English abbreviation for International Organization for Standardization. Its full name is the International Organization for Standards. ISO I comes from the Greek word "ISOS", which means "equality"-the meaning of equality. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is a worldwide federation of national organizations for standardization (ISO member organizations). The work of formulating international standards is usually done by the technical Committee of ISO. All member groups have the right to participate in the work of the Technical Committee if they are interested in the projects determined by the Committee. International organizations (official or unofficial) in contact with ISO can also participate in related work. ISO maintains close cooperation with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in the standardization of electrical technology. International standardization activities first began in the field of electronics. 1906, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the earliest international standardization organization in the world, was established. The work in other technical fields was initially undertaken by the International Federation of National Standardization Associations (ISA), which was established in 1926, focusing on mechanical engineering. Issa's work was terminated in 1942 due to World War II. From 65438 to 0946, representatives of 25 countries met in London and decided to set up a new international organization, with the purpose of promoting international cooperation and unifying industrial standards. As a result, the new organization ISO was formally established on February 23rd, 1947, with its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. ISO issued the first standard-industrial length measurement standard reference temperature in 195 1 year. Many people have noticed that there is a difference between the full name and abbreviation of the International Organization for Standardization. Why not "IOS"? In fact, "ISO" is not an acronym, but a word which comes from Greek and means "equality". Now there are a series of words prefixed with it, such as "isometric" (meaning "equal in size") and "isonomy" (meaning "legal equality"). From "equality" to "standard", the connotation connection makes "ISO" the name of the organization. Now ISO is an international standardization organization, which consists of 9 1 member countries and 173 academic committees. Its members are composed of national standardization organizations from 1 17 countries and regions in the world. The national organization representing China in ISO is CSBTS in China. ISO is closely related to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). China's national institution participating in IEC is also the State Bureau of Technical Supervision. As a whole, ISO and IEC are responsible for formulating internationally recognized standards. ISO and IEC are non-governmental organizations, and their standards are voluntary in nature, which means that these standards must be excellent and will bring benefits to industry and service industry, so they are used consciously. ISO and IEC are not UN agencies, but they maintain technical ties with many UN specialized agencies. ISO and IEC have about 65,438+0,000 professional technical committees and subcommittees, and all member countries participate in the activities of these technical committees and subcommittees on a national basis. ISO and IEC also have about 3,000 working groups, and ISO and IEC formulate and revise 1000 international standards every year. The standard covers a wide range, from basic fasteners and bearings to semi-finished products and finished products, and the technical fields involve information technology, transportation, agriculture, health care and environment. Each work organization has its own work plan, which lists the standard items (test methods, terminology, specifications, performance requirements, etc. ) needs to be formulated. The main function of ISO is to provide a mechanism for people to reach an agreement on the formulation of international standards. Its main organization and operation rules are stipulated in a document called ISO/IEC Technical Work Guide. Its technical organization has 800 technical committees and subcommittees in ISO. Each committee has a chairman and a secretariat, and each member country provides services. At present, 30 member groups undertake the work of secretariat countries, and each secretariat maintains direct contact with the ISO Central Secretariat in Geneva. Through these institutions, ISO has issued 9200 international standards, such as ISO metric thread, ISO A4 paper size, ISO container series (95% of the world's shipping containers meet ISO standards at present), ISO film speed code, ISO Open System Interconnection (OS2) series (widely used in the information technology field) and the famous ISO9000 quality management series standards. In addition, ISO has established contacts with 450 international and regional standards organizations, especially with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). There are 28 international standards bodies besides ISO/IEC system. Every institution sets some international standards in a certain field, which are usually under the control of the United Nations. A typical example is the World Health Organization (WHO). 85% of international standards are formulated by ISO/IEC, and the remaining 15% are formulated by these 28 other international standards bodies.