According to laboratory tests, the composition of long yam is: the average crude protein content in yam tuber is 14? 48%, crude fiber 3.48%, starch 43? 7%, sugar 1? 14%, ash 5? 5 1%, potassium 2? 62%, phosphorus 0? 72%, calcium 0? 12%, magnesium 0? 14%, iron 53? 57%, zinc 29? 22%, copper 10? 58, manganese 5? 38%。 Among the 18 amino acids needed by human beings, yam contains 16 amino acids. Yam is rich in vitamins and minerals, and 8% of the dry weight is mucus, including choline, glycoprotein, polyphenol oxidase, vitamin C, mannan phytic acid, allantoin, 3,4- dihydroxy -4- phenylethylamine and so on. These substances have high nutritional value and are easily absorbed and utilized by the human body.
Long yam belongs to Dioscorea of Dioscoreaceae, which is a precious medicinal material and has good curative effect on many diseases. China is the origin of yam. More than 2,000 years ago, Shan Hai Jing contained the words "Jingshan Mountain, looking north at Ozawa, whose grass is rich in yam". The Jingshan mentioned in the article is in our province. China's ancient medical book "Illustration of Materia Medica" pointed out that "the best yam is the one with a capital in Siming, North China". North is the capital of Shanxi Province, and Siming is Siming Mountain in Zhejiang Province. It can be considered that Taiyuan is the origin of long yam. In addition, Textual Research on Plants records that medicinal yam is distributed in the north, gradually centering on the junction of Shanxi and Henan provinces. With the development of history, the planting area of yam gradually expanded and began to spread from the south-central part of Henan Province to the north. In the later period of Japanese rope pattern, yam spread from China to Japan and Korea.
For thousands of years, countries have been eating yam tuber. Until the late 1940s, several diosgenins were found in the tuber of Dioscorea zingiberensis, which attracted worldwide attention for its medicinal value. Because diosgenin is the original source of some important medicinal materials such as synthetic steroid hormones and birth control pills.
First, the medicinal value of yam
1. Yam can cure all kinds of deficiency, five tuberculosis and seven injuries. In Compendium of Materia Medica, it is pointed out that Chinese yam can cure all kinds of deficiency injuries, five kinds of tuberculosis and seven kinds of injuries, eliminate head and face wind, stop low back pain, remove vexation and heat, replenish heart qi deficiency, be happy and remember more, strengthen bones and muscles, benefit kidney qi, strengthen spleen and stomach, stop diarrhea, remove phlegm and promote fluid production, and moisten fur. Raw and swollen, hard poison can be cured. Medical Enthusiasm and Zipei Soup of Yu Ye Soup in Journey to the West, with yam and astragalus, can cure thirst, fatigue and asthma. Yam can stop diarrhea. "Compendium of Materia Medica" contains: half-fried yam is the end, and drinking rice cures oral dysentery. Tongbian Pulsatilla Decoction, Fuzhong Decoction, Sanbao Stimulation, Dioscorea Decoction, etc. They are all porridge soup containing yam, which is very effective for diarrhea.
Tonifying the spleen and stomach is also an important role of yam. Yam tuber contains crude fiber, which can stimulate gastrointestinal movement, promote the emptying of dissolved substances in gastrointestinal tract and help digestion. Eating yam alone works well. If combined with other drugs, it has a good effect on indigestion such as autumn diarrhea in children.
2. Yam can lower blood pressure. Traditional Chinese medicine Liuwei Dihuang Pill, Bawei Dihuang Pill, Guishao Dihuang Pill, etc. They are all famous prescriptions of yam. It is not only used to treat kidney deficiency, but also used to treat hypertension, diabetes, asthma, neurasthenia and lumbago and leg pain.
3. Chinese yam can delay aging. Modern science has proved that yam can significantly reduce the activity of enzymes that accelerate the aging of the body. Bawei Dihuang Pill containing yam is mainly used to treat postpartum blood deficiency. Baoyuan Qingjiang Decoction and Baoyuan Hanjiang Decoction can treat hematemesis and nosebleeds. Cold drenching soup and ointment drenching soup can cure drenching insects. Yam can also treat tuberculosis, typhoid fever and women's menstrual and vaginal diseases, which is conducive to prolonging life.
4. Chinese yam has a certain anti-tumor effect. Yam tuber is rich in polysaccharide, which can stimulate and regulate human immune system, so it is often used as a health care drug to enhance immune ability. Dioscorea opposita polysaccharide can antagonize the cellular immune suppression caused by cyclophosphamide and restore some or all of the suppressed cellular immune functions to normal. Yam can also enhance the phagocytosis of white blood cells. For example, Liuwei Dihuang Pill can treat chronic nephritis, hypertension, diabetes, neurasthenia and other diseases. Baizhi Dihuang Pill can treat ankylosing spondylitis, gynecological fetal leakage, metrorrhagia, vulvar pruritus, amenorrhea and other symptoms of excessive fire due to yin deficiency, while Guishao Dihuang Pill can treat otodynia due to yin deficiency, tinnitus, night sweats and other symptoms. Allantoin contained in yam has anesthetic and analgesic effects, can promote epithelial growth, diminish inflammation and inhibit bacteria, and is often used to treat hand and foot rupture, ichthyosis and various keratotic skin diseases.
Second, the edible value of yam
Yam, eaten by human beings since ancient times, is one of the earliest plants eaten by human beings. Yam tuber is thick, juicy, sweet and sticky, and can be eaten raw or cooked. Since ancient times, people have eaten yam when they are sick, and they have eaten yam when they are not sick. The yam porridge is called "immortal porridge" and the yam granules are called "immortal granules". Eating yam can benefit qi, promote granulation, improve hearing and eyesight, and prolong life.
The time when China ate yam can be traced back to 2000 BC. Among the historical materials unearthed in Dunhuang Mogao grottoes a few years ago, there is a record of "fairy porridge": "A catty of yam, steamed and peeled; Half a catty of chicken head, cooked, shelled and mashed into rice, half a catty of japonica rice, cooked into porridge with slow fire and eaten on an empty stomach. " Is it called fairy porridge? Lu You, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once wrote a poem to express: "Everyone in the world is older than others, but they don't realize that at present I try my best to give porridge to the gods." Eating yam porridge can live forever. Of course, this is the poet's exaggeration, but yam porridge does have the effect of regulating appetite, keeping healthy and prolonging life, and it is also well known. There are many poems praising yam in history. "Chen Da Search" Yu Yanzan said: "There is a panacea in the mountains, because it is fairy, innocent and fragrant." Zhu Shi said, "If you want to give Yu Yanzhi, you have nothing to say, and you are ashamed to talk about honey mutton soup." They praised yam as jade in color, fragrant as flowers, sweet as honey and better in taste than mutton soup.
Winter bamboo shoots are recognized as the queen of bamboo shoots. Compared with bamboo shoots, they are tender in meat, richer in nutrition and more delicious in taste, and are known as "the first dish to eat".
People in China have a long history of eating bamboo shoots. There is a poem in the Book of Songs, "What does it look like?" . The Tang dynasty medical code "Qian Jin Fang Yao" contains: "Bamboo shoots are sweet, slightly cold and non-toxic." It can quench thirst, benefit waterways, invigorate qi and strengthen energy, and can be eaten for a long time. "
According to modern research, every100g of winter bamboo shoots contains protein 12. 1 g, 4 g of sugar, 0. 1 g of fat, 57 mg of phosphorus, 0/0/mg of iron1mg of vitamins C and B. Winter bamboo shoots also contain a white nitrogen-containing substance-asparagine, which gives bamboo shoots a special aromatic smell and is more delicious when cooked with various meats. Winter bamboo shoots have a certain auxiliary effect on the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and arteriosclerosis. The rich cellulose in winter bamboo shoots can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, help digestion and prevent constipation and colon cancer. The polysaccharide contained in it also has certain anti-cancer effect.
There are many ways to eat winter bamboo shoots, both vegetarian and vegetarian. Roast meat with bamboo shoots, roast chicken with bamboo shoots and grilled fish with bamboo shoots are all delicious dishes in home cooking. The famous "braised winter bamboo shoots" in Yunnan, "steamed winter bamboo shoots" in Guangdong and "braised winter bamboo shoots" in Zhejiang. Different flavors, appetizing. Winter bamboo shoots are not only used for banquets, but also suitable for home cooking. Hunan cuisine alone includes fried bacon with winter bamboo shoots, braised winter bamboo shoots in oil, stewed winter bamboo shoots, stewed winter bamboo shoots, steamed winter bamboo shoots, braised winter bamboo shoots and roasted winter bamboo shoots.
In addition, using winter bamboo shoots to make medicated diet can not only enjoy delicious food, but also strengthen the body and cure diseases. For example, shredded pork with winter bamboo shoots and medlar. Wash 30 grams of medlar and 250 grams of winter bamboo shoots, and cut the winter bamboo shoots into 4 cm long filaments. Shred 250g pork, wet with starch, and grab well. Heat a frying spoon with high fire, add vegetable oil, when the oil is 60% hot, add ginger and shredded onion and stir fry, then add pork and stir fry to change color, then add winter bamboo shoots, salt, monosodium glutamate, cooking wine, sugar and medlar, and stir well. Eating it can nourish liver and kidney, improve eyesight and clear phlegm, and is suitable for blurred vision, cough with excessive phlegm, sallow complexion and emaciation.