It has been confirmed that there are three main ways of transmission of AIDS, the core of which is sexual transmission and blood transmission. Ordinary contact will not spread AIDS, so AIDS patients should not be discriminated against in their lives, such as having meals and shaking hands.
(1) Sexual contact transmission: including sexual contact between the same sex and the opposite sex. Anal sex and oral sex are at greater risk of infection.
(2) Blood transmission: including: ① transfusion of blood or blood products contaminated by HIV; ② Intravenous drug users use unsterilized needles and syringes contaminated by HIV; (3) * * * Using other medical devices or household appliances (such as toothbrushes and razors with infected people) may also spread through the damaged parts, but it is rare. ④ Disinfection of syringes and needles is incomplete, especially for children. It is more dangerous for one person, one needle and one tube not to prevent injection; The disinfection of dental instruments, delivery instruments, surgical instruments and acupuncture needles is not strict or not; Knives, needles and bathroom pedicure knife used for hairdressing, beauty (such as eyebrow tattooing and ear piercing) and tattoos are not disinfected; Use a razor, razor or toothbrush with others; Transfusion of blood or blood products from blood donors who have never been tested for HIV antibody, and transfusion of bone marrow and organ transplant values under similar circumstances; When rescuing the bleeding wounded, the rescuer's own broken skin came into contact with the blood of the wounded.
(3) Mother-to-child transmission: also known as perinatal transmission, that is, the mother infected with HIV transmits HIV to the fetus or baby before, during and shortly after delivery. It can be transmitted through the placenta, or through the birth canal during childbirth, or through breastfeeding.
The disease is mainly transmitted through sexual contact, especially homosexuality and intravenous drug use, followed by therapeutic export and injection of blood products, and childbirth and breastfeeding can also cause infection. High-risk groups include homosexuals, promiscuous people and people with multiple sexual partners, intravenous drug users, people receiving blood transfusions and blood products, hemophiliacs and children whose parents are AIDS patients. Recently, it is considered that patients with sexually transmitted diseases, especially those with genital ulcers (such as syphilis, chancre and genital herpes) should also be listed as high-risk groups for AIDS.
Sexual contact between the same sex, the opposite sex or the two sexes will lead to the spread of AIDS. There are a large number of viruses in semen or vaginal secretions of HIV-infected people. In sexual activities (including vaginal sex, anal sex and oral sex), it is easy to cause slight damage to genital mucosa due to the friction of sexual intercourse parts. At this time, the virus will enter the blood of uninfected people. It is worth mentioning that because the intestinal wall of rectum is more easily damaged than the vaginal wall, the risk of anal sex is greater than that of vaginal sex.
Blood transmission is the most direct route of infection. It is very dangerous to import blood contaminated by virus and use syringes, acupuncture needles and tooth extraction tools contaminated by blood without strict disinfection. In addition, if you use unsterilized syringes with HIV-infected people, you will also be infected by the virus left by the needle.
If a mother is infected with AIDS, she is likely to transmit it to her child during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. Perceive tmall