Obesity is a major health problem facing the whole world at present. It is closely related to many diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, stroke, fatty liver, asthma, chronic kidney disease, cancer (breast cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, etc.). ), etc. Body mass index (BMI) has always been a measurement tool for diagnosing obesity because of its simplicity and convenience, but in fact fat is the only one.

However, according to different cell differentiation and histological types, the fat stored in human body can be divided into two types: white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), which play different roles and are not both killers. Many studies have found that BAT can burn excess energy in the body to generate heat energy, which is helpful to improve metabolic diseases and even has the potential to be used in the treatment of obesity.

The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIH, NIDDK) also held an academic forum on brown fat in February 20 14. Many scholars have discussed the function, new research and technology of bats, and bats have become the focus of current research.

Adults also have brown fat.

Water is used to store excess energy, which will secrete cytokines. As we all know, too much water will lead to abnormal metabolism and insulin resistance. Relatively speaking, the existence and function of BAT may be unfamiliar. There are many bats in newborn babies, which can be used to help them maintain normal body temperature. In the past, it was generally believed that bats would gradually disappear with age, and there would be no bats in the body after entering adulthood. However, clinical observation showed that adult patients with pheochromocytoma underwent fluorine-18 deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET).

In normal healthy people, when the air cooling temperature is low, the signal in the same area will be stronger than when the temperature is high. Compared with ordinary WAT, these areas with enhanced signal are sliced. On the analysis of mRNA expression of genes, these tissues showed UCP 1 (uncoupling protein 1) unique to primitive bats, which was related to energy metabolism and heat production of mitochondria, except UCP 1. Dio 2 (deoxyribonuclease, iodothyronine, type Ⅱ), PGC 1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co activator 1α) which regulates the expression of UCP 1 α, and PRDM 16(pr domain contains/kloc-0), an important regulator of BAT formation.