Magnets are made up of atoms such as iron, cobalt and nickel. Their atoms have special internal structures and have their own magnetic moments. Magnets can generate magnetic fields and attract ferromagnetic substances, such as iron, nickel, cobalt and other metals.
Types of magnets: shape magnets: square magnets, ceramic tile magnets, irregular magnets, cylindrical magnets, circular magnets, disk magnets, bar magnets, magnetic frame magnets, nature magnets: samarium cobalt magnets, neodymium magnets (strong magnets), ferrite magnets, Al-Ni-Co magnets, Fe-Cr-Co magnets, industrial magnets: magnetic elements, motor magnets, rubber magnets, plastic magnets.
Magnets are divided into permanent magnets and soft magnets. Permanent magnets strengthen magnetism, so that the spin of magnetic substances and the angular momentum of electrons are arranged in a fixed direction, while soft magnets are electrified. (It is also a method of magnetizing. ) Soft iron will slowly lose its magnetism after being removed by equal current.
Extended data:
Manufacturing technology of magnets;
1, raw materials
The main raw materials of neodymium magnet are: rare earth metal neodymium, rare earth metal praseodymium, pure iron, aluminum, ferroboron and other rare earth raw materials.
2, neodymium magnet processing tools
There are special slicers, wire cutters, flat mills, double-sided machines, punches, chamfering machines and plating equipment.
3. Process flow
The manufacturing processes of neodymium magnet, samarium cobalt magnet, Al-Ni-Co magnet and ferrite magnet are also different. Technically, there are sintered neodymium magnets and bonded neodymium magnets. We mainly talk about sintered neodymium magnets.
Batching → smelting and ingot making → crushing → pressing → sintering and tempering → magnetic detection → grinding → pin cutting → electroplating →? Magnetization → finished product.
Among them, batching is the foundation, and sintering tempering is the key production tool in neodymium magnets: melting furnace, crusher, ball mill, jet mill, press forming machine, vacuum packaging machine, isostatic press, sintering furnace, heat treatment vacuum furnace, magnetic performance tester and Gauss meter.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-magnet