the future interstellar travel, a simulated gravity system will be built.
In science fiction movies and TV, everyone has seen a space station that looks like the outline of a tire. This space station is a rotating ring space station.
As we all know, there is no gravity in space, so people and things are floating. This weightlessness is ok for a short time, but it is not good for life and work for a long time, and it is not good for human health.
If we want to stay in space for a long time, we must create artificial gravity. Under the current scientific theory, the only way is to simulate the acceleration of gravity by using centripetal acceleration with uniform circular motion. Centripetal acceleration and gravitational acceleration are not exactly the same. If centripetal acceleration really replaces the acceleration of gravity, we will live on the inner wall of the circular rotating space station. Compared with living on the surface of the earth, there will be many subtle differences in daily phenomena. For example, free-falling objects no longer fall vertically to the ground, but have a perceptible trajectory deviation and landing point (there is no longer the saying of "lifting a rock to hit your own feet"), and there is a perceptible weight change within several floors (imagine climbing from the first floor to the second floor when the weight exceeds the standard, you can lose weight successfully and lose weight without pain! ), along the rotating direction of the space station, the forward movement will be perceived as overweight, and the reverse movement will be perceived as weightless (running backwards can also lose weight, and losing weight instantly is no longer a dream! ! ), axial movement is only normal.
But in the weightless space, under the current scientific theory, centripetal acceleration is the best and only choice to simulate gravity, which can at least help us realize up, down, forward and backward movements. (digression, in the theory of relativity, the acceleration of linear motion is equivalent to the acceleration of gravity, but obviously, we can't always be in linear acceleration, otherwise the space station that originally wanted to stay on a certain planet will become a spaceship, and there will definitely not be enough fuel to keep the spaceship flying at an accelerated speed. )
So, how to design a rotating ring space station? The basic design formula of self-reforming space station is actually very simple, which is actually the physical level of junior high school. The formula is: a = r4π 2n 2.