1, contraceptive methods
Contraceptive methods are generally divided into long-term methods and short-term methods. The survey of induced abortion women shows that most of them are due to the failure of contraceptive measures or the ineffective or improper use of short-acting contraceptive measures. For example, condoms slip or leak, the safety period is not properly grasped, and short-acting oral contraceptives are missed. When the above situation occurs, most people are waiting for the "judgment" of the next menstruation in fear; Some people are lucky enough to get pregnant at last; Others get pregnant unexpectedly and rely on induced abortion to remedy it. In fact, there is a special contraceptive method ── emergency contraception, which can be used to prevent unintended pregnancy from the time when the same-sex or short-acting contraception fails.
The process of conception is that sperm and eggs meet and combine in fallopian tubes, move to uterine cavity, and then implant into endometrium within 7-8 days. Emergency contraception is to take medicine before pregnancy after the same room by inhibiting the ovulation rate of fallopian tubes; It affects the endometrium, making it out of sync with the development of fertilized eggs, which is not conducive to implantation. It can also antagonize the effect of progesterone, make the embryo unable to grow and develop, and play a contraceptive role in many ways.
Drugs used for emergency contraception mainly include estrogen and progesterone compound preparations, and levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol are commonly used. Levonorgestrel is usually used as a drug to promote pregnancy. Through clinical research, these two methods have achieved good results in emergency contraception. Recently, it was found that misoprostone can not only be used as a drug to terminate early pregnancy, but also be a very promising drug in emergency contraception.
Emergency contraception requires strict medication time. You must take medicine within 72 hours after having sex without contraception or after short-acting contraception fails. If it exceeds 72 hours, the satisfactory contraceptive effect will not be achieved. If there is an emergency of contraceptive failure, the majority of women should seize this contraceptive opportunity and take the time to seek medical treatment and medication. Although induced abortion can terminate early pregnancy, it does great harm to women's physical and mental health and is prone to complications, which will affect women's health and future husband and wife life. Some units sell condoms with emergency contraceptives, just in case.
At present, emergency contraception service has not been popularized in China. I believe that in the near future, both medical staff and women can understand this method and provide services for successful contraception for couples. It should be pointed out that this method is only suitable for emergency situations, not for routine applications.
2, safe period contraception
1. The ovulation period is usually 14 days before the next menstruation, not 14 days after this start.
2. To be on the safe side, *** 10 day, including the first 5 days and the last 4 days of ovulation day, is regarded as ovulation period.
3. The most risky approach also needs to avoid the general 72-hour survival time of sperm and eggs, so at least three days should be set aside before and after, which is the so-called minimum reserve period of safety period.
There are several situations:
A. If the menstrual cycle is 28 days for a long time, it can be treated according to the first seven and the last eight, because the dangerous period of 10 day can be avoided.
B. For a woman with a short regular cycle, for example, the cycle is 2 1 day, then the ovulation day is probably the seventh day. At this time, there is no safe period before ovulation, because she may meet the minimum reserve period before ovulation just after menstruation. For such a woman, even if she has just finished her menstruation, she may be in danger of getting pregnant.
C. For a woman with a long regular cycle, for example, the cycle is 35 days, then the ovulation date is about 2 1 day. Ovulation that is often delayed at this time will make the safe period after ovulation uncertain.
D. If the menstrual cycle is always unstable and the safety period cannot be calculated, the method of safety period cannot be adopted.
The safety period may change for various reasons, so the safety period can only be used as a reference, not as an effective contraceptive method.