(2) technical equipment. Including climbing rope, oxygen equipment, lateral measuring instrument, altimeter, hygrometer, steel cone, climbing iron lock, elevator, ladder, pulley, snow shovel, etc.

(3) Personal equipment. Including hiking clothes, hiking shoes, hiking boots, helmets, flashlights, gloves, protective glasses, etc. It is characterized by portability, durability, easy disassembly and multi-purpose.

Mountaineering diet

Mountaineering diet is an indispensable part of the activity. Good nutrition can not only provide enough energy to supplement physical strength, but also refresh people. Especially in the process of cooking, interacting with peers, discussing today's various trips and looking forward to tomorrow's trips can promote mutual friendship.

kiln

Liquefied gas (including methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc. )

fuel oil

alcohol

conclusion

It is recommended to buy a gas cooker for the first time because of its small size, high safety and convenient maintenance. It can be used as a separate stove or as an emergency stove equipped by a group. The only drawback is that the firepower is slightly smaller than that of the gasifier, and the fuel cost is much more expensive than that of the gasifier. Vaporization furnace has great firepower, but it needs to be filled with fuel, which requires high use skills and is more troublesome to maintain. The number of stoves is preferably 4 ~ 6.

Attention should be paid to three kinds of people climbing in autumn

1. Friends with heart and lung insufficiency, chronic respiratory insufficiency or cardiac insufficiency such as hypertension and coronary heart disease. Because strenuous exercise increases the burden on the heart and lungs, which in turn aggravates the original disease.

Second, patients with knee joint, osteoarthrosis and rheumatoid arthritis, patients who have undergone knee joint and hip joint replacement surgery, and patients with ankle and foot diseases. Because mountaineering will increase the load of knee joint, hip joint and ankle joint, accelerate the chapping and peeling of articular cartilage, increase the secretion of joint synovium and cause joint swelling and pain.

Third, middle-aged people who don't exercise regularly and the elderly who are in poor health. Middle-aged people who lack exercise for a long time suddenly carry out mountain climbing activities with a large amount of exercise, and their physical load suddenly increases, which is easy to induce cardiopulmonary diseases. Before getting ready to climb the mountain, the elderly should do some low-intensity exercise to let their bodies have an adaptation process. In addition, patients with severe osteoporosis must prevent falls and avoid fractures when climbing mountains.

When climbing a mountain, you should choose comfortable soft-soled non-slip shoes to avoid local pain caused by strain; It is best to use crutches during mountaineering, which can save physical strength to a great extent, reduce the burden of knee joint and hip joint, relieve leg pressure, relieve waist and shoulder fatigue, increase walking stability and prevent falling, which is very beneficial to the elderly; If the climbing distance is long, you can try to wrap elastic bandage or wear elastic socks on your calf to speed up the venous blood return of your lower limbs and prevent the swelling of your lower limbs after climbing. It's easy to sweat when climbing mountains. It's best to take a warm coat to prevent catching a cold. It consumes a lot of calories and water when climbing mountains, and it is best to drink less for many times when replenishing water, so as to avoid adding too much water at one time to increase the extra burden on the cardiovascular system; It is best to use a backpack when climbing mountains to slow down the fatigue of limbs; No matter what age the climber is, too fast will increase the burden on his heart. It is recommended to keep the heart rate at 18 beats/10 second.

Precautions for mountaineering

1. When climbing a mountain, teachers or parents should lead, so we should act collectively.

2. Choose the place to climb the mountain carefully. It is necessary to learn about the local geographical environment and weather changes from nearby residents, choose a safe mountaineering route, and mark it well to prevent getting lost.

3. Prepare sports shoes, ropes, dry food and water. Be sure to bring enough water in summer, because climbing mountains will make you sweat. If you don't add enough water, you will easily collapse and get heatstroke.

4. It is best to carry first-aid drugs with you, such as Yunnan Baiyao and hemostatic bandage, in case of falling, bumping and spraining.

It is best to climb the mountain in the morning or in the morning and return to the station in the afternoon. Don't change the climbing route and time without authorization.

6. Don't carry a backpack, but carry it on your shoulders, so that you can grasp it with both hands. You can also use a strong long stick as a crutch to help you climb.

7. Never take pictures on dangerous cliffs to avoid accidents.

8. If you climb a mountain in a group, you can buy short-term group travel accident insurance yourself, find an insurance company or buy it online, and you can get one for Youbao.com and 20 yuan of Xiamen University.

Safety problems in lost time of outdoor mountaineering

1, depending on the size of the road or surrounding trees;

2. Pay more attention to obvious natural signs, such as trees. Once you get lost, you can find your way back according to these obvious signs.

You'd better take your watch, control your walking time and know how far you have to go.

4. Friends who don't have a compass should combine time with the sun and know their general direction by looking at their own shadows;

5. Every place has a regular sunset time. It is suggested to consult the local people about the time of sunset.