Intramuscular injection is a commonly used drug injection treatment method, which means injecting liquid medicine into muscle tissue through syringe to achieve the purpose of treating diseases. Not all cases can be intramuscular injection, such as induration and infection at the injection site, it is not suitable for intramuscular injection treatment. Intramuscular injection is mainly suitable for: intravenous injection is not suitable or impossible, and the curative effect is required to occur faster than subcutaneous injection, when injecting drugs with strong irritation or large dose. Before intramuscular injection, make relevant preparations. Including the location of the injection site and the preparation of related drugs and equipment. The most commonly used part of intramuscular injection is gluteus maximus, followed by gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, lateral femoral muscle and deltoid muscle. Accurate location of injection site is very important for intramuscular injection. Location of gluteus maximus injection: the gluteus maximus originates from the posterior superior iliac spine and coccyx tip, and the muscle fibers are parallel to the upper femur. Injury of sciatic nerve should be avoided during injection. The sciatic nerve originates from the femoral plexus and passes through the pelvis to the buttocks from the inferior piriformis. Pay attention to the projection of sciatic nerve during injection: from the tip of greater trochanter to the midpoint of bone tubercle down to popliteal fossa. Injection site of gluteus medius and gluteus minimus: There are few blood vessels and nerves and thin adipose tissue in this area, which is widely used at present. There are two positioning methods: a. Fingertips and middle fingers are placed on the anterior superior iliac spine and the lower edge of iliac crest respectively, forming a triangular area between iliac valley, index finger and middle finger. The injection site is within the angle formed by the index finger and the middle finger. B the third finger on the lateral side of the anterior superior iliac spine. A sick child should take the width of his finger as the standard. Lateral thigh injection position: located at the lateral middle thigh. Generally, adults can take the range of 10cm below the hip joint to 10cm above the knee. Great blood vessels and nerve trunks rarely pass through, and the location is wide, so they can be injected multiple times. Injection positioning of upper arm deltoid muscle: take the lower arm of acromion and 2~3 transverse fingers. The muscles here are thinner than those in the buttocks, and only small doses can be injected. Posture: Sitting or lying down. (1) Lying position: In order to relax the local muscles during gluteal muscle injection and relieve pain and discomfort, the following postures can be adopted: lateral position: the thighs are straight and relaxed, and the calves are slightly flexed. Prone position: the toes are opposite, the heels are drooping, and the head is tilted to one side. Supine position: It is often used for critically ill patients and patients who can't turn over. It is more convenient to inject gluteus medius and gluteus minimus. (2) Sitting position: it is a common position for outpatients to receive injections. For the deltoid muscle head of the upper arm, if the injected drug is oil or suspension, a thick needle is needed; Prepare the potion according to the doctor's advice. Operation process: (1) Prepare the articles carried by the bedside, check and explain the cooperation to the patient. (2) Help the patient to take a proper position, disinfect the skin with 2% iodine plus 70% ethanol or 3% complex iodine alone, and dry it. (3) the air in the syringe from which the medicine is extracted is exhausted. (4) The thumb and forefinger of the left hand are separated from the skin, the right hand holds the needle in a pen-holding posture, and the middle finger fixes the needle bolt. Both the needle and the injection site are mp, which quickly penetrates into the muscle. Generally, the needle amount is about 2.5~3cm (2/3 of the needle, which should be reduced for thin and sick children). (5) Release the left hand and twitch the piston. If there is no blood return, fix the needle and inject the medicine. After the injection, press the needle with a dry cotton swab and pull it out quickly. (6) Help the patient lie down in a comfortable posture. Clean up. Attention should be paid to the following problems in intramuscular injection: (1) It is necessary to inject two kinds of liquid medicines at the same time, and it is necessary to pay attention to the incompatibility. (2) When there is no blood return after blood withdrawal, drugs can be injected. (3) The injection site is suitable for the individual. Infants under 2 years old should not be injected with gluteus maximus, but should be injected with gluteus medius and gluteus minimus. Because children's gluteus muscles are generally not well developed and can't walk independently, gluteus maximus injection is in danger of damaging sciatic nerve. (4) Accurate positioning, especially injection of gluteus maximus, should avoid damaging sciatic nerve. (5) Don't pierce all the needles to prevent them from breaking from the joints. Once the needle is broken, keep the part and limb still, and quickly clamp the broken end with a vascular clamp and pull it out. If all the broken ends enter the muscle, they should be removed surgically. (6) For patients who need long-term intramuscular injection, the injection site should be changed frequently to prevent local induration. If induration occurs, hot water bag, hot and wet compress and physical therapy can be used. How to care for children with intramuscular injection? Intramuscular injection is a common method of administration when children are ill. Generally, it is commonly used when drugs are not suitable for oral administration, sick children cannot take orally, or drugs act quickly according to the needs of the disease. Generally speaking, although intramuscular injection is carried out by nurses, parents should also assist in nursing work. (1) For sensible children, the necessity of injection should be explained, so that children can bravely accept it. In particular, we should give sympathy and comfort to children, eliminate tension and fear, and reduce adverse reactions. (2) to assist the nurse to do a good job of three checks and three pairs before injection, and to ensure accuracy. (3) If the drug needs to undergo an allergy test before use, parents should closely observe whether the child is abnormal or uncomfortable. If you have chest tightness, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, pallor, cyanosis or irritability, you can report it to the medical staff in time and take corresponding measures immediately. (4) During intramuscular injection, the baby should be fixed to prevent it from struggling and moving, so as not to break the needle. (5) Don't leave immediately after injection, but stay in the hospital for observation 15 minutes or so. (6) After intramuscular injection, let the child rest for a while and don't run violently. After intramuscular injection, if the child complains of pain at the injection site and inconvenient walking, he should be closely observed. Go to the hospital for a doctor's examination if necessary. (7) Local lumps caused by drugs after intramuscular injection can be absorbed by hot compress or moxa stick.