Patients with obvious heart, lung, brain, liver and kidney diseases, as well as severe anemia or hypertension, should not close their eyes and enter the plateau. If you have never been to the plateau, it is recommended that you have a strict physical examination before entering the plateau.

Tourists with organic diseases, severe anemia or severe hypertension have poor adaptability to the plateau environment. At the beginning of entering the plateau, the risk of acute altitude sickness is obviously higher than others; If you stay in the plateau for too long, you are more likely to suffer from various chronic altitude sickness than others. At the same time, due to the adaptation of the body to the plateau environment, the compensatory activities of important organs such as liver, lung, heart and kidney are enhanced, which increases the burden of these organs. Once these organs have diseases, it will further aggravate the condition.

If you are not sure whether you can participate in tourism activities in Tibet, I suggest you consult an experienced doctor and be as cautious as possible.

2. Preparation before entering the plateau

(1). Before entering the plateau, you can consult people who have lived in the plateau for precautions, so as to be aware of it and avoid unnecessary tension.

(2) before entering the plateau, alcohol and tobacco are prohibited to prevent upper respiratory tract infection. Avoid overwork, save your strength and have a good rest. Take American ginseng properly to enhance the anti-hypoxia ability of the body. If there is a respiratory infection, it should be cured before entering the plateau.

(3) Good psychological quality is a panacea to overcome altitude sickness. A large number of examples have proved that maintaining an open-minded and optimistic mood and building strong self-confidence can weaken the physical discomfort in the altitude sickness zone. On the contrary, anxiety, overthinking and slight discomfort will lead to high altitude tension, but will increase the oxygen consumption of brain tissue, thus aggravating physical discomfort and prolonging self-healing time.

(4). If you have never been to the plateau, you must have a strict physical examination before entering the plateau. Patients with severe anemia or hypertension should not close their eyes and enter the plateau.

3, matters needing attention on the way into the plateau

(1). Oxygen and drugs to prevent and treat acute altitude sickness, such as nifedipine (also known as nifedipine) and aminophylline, should also be prepared as much as possible, as well as drugs, antibiotics and vitamins to prevent and treat colds, just in case.

(2) Due to the cold climate in the plateau and the large temperature difference between day and night, we should pay attention to preparing enough warm clothes to prevent colds. Both colds and respiratory infections may cause acute altitude sickness.

(3) If you have severe symptoms of altitude sickness on the way to the plateau, you should treat it immediately and take aminophylline or nifedipine 20 mg in time. In severe cases, oxygen should be inhaled. In case of severe chest tightness, severe cough, dyspnea, pink foam phlegm cough, or slow response, indifference or even coma, in addition to the above treatment, you should go to a nearby hospital for rescue as soon as possible, or transfer to a lower altitude area for treatment and recovery as soon as possible.

(4) Because it takes a long time to enter the plateau by car, the accommodation conditions on the way are poor, and the physical requirements are high, in addition to the above items, water or drinks and delicious and digestible food should be prepared to replenish the necessary water and heat in time.

3, altitude sickness → Traveling in Tibet, the most important thing to pay attention to is altitude sickness.

It varies from person to person, and it is difficult to predict before going to the plateau. Those with weak constitution may not necessarily react greatly, and those with strong constitution may not necessarily react greatly. Everyone's reaction is different. Generally speaking, thin people are better than fat people, women are better than men, short people are better than tall people, and young people are better than old people.

After entering the plateau from the plain area, the adjustment changes of the human body are mainly manifested in the following aspects:

(1). Pulse (heart rhythm) frequency: The normal pulse in plain area is 72 beats/min, which can be increased to 80 ~ 90 beats/min when you first arrive at the plateau, and it can reach 100 beats/min for individuals, and can be recovered after living for a period of time.

(2). Breathing: When the respiratory system is slightly hypoxic, the first manifestation is deepening and accelerating breathing, and the breathing frequency is further accelerated with the aggravation of hypoxia, and people feel chest tightness and shortness of breath. After adaptation, it will gradually return to its original level.

(3) Blood pressure: normal systolic blood pressure110 ~120mmhg and diastolic blood pressure 0 ~ 80mmhg in plain area. After entering the plateau for the first time, due to the influence of vascular receptors and body fluids, blood vessels such as skin and abdominal organs contract and blood pressure rises, thus ensuring blood supply to coronary arteries and cerebral vessels. It will return to normal after adaptation.

(4). Nervous system: The central nervous system, especially the brain, is extremely sensitive to hypoxia. When there is mild hypoxia, the excitability of the whole nervous system is enhanced, such as emotional tension and excitement, and then symptoms such as headache, dizziness, insomnia and amnesia appear. After entering a higher altitude area, it turns from excitement to inhibition, showing drowsiness, indifference and unresponsiveness. A few serious people will lose consciousness or even coma, and will return to normal when they move to the lowlands. The severity of nervous system symptoms is often closely related to my psychological state and mental mood. People who are afraid of the plateau and lack psychological preparation will react more; On the contrary, happy people react less.

(5) Digestive system: The secretion of digestive glands and gastrointestinal peristalsis are inhibited when entering the plateau. Except the secretion of pancreas, the secretion of digestive food such as saliva, intestinal juice and bile is reduced compared with that in the plain, and the gastrointestinal function is obviously weakened. Therefore, there may be a series of digestive system disorders such as loss of appetite, abdominal distension, diarrhea or constipation, and epigastric pain. After living in the plateau for a period of time, you can gradually recover.

At the plateau, if you continue to feel unwell, you should go to the hospital for treatment. The most important thing is not to carry the burden of plateau psychological fear.

4. Matters needing attention after arriving at the plateau

(1). When you first arrive at the plateau, everyone will feel different degrees of hypoxia symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest tightness and dyspnea. But that doesn't mean you can't adapt to the plateau. If you can protect yourself correctly, the above symptoms can generally be improved or disappeared after 2 ~ 4 days.

(2) If you go to the plateau by plane, the symptoms of mountain sickness usually appear around 12 ~ 14 hours. Therefore, when you first arrive at the plateau, you must not be violently transported, and you should stay in bed immediately. Otherwise, once you feel the reaction, you need more time to adapt.

(3) People often use saliva to absorb oxygen to relieve chest tightness and discomfort. Of course, oxygen inhalation can temporarily relieve chest tightness, shortness of breath, dyspnea and other symptoms, but after stopping oxygen inhalation, the symptoms will reappear, delaying the time to adapt to the plateau. If the above symptoms are not very serious, it is recommended that you do not take oxygen, so that you can adapt to the plateau environment more quickly. Mild altitude sickness will heal itself, so don't take oxygen easily to avoid dependence.

(4) Eat more carbohydrates and digestible food after entering Tibet; Drink plenty of water to keep your body hydrated; Dinner should not be too full. It's best not to drink or smoke. Eat more foods rich in vitamins such as fruits and vegetables.

(5). Pay attention to avoid excessive fatigue and have a regular diet and daily life. A few days before you arrive at the plateau, don't take a bath frequently to avoid catching a cold. Cold is often the main cause of acute high altitude pulmonary edema (difficult to recover under hypoxia)

(6) During your stay in Tibet, you should not have too frequent travel activities and too heavy physical load. When you first arrive at the plateau, you should not walk fast, let alone run or do manual labor. After a week, you can gradually increase a certain amount of activity.