From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the emperor's courtesy to the prime minister gradually degenerated, and Song Taizu abolished the sitting ceremony, which greatly reduced the position of the prime minister. The Northern Song Dynasty followed the Tang system, with Pingzhang affairs under the same book as the prime minister and the governor's participation in politics as the deputy. In Song Shenzong, there are two prime ministers. The Prime Minister said that Shang Shu's left servant shot and assistant minister under the door, and the second time with Shang Shu's right servant shot and assistant minister in the book; In addition, there are assistant ministers under the door, assistant ministers in the book, and ministers have left and right. Xiaozong was renamed Zuoyou Prime Minister in Southern Song Dynasty. Liao has two prime ministers' offices in the north and south, each with its own prime minister. Prime Minister Jin is the chief official of Shangshu Province, who is in charge of ministers' orders, controls the prime minister and makes peace in politics. In the Yuan Dynasty, Zhongshu Province was the highest government agency, and the chief official, Zhongshu Order, was often held by the Crown Prince, but it was not permanent. There are left and right prime ministers, followed by Pingzhang politics, and the deputy is left and right Cheng, who is in charge of actual government affairs. In the early Ming dynasty, there was also a province of Zhongshu, which controlled the prime minister. After Hu was killed in the 13th year of Hongwu (1380), Zhu Yuanzhang dismissed the prime minister and the emperor took charge of government affairs, which was a major change in the prime minister system. In the early years of Yongle, Hanlin entered the imperial palace, participated in government affairs, and set up a cabinet university assistant document. After that, the position of the cabinet became more and more important, and the university students became the de facto prime ministers, called auxiliary ministers, and the first one was the records. In the early Qing dynasty, the Ming system was followed, and a cabinet university was established to exercise the power of prime minister. However, the meeting of the former Manchu aristocratic king was also a deliberative body, ranking above the cabinet. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, a military department was set up in the palace, and the minister of military affairs was appointed by the emperor to assist the emperor in handling state secrets and became the de facto chief executive.
Ming and Qing dynasties like to address important positions by ancient official names, so they often call cabinet college students or military ministers as phase. In fact, it is obvious that after Hongwu abolished the prime minister for thirteen years, he no longer set up a phase. Generally speaking, due to the strengthening of the centralization of monarchy, the power of the prime minister has decreased.
1. Set a precedent and become a leader-Guan Zhong, the first prime minister of China
[Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]
Guan zhong's real name is also mine, and the word zhong is also called Guan. Zhou Wang was born in Yingshang (by the Shui Ying River) and was born with his surname. Outstanding politicians, famous military strategists and military reformers in the Spring and Autumn Period helped Qi Huangong become the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period. For Guan Zhong's remarks, see Mandarin. Chyi Yu. Another book, Guanzi, has been handed down from generation to generation.
Guan Zhong came from a poor family and studied hard since childhood. He knows "poetry" and "books", understands etiquette, is rich in knowledge, and has high martial arts. He and his friend Bao are Gong Zijiu's teachers respectively. In the 12th year of Qi Xianggong (686 BC), the state of Qi was in turmoil, and Sun was ignorant, so he killed King Qixiang and became king on his own. A year later, Gongsun Zan was killed in ignorance, leaving Qi without a monarch. Gong Zijiu and Xiao Bai, who are in exile, strive to return to China as soon as possible to seize the throne. In order to make Xiaobai a monarch, Guan Zhong tried to shoot him in the middle of the ambush, but the arrow hit Xiaobai's copper belt hook. Xiaobai pretended to be dead, and with Bao's help, he first returned to China and ascended the throne. He is the famous Qi Huangong in history. When Huan Gong ascended the throne, he managed to kill Gong Zijiu and Guan Zhong, the enemy who shot his own arrow. Bao tried to dissuade him, pointing out that Guan Zhong was a genius in the world, and asked Huan Gong to think about the prosperity of Qi, forget old grievances and reuse Guan Zhong. Duke Huan accepted the suggestion, took Zhong back to China, and soon got married and presided over the state affairs. Guan Zhong can display all his talents. At first, Guan Zhong put forward the strategy of repairing neighbors to Huan Gong, starting from the inside and waiting for the situation to dominate. However, Duke Huan did not listen to him, and rashly attacked Lu in the following year, and was defeated by Lu in the battle of ladle.
After the war, Guan Zhong carried out a series of reforms to make Qi rich and strong as soon as possible, enriching the people, making the country rich and the army strong.
On the economic front, he emphasized that "the granary knows etiquette, food and clothing know honor and disgrace", and thought that whether the country can be stable and whether the people can abide by the law is closely related to whether the economy develops. He abolished the public land system that Qi still kept, and implemented the land tax policy based on the fertility of the land, which made the tax more reasonable and improved the people's enthusiasm for production. Set up salt officials to cook salt, set up iron officials to develop fisheries, and the state minted coins to adjust prices and promote commodity circulation; Encourage businessmen to trade with overseas countries. Qi's economy has developed rapidly.
Politically, we should adjust administrative divisions and institutions. Divide the capital into 2 1 towns. Among them, there are 6 industrial and commercial townships, and the villagers specialize in this industry and refuse to perform military service, and there are 5 rural townships/kloc-0. In wartime, villagers usually farm and serve as soldiers. Outside the capital, it is divided into cities, towns, townships and counties, all of which are managed by officials. 10 county genus 1 genus, there are 5 genera in China and 5 doctors in charge. At the beginning of each year, five doctors report their internal affairs to the monarch. This formed the rule of the whole country.
On the military side, Guan Zhong thinks that soldiers are not good enough, and emphasizes that soldiers should be brought into agriculture and the administrative Baojia system should be closely integrated with military organizations. In rural areas, five are 1 tracks, 1 tracks are 1 Li, four are 1 company, 1 company is1township, and five townships are1army. Each family has 1 soldiers, and 1 army has 10,000 soldiers. There are three armies in China. The monarch commands 1 Army and two ministers command 1 Army. Every spring and autumn, the army uses hunting training to improve its combat effectiveness. Thanks to Guan Zhong's reform, Qi became strong rapidly. Guan Zhong also proposed to Qi Huangong the strategy of dominating the Central Plains, that is, "respecting the king and rejecting foreign countries". The so-called "respect for the king" means supporting the Zhou royal family. At that time, the decline of the royal family in the Western Zhou Dynasty caused wars among countries. First of all, hold up the statue of Wang Daqi, and you can gain the position of leader by Zhou's life. The so-called "anti-Japanese war" means that the Miao and Rong people in northern China used the war between the Central Plains countries at that time to invade China, posing a serious threat to all countries, and taking the lead in cutting down foreigners would win the support of all countries.
[Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]
In the thirty-fourth year of Qi Huangong (652 BC), King Hui of Zhou died. Together with the vassal States, Zheng was made the son of heaven, that is, King Xiang of Zhou. After King Xiang of Zhou acceded to the throne, he sent people to offer sacrifices to Huan Gong as a reward. Duke Huan convened a gift-giving ceremony in Kuiqiu (near Kaocheng, Henan Province), and made a covenant on the basis of Guan Zhong's suggestion. At this point, with the assistance of Guan Zhong, Qi Huangong presided over three armed alliances, six peace alliances and once assisted the royal family. He was known as the "Nine Princes, Conquering the World" and became a recognized hegemon. Guan Zhong made an immortal contribution to the creation of hegemony. Because of his outstanding achievements, he was named Guan Zhong by Huan Gong.
2. man of great talent is as deep as the sea-Li Si (? -208 years ago)
Li Si was born in Shangcai, Chu (now southwest of Shangcai, Henan). Advocate the use of small seal as the standard font.
Xiao Zhuan, also known as Qin Zhuan, is the symmetry of Da Zhuan, which gives people a feeling of flexibility, roundness and health, and plays a great role in standardizing Chinese characters. The appearance of Xiao Zhuan is a great progress in the history of Chinese character development. According to Tai Ping Guang Ji and Meng Tian Bi Jing, this book was written by Li Si, a scholar of Cai in Chu State.
Li Si was a famous politician, writer and calligrapher in Qin Dynasty. When he was young, he first worked as a small official in the countryside and managed documents. Later, he studied with Xun Qing and became a Tingwei. During Qin Shihuang's reign, Li Si was appointed as prime minister with outstanding political vision and talents.
Before the unification of Qin Dynasty, due to the long-term separatist regime of vassal states, there was a situation of abnormal language and writing. Qin Shihuang always hoped to have a standard font to replace the variant characters that were popular before, so he found that Lisi was good at calligraphy and gave him this task. Li Si simplified the seal script and sorted out a set of characters with simple strokes and neat glyphs, which was called Qin Zhuan. After reading these new books, Qin Shihuang was very satisfied, so he set them as standard fonts and ordered them to be used nationwide. At that time, people were not familiar with the structure of Biography, and it was difficult to write it satisfactorily. Li Si, Zhao Gao, Hu Wu and others wrote models such as Cang Xie, Ji Li and erudition for everyone to imitate.
[Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]
One year before his death, Qin Shihuang went to Huiji (now Shaoxing) in the East to worship Dayu's tomb, climbed Tianzhu Peak (later called Qinwangshan), overlooking the tidal bore in the East China Sea, and ordered Prime Minister Li Si to write an inscription in calligraphy. The day after Li Si was ordered to write all night, he picked a stone carving on the ridge and stood at the top of Mount Emei (later called Stone Carving Mountain) in Huiji, which is the famous stone carving in history. It is said that the stone carvings written by Li Si include Mount Tai, Langya, Yishan and Huiji.
3. Xiao He, the vassal who paid tribute to the later generations after the crown, was the founding star of the Western Han Dynasty (? ~ former 193)
Prime minister in early Han dynasty. Posthumous title's "Wen Hou" is the first in three outstanding heroes of early han dynasty.
Assist Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang to establish the Han regime.
Politicians in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty. Pei (now Pei County, Jiangsu Province) was born. No matter during the war or during the recovery period of the early Han Dynasty, he showed the demeanor and statesmanship of an outstanding politician in ancient China, and was praised by people for thousands of years.
In his early years, he worked as a jailer in Qinpei County. Liu Bang (see Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang) rebelled at the end of Qin Dynasty. After conquering Xianyang, he collected the laws and books collected by Prime Minister Qin and Imperial Palace, mastered the national mountains and rivers, registered permanent residence in counties and counties, and knew the sufferings of the people, which played an important role in formulating policies and winning the Chu-Han war in the future. Liu Bang is Hanwang, Xiao He is the prime minister, and Xiao He recommended Han Xin as the general.
[Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]
During the Chu-Han War, he stayed in Guanzhong to wait on the prince. Constrained by laws and regulations, Guanzhong became the consolidated rear area of the Han army, and constantly paid soldiers to support the battle, which played an important role in Liu Bang's victory over Xiang Yu and the establishment of the Han Dynasty. After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, he was awarded the highest honor. Adopting Qin law and emphasizing the legislative system are nine chapters. He also helped Gaozu eliminate Han Xin, Ying Bu and other princes with different surnames, and was worshipped as the Prime Minister. After the death of Gaozu, he assisted Hui Di. Hui Di died two years later.
4. There are no fewer than three outstanding people who are resourceful and changeable-Chen Ping (? ~ BC 178)
Chen Ping, the founding hero of the Western Han Dynasty. West Hanyang Wu (now southeast of Zhongyuan Yuanyang) people.
When I was young, my family was poor and the situation was good. I am ambitious. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, after the uprising of Chen Sheng and Guangwu, Wang Wei was blamed, and he was soon demoted to Xiang Yu and defected to the Shanhaiguan Pass to break the Qin Dynasty. Liu Bangding returned to Han in the Third Qin Dynasty and served as the deputy commander of the Guards. He participated in the Chu-Han War, put down the rebellion of princes with different surnames, and became an important counselor of Liu Bang. It was suggested that Fan Zeng, an important counselor of Xiang Yu, was worried and died of illness by using double agents to alienate Xiang Yu's ministers. In the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu (20 1), he suggested that Liu Bang pretend to travel and arrest Han Xin. The following year, Liu Bang was trapped in Pingcheng (now the northern part of Datong, Shanxi) for the Huns for seven days and seven nights. Since then, he used Chen Pingji to bribe E Shi, a modu chanyu, to bridge the gap. After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, it was named Houhu and Houqu for its meritorious service. Gaozu died of the autocratic power of Lu. After Lv Hou's death, he and Zhou decided to kill Zhu Lu, and made Wang Wendi the prime minister, and then the left prime minister. Chen Ping's life is full of legends. At the end of Qin Dynasty, there were many talented people, only Chen Sheng, Xiao He, Cao Can, Sean, Chen Ping and Zhou Bo were eligible to be included in Sima Qian's "family". Chen Ping can be among them, which shows that his contribution is great.
Chen Ping once worked under Xiang Yu, but he was not taken seriously. Later, he defected to Liu Bang. Chen Ping's "six tricks" made great contributions to Liu Bang's capture of the world. The six strategies summarized for him in historical classics are:
One is to bribe the other generals and implement double espionage;
[Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]
Second, intentional abuse, alienating Xiang Yu and Fan Zeng;
Third, send women out of the city to solve the siege of Xingyang;
Fourth, kick Liu Bang and make Han Xin king of Qi;
Fifth, the false line to capture Han Xin.
After Liu Bang became emperor, he wanted to get rid of all the powerful ministers. Chen Ping learned the hidden essence of Huang Lao's medical skills and successfully saved himself. Chen Ping finally died of illness and natural death.
6. Die hard before you die-Zhuge Liang, a famous soldier in Shu and Han Dynasties (A.D. 18 1-234)
[Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]
The word kongming. Lang Xie was born in Yang Du (now south of yinan county).
Shu and Han politicians and military strategists. Is a descendant of Zhuge Feng, a captain of the Han Dynasty. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was chaos in the north, and Zhuge Liang's four brothers and sisters moved from Shandong to Xiangyang with his uncle Zhuge Xuan, because "Su Xuan and Jingzhou herded Liu Biao because they were old, so they relied on them". At this time, it was the first year of Xingping (AD 194) and the fourteenth year of Zhuge Liang.
Four years ago, in A.D. 190, Liu Biao moved Jingzhou College to Xiangyang, that is, "establishing a school to seek Confucianism". After Zhuge Liang went to Xiangyang, he studied in the "Academic Hall" in the south of the city. At school, I met Meng and others successively. They are "close friends" who often discuss world affairs together and are determined to reform politics. Because of the relationship between Zhuge Xuan and Liu Biao, Zhuge Liang got to know Pang Degong and Huang, celebrities from Xiangyang, and Kuai Liang and Kuai Yue from Zhonglu County, which broadened his horizons and increased his knowledge, and laid the foundation for his future career.
Liu Biao wrote a letter recommending Zhuge Xuan as the prefect of Zhang Yu. About a year, "Xicheng people rebelled and killed Xuan". Zhuge Liang had no dependence, so he had to live independently. In the second year of Jian 'an (A.D. 197), he and his younger brother were engaged in "farming Long Mu" in Longzhong. It was not until the twelfth year of Jian 'an that Liu Bei visited the cottage and left. In Longzhong, you didn't "risk your life" or "never forget what's going on in the world". He studied hard, made many friends and compared himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi in order to make a difference in the future.
Due to the recommendation of Si Mahui and Xu Shu, Liu Bei visited the Caotang. Zhuge Liang proposed to Liu Bei to occupy Jingzhou and Yizhou (now most of Sichuan and part of Hubei), seek the support of all ethnic groups in southwest China, unite with Sun Wu to fight against Cao Wei, and then unify the world. This is the famous "Longzhong Dui". Later, according to Zhuge Liang's strategy, Liu Bei joined forces with Sun to attack Cao, won the victory of "Battle of Red Cliffs" and occupied Jing and Yi. After Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang persuaded Liu Bei to establish Shu as emperor and was appointed as prime minister. After Liu Bei's death, Liu Chan acceded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang was "assisted by the testamentary edict", sealed the marquis of Wuxiang, led Yizhou animal husbandry and presided over military affairs. During his reign, he made great efforts to govern, strictly rewarded and punished, suppressed the strongmen, appointed people on their merits, promoted the policy of farming, improved ethnic relations, and attacked Wei from Qishan in the east in an effort to recover the Central Plains. In the 12th year of Jianxing (AD 234), he fought with Wei general Sima Yi in Weinan, died in Wuzhangyuan (now southwest of Meixian County, Shaanxi Province) and was buried in Dingjun Mountain (now southeast of Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province). Fifty-four Shi Zhongwu.
Zhuge Liang was cautious and "good at clever thinking" all his life. He invented the crossbow, which can shoot ten arrows at the same time. The manufactured "wooden ox and flowing horse" is beneficial to mountain transportation. His works include Zhuge Liang Collection.
[Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]
After Zhuge Liang's death, Jin unified the Three Kingdoms. Liu Hong, the general of Zhennan, wrote Zhuge Wu Hou Zhai Ming and set up a temple in Longzhong. During Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty, there were ten scenic spots in Longzhong. For more than a thousand years, I don't know how many tourists yearn for it. Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Ceng Gong, Tang Yin and others all left valuable poems.
7. What's going on in the world tells the truth and decides what to do-Fang (579-648), a famous figure in the early Tang Dynasty.
Early years of Tang Dynasty. Name Joe, word Ling Xuan, line with the word.
A native of Linzi, Jizhou (now northeast of Zibo). Father Yan Qian, Sui Lisi secretariat. Ling Xuan is proficient in classical literature, and his works are also very good. At the age of eighteen, he was promoted to be a scholar in this state and was awarded the title of Yu Qiwei. During the rebellion at the end of Sui Dynasty, Li Yuan led the troops into the customs and went to Li Shimin in Weibei, where he successively served as a doctor of Qin Secretariat and Shaanxi East Road Joint Examination. He went to war from the king of Qin many times, assisting the staff and planning and management ministers. Every time he settled down and others scrambled for the treasure, he first collected talents for the shogunate of the king of Qin. He kept in close contact with his advisers and made them do their best. He and Du Ruhui are the most effective counselors of the King of Qin. The brothers of the King of Qin fought for the throne, and the prince was built in front of Gaozu and ruined his peace, so he was expelled from Qin Gong.
In the ninth year of Tang Wude (626), he participated in planning the change of Xuanwu Gate, and won the first prize together with Du Ruhui, Wuji and Hehou. Li Shimin acceded to the throne (that is, Emperor Taizong Li Shimin), and Ling Xuan was appointed as the secretariat. In February of the third year of Zhenguan (629), he was the left servant of Shangshu. In the eleventh year, Liang Guogong was sealed. In July of 16th year, he was still in charge of state affairs. Seventeen years, with Sun Chang Wuji and other 24 people in Lingyange. When Li Zhi, the king of Jin, was a prince, he was a teacher of the prince. Emperor Taizong stayed in the capital when he levied in Korea. Died in 22 years.
Before Zhenguan, he helped Li Shimin to govern all directions and win the throne. Li Shimin praised him for "contributing to the success of the country".
[Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]
In Zhenguan, he assisted Taizong, always led a hundred divisions and was in charge of government affairs for 20 years; He participated in the formulation of laws and regulations, presided over the revision of laws and regulations, and was a practitioner of Tang rites with Wei Zheng. Adjust government agencies, preserve and merge central officials; Good at employing people, Dont Ask For Help, not seeking dignity, appointing people on their merits; Abide by your duties and take no credit. Later generations regarded him and Du Ruhui as models of good looks, collectively referred to as "House Club".
8. Wei Zhi (580-643), a famous minister in the Tang Dynasty, was a permanent courtier of the Wagang Army Division.
Wei Zhi, born in Xuancheng, Guantao (now Hebei). He lost his parents when he was a child, and his family was poor, but he loved reading and ignored family affairs. He once became a monk and a Taoist priest.
At the end of the great cause of Sui Dynasty, Wei Zhi was appointed as Minister of Yuanbao in Wuyang County (now northeast of Daming, Hebei Province) of Sui Dynasty. After Yuan Baoju surrendered to Shi Mi, he was appointed by Shi Mi as a marshal's office document to join the army, specializing in document archives.
In the first year of Emperor Gaozu's Wude (6 18), after Shimei's failure, Wei Zhi entered the customs and went down to the Tang Dynasty with him, but it was useless for a long time. The following year, Wei Zhi invited him to appease Hebei. After the imperial edict was granted, he took a post station to Liyang (now Xunxian County, Henan Province) to persuade Xu Shiqi, the commander of Liyang, to surrender to the Tang Dynasty. Soon, Dou Jiande occupied Liyang, and Wei Zhi was also captured. After Dou Jiande's defeat, Wei Zhi returned to Chang 'an and was quoted by Prince Li as a member of the East Palace. Wei Zhi saw the contradiction between the prince and Li Shimin, the king of Qin, deepening day by day, and repeatedly advised Cheng Jian to take the initiative and start work as soon as possible.
After the change of Xuanwu Gate, Li Shimin, who had long valued his courage, not only didn't blame him, but appointed him as an admonition officer, often introducing the imperial palace to inquire about political gains and losses. Kevin·Z likes to be the master of every intimate friend, helping him wholeheartedly, knowing everything and talking about everything. Coupled with his honest and frank personality, he often argued and never compromised. On one occasion, Emperor Taizong asked Wei Zhi, "What is a wise monarch and what is a dark monarch? Wei Zhi replied, "You are smart because you listen, and you are dark because you believe. In the past, Qin Ershi lived in the palace, but he didn't see the minister. He just trusted eunuch Zhao Gao and was kept in the dark until after the chaos. Emperor Yang Di preferred Historical Records, and many counties in the world fell, but he didn't know it. " Taizong deeply agreed with these words.
[Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]
In the first year of Zhenguan (837), Wei Zhi was promoted to Zuo Cheng as prime minister. At this time, someone told him to promote his relatives to be officials privately. Emperor Taizong immediately sent an ancient imperial doctor, Wen Yanbo, to investigate the matter. As a result, there was no evidence, which was a false accusation. However, Emperor Taizong sent someone to tell Wei Zhi: "We should stay away from suspicion in the future and never create such troubles again." Wei Zhi immediately said, "I heard that the monarch and his subjects help each other, and heaven and justice are one. If justice is not done and suspicion is avoided, then the rise and fall of the country may be unknown. " And asked Tang Taizong to make himself a good minister rather than a loyal minister. Emperor Taizong asked what was the difference between a loyal minister and a good minister. Wei Zhi replied: "It is a good minister to be able to justify himself, to make the monarch a wise monarch, and to have children, and to have no boundaries." Killing yourself, turning the monarch into a tyrant, losing his home and country, is a loyal minister in name only. In this respect, the two are far from each other. " In the second year of Zhenguan (628), Wei Zhi was awarded the secretary of the prison, in charge of state affairs. Soon, the eldest grandson heard that an official surnamed Zheng had a daughter, only sixteen or seventeen years old, with both talent and appearance, which was unique in Beijing. He told Emperor Taizong to take him into the palace as a concubine. Emperor Taizong appointed this woman as his concubine. Wei Zhi heard that this woman had been betrothed to the Lujia, and immediately went to the palace to remonstrate: "Your Majesty is a parent and cares about the people, so you should worry about their worries and enjoy them. Living in a palace pavilion, we should think that all people have the safety of their houses; Eating delicacies, we should think that the people are free from hunger and cold; When concubines are in the courtyard, you should think that they are happy with their families. Now, Zheng Min's daughter has been betrothed to Lujia, and your majesty took her into the palace without asking in detail. If the rumor goes out, is it for the parents of the people? After hearing this, Emperor Taizong was shocked and immediately felt guilty and decided to take it back. However, Fang and others believe that the promise of the Zheng family is false and insist on the validity of the imperial edict. Lujia also sent someone to hand in the form, indicating that although there were wealth exchanges before, they were not engaged. At this time, emperor Taizong with a grain of salt, and called Wei Zhi to ask. He said bluntly, "Lu refused to admit it because he was afraid that your majesty would use it to harm him in the future." The reason is clear. No wonder. " Emperor Taizong suddenly realized this, so he resolutely withdrew the imperial edict.
Because Wei Zhi was able to protest face to face, even if Emperor Taizong was furious, he dared to argue face to face and never gave in. Therefore, Emperor Taizong sometimes felt awe of him. On one occasion, Emperor Taizong wanted to go hunting in Qinling for fun, and all his luggage was ready, but he couldn't make it. Later, when Kevin·Z asked about this matter, Emperor Taizong replied with a smile: "I did have this intention at the beginning, but I was afraid that you would tell me again, so I quickly dismissed it." On another occasion, Emperor Taizong got a good kite and carried it on his shoulder. He was very proud. But when he saw Wei Zhi coming towards him from a distance, he quickly hid the bird in his arms. Wei Zhi deliberately played for a long time, causing the kite to suffocate in his arms.
In the sixth year of Zhenguan, the ministers invited Taizong to meditate on Mount Tai. In order to show off achievements and national prosperity, only Wei Zhi objected. Emperor Taizong was surprised, so he asked Wei Zhi, "You don't advocate meditation. Do you think that my contribution is not high, my virtue is disrespectful, China is uneasy, my clothes are worn out at the end of four years, and my harvest is not abundant? " Wei Zhi replied: "Your Majesty has the above-mentioned Liu De, but since the chaos in the world at the end of Sui Dynasty, the registered permanent residence has not been restored until now, and the warehouse is still empty. Driving here and there and riding thousands of miles is expensive, which is unbearable for the people along the way. Besides, your meditation is bound to be a gathering of all nations, and Yuanjun will also be a squire. Nowadays, the Central Plains is vast and sparsely populated, and there are many shrubs. When ambassadors of all countries and commanders in Yuan Yi see that China is so weak, won't they feel contempt? If the reward is not good, it will not satisfy the desires of these distant people; Exempting and taxing taxes is far from rewarding people's expenses. Why does your majesty want to do such a thing that only seeks fame and fortune and is really hurt? " Soon, when floods broke out in several states in the Central Plains, the closure of Zen stopped.
Zhenguan seven years (633), supplemented by Kevin·Z on behalf of the baron. At the end of the same year, Huangfu Deshen of Zhongmu County wrote to Taizong: "Building Luoyang Palace will harm the people; Collecting land rent is too much; Women like to wear a high bun, which is very popular in the palace. Emperor Taizong was furious when he received the book and said to the prime ministers, "Deccan wants the country not to serve one person and not to collect land rent. The rich have no money, which is exactly what he wants. "Want to cure HuangFuDeShen libel. Wei Zhi protested: "Since ancient times, the writing style has not been extreme, and it can't touch people's hearts. The so-called madman's words, saints choose good and follow. Please consider this truth. Finally, he stressed: "Your Majesty is not outspoken recently, but he is not as open-minded and natural as before." Emperor Taizong felt that Wei Zhi had a point, so he turned anger into joy. Instead of punishing Huang Fude, he was promoted to supervise the empire.
In the tenth year of Zhenguan (636), Wei Zhi was ordered to preside over the compilation of Sui Shu, Zhou Shu, Liang Shu, Mountain Book and Shu Qi (known as History of the Five Dynasties), which lasted for seven years. Among them, the prefaces of Sui Shu, Liang Shu, Chen Shu and Shu Qi were all written by Zheng Wei, and they were praised as "good history". In June of the same year, Wei Zhi, who suffered from eye diseases, asked to remove his assistant. Although Emperor Taizong appointed him full-time, he still put him in charge of provincial affairs, and his salary, rewards and other benefits were exactly the same as those of officials.
Taizong nodded in agreement.
[Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]
In the twelfth year of Zhenguan (638), Wei Zhi saw that Emperor Taizong was getting lazy, lazy in politics and pursuing extravagance, so he wrote the famous "Ten Gradually Difficult Situation" and listed ten changes in his attitude at the beginning of his reign. He also taught Emperor Taizong the "Ten Thoughts", that is, "When you see what you can do, you must think about contentment, when you are happy, you must think about Zhi Zhi, when you are in high risk, you must think about humility, when you are full, you must think about future troubles, when you are happy, you must think about procrastination, when you are sick, you must think about yourself, and when you are rewarded, you must think about arrogance.
In the 16th year of Zhenguan (642), Wei Zhi was ill in bed, and the envoys sent by Emperor Taizong watched from across the road. Wei Zhi was thrifty all his life and had no family to stay overnight. Emperor Taizong immediately ordered that all materials for building a small hall for himself should be used to build a big house for Kevin·Z. Soon, Wei Zhi died at home. Emperor Taizong personally mourned and wept bitterly, saying, "My husband can dress himself up with bronze as a mirror; Taking history as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall; Take people as a mirror, you can know the gains and losses. I have kept these three mirrors in case I miss them. Now Wei Zhi is dead. He died in a mirror.
9. Profound solution to the case-De Renjie (630 -700), a famous figure in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Di, the word, was born in Di Village, Taiyuan (now Taiyuan, Shanxi) in the Tang Dynasty.
Born in an official family, his grandfather Di was Zuo Cheng, the official of Zhenguan Dynasty, and his father Di Zhixun was the governor of Kuizhou. The famous Prime Minister Wu Zetian in Tang Dynasty. He is incorruptible in law enforcement and poor in law enforcement. He used his body to protect the law and even dared to make faces. Strongly urged Wu Zetian to establish Downs. He knows people very well, and he often takes the merit of Si Qi as his goal. The ministers who raised them were all ministers of Zhongxing in the Tang Dynasty.
In 686, Wu Zetian hung on the arch for two years, and Di became the secretariat of Ningzhou (now Ningxian and Zhengning in Gansu). At that time, Ningzhou was a place where all ethnic groups lived together. Di Renjie pays attention to properly handling the relationship with ethnic minorities and has won the hearts of the people.
[Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]
In four years (688), Zhang Guangxun was demoted to Fuzhou secretariat (now southwest of Mianyang, Hubei) and became Sima of Luozhou.
In September of the following year (69 1), Di was appointed as assistant minister of local government (Ministry of Land and Resources) of Tongfengge (Zhongshu Province) and Pingzhang of Luantai (Menxia Province), and began his short first prime minister career.
In the first month of the first year of longevity (693), Wu colluded with cruel officials to falsely accuse Di and others of rebellion and arrested them. After their release, they were demoted to Peng (now Pengze, Jiangxi).
In October of the first year of Long Live Tian Tong (696), the Khitan captured Jizhou (now Linzhang, Hebei). In order to stabilize the situation, Wu Zetian used Di as the secretariat of Weizhou (now Daming area in Hebei Province) adjacent to Jizhou.
In October of the first year of Shengong (697), the Emperor was recalled to North Korea by Wu Zetian. The official worshipped Assistant Minister Luantai (the province under the door) to make peace with Fengge Luantai, and added Dr. Yin to Lu. He also ran a speech to restore the post of prime minister and became a right-hand man to help Wu Zetian master the state power.
In the first year of the Holy Calendar (698), with the foresight of politicians, Emperor persuaded Wu Zetian to conform to public opinion and regain power in Luling King. Wu Zetian listened to the emperor's advice and personally welcomed King Luling back to the palace, making him an heir, thus maintaining the Tang Dynasty.
[Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]
In the autumn of the first year of the holy calendar (698), Turks went south to harass Hebei. Wu Zetian appointed the Prince as Marshal of Hebei Road and Di Renjie as Deputy Marshal to pacify the Turks and quickly restore the stability of Hebei.
In the first year of IX (700), Emperor Renjie died and mourned in the ruling and opposition. Wu Zetian cried and said, "The imperial court is empty." . To Wenchang Youcheng, Stone. Tang Zhongzong succeeded to the throne and was posthumously awarded to Sikong. Tang Ruizong also named it Liang Guogong.
From the year of Zhenguan to the reign of Wu Zetian, the emperor made outstanding contributions in his life and ushered in a prosperous new century. He has been upright and upright all his life, and his achievements are remarkable. Especially when Wu Zetian was in power, he was famous for his fearless power and outspoken advice, and became a famous figure. After the death of Emperor Wu Zetian posthumously presented him as the right photograph of Wenchang. Zhongzong acceded to the throne as a gift. During his reign, he was made Duke Liang, so later generations also called him "Emperor Duke Liang".
10, there is nothing better than visiting Lao-Kou Zhun (96 1- 1023), a famous anti-Liao scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Kou Zhun was born in Xiatuo, Huazhou (now Xia Ji Town, Linwei District).
A famous patriotic politician in North China, he served as Prime Minister for three times, and was named Lai and posthumous title was loyal and righteous.
[Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]
Kou Zhun was a scholar in Song Taizong during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. He was upright and upright, and because he advised Emperor Taizong many times, he was promoted to a bachelor's degree in the Privy Council, sentenced to a civil servant in the official department, and participated in the discussion of state affairs. Emperor Taizong tried to compare with Wei Zhi.