First, lofty status.
Since the Han Dynasty, Qu Yuan's position in the history of China has become higher and higher, and his influence has become more and more profound. Qu Yuan is an indispensable part of China's 5,000-year history of civilization and splendid history of China literature. Qu Yuan's greatness lies in his unswerving patriotism, indomitable spirit of struggle, and his noble character and integrity of not colluding with traitors and villains. Secondly, more than twenty poems written by him with his whole life's painstaking efforts have become treasures in the history of China literature and masterpieces in the world literature hall. According to Hanshu, during the 300 years from Qu Yuan to the end of the Western Han Dynasty, there were 66 people who imitated Qu Yuan's ci and fu, 77 1 person, miscellaneous fu writers 12, 133 people. In addition to the works of Song Yu, Jing Ke, Huainan Xiaoshan, Zhuang Ji, Wang Bo, Liu Xiang and Wang Yi, Wang Yi also noted Mei Cheng's Seven Fates, Sima Xiangru's Adult Fu, Yang Xiong's Yang Changfu, Zhang Heng's Si Xuan Fu, Cao Zhi's Nine Sorrow Fu and Ruan Ji's.
During the two thousand years from the Han Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, although there were many annotation books explaining the Songs of the South, most of them were lost. There are 10 kinds of You Guoen's notes handed down from ancient times, namely, Wang Yi's Chapters and Sentences of Chu Ci in the Eastern Han Dynasty (17), Hong Xingzu's Supplementary Notes on Chu Ci in the Northern Song Dynasty (17), Textual Research on Chu Ci (1) and Zhu's Notes on Chu Ci in the Southern Song Dynasty (. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Wang Fuzhi's Interpretation of Songs of the South was 14 volumes, Qian Chengzhi's Quyi was not divided into volumes, Yunming's Songs of the South was 4 volumes, Wang Bangcai's Lisao Collection was 4 volumes, Qu Zi's Essays was 2 volumes, and Jiang Ji's Mountain had many annotations and research works after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
Regarding the evaluation of Qu Yuan's works, Wang Yi said: "Qu Yuan's writing is sincere and far-reaching. Since the end, famous scholars of Confucianism and Boda have been writing ci fu, trying to imitate its appearance, ancestor its model, take its essence and steal its flowers and algae. " Liu Xie said: "So Li Sao and Nine Chapters mourn their aspirations; "Nine Songs" and "Nine Arguments" are too embarrassing to hurt; Journey and Tian Wen are magnificent and cleverly conceived; Evocation and big move are wonderful and profound; The goal of "no game" "Fisherman" issued a unique talent. So I can be angry with the past (interests), and I will cut the present, which is amazing and gorgeous and difficult to reconcile. " Li Bai praised "Qu Ping's ci poems hang on the sun and the moon (Qu Yuan's poems hang on the sky like the sun and the moon)". Du Fu is determined to "secretly climb the peak of Qu Song (I will try to climb the peak of Qu Yuan and Song Yu and keep pace with it)". Shao Bo of the Northern Song Dynasty said, "Qu Yuan has one ear for the article" Songs of the South ". "Su Shi said," If my article ends in failure, I will be the only one to blame. In the Ming Dynasty, Jiang said, "Reading Chu Ci shows its tragic features, just like Gao Jianli's beating, singing in the city, crying while enjoying each other, and no one is watching; "Sadness is like a poor traveler. When the west wind rains at night, sorrow (poverty) is wet, and the residual light is sad; In a secluded place, it seems that no one enters the mountain road, but I hear the cries of monkeys and snakes, and Shan Gui, a wooden charm, learns human language to worship people; In Yan Yi, like a beautiful woman riding a horse, jade whip beads, wearing bright flowers and beautiful things, singing a song "Yang Baihua" to the spring breeze; Fairy rhyme is like Prince Jin riding a white crane, standing on the highest peak of Goushan, waving his hand to thank others for blowing jade sheng, which is beyond human reach. " Shenqing Deqian said; "Have a first-class mind, first-class knowledge, first-class true poetry. As in space, not at all; Like the sea of stars, thousands of sources gush out; If the soil paste is thick, spring thunder will move, and everything will be there. In ancient times, there were many people who could say this, including Dr. Qu. " Wang Guowei said: "Great poems can only be produced by combining the feelings of northerners with the imagination of southerners, that is, riding through the post stations in the north and south." Mr. Lu Xun said: "Qu Yuan in rhyme originated in Chu and was demoted, which is Li Sao." Escape is a great speech, outstanding in the world. Later generations were surprised by his literary talent and imitated it one after another, so it was produced in the original Chu, so it was called "Chu Ci". "Mr. Lu Xun commented on Historical Records as' a masterpiece of historians, and Li Sao has no rhyme', affirming its historical value and its literary value. The value of Li Sao is the same as that of Historical Records. Mr. Guo Moruo's comments on Qu Yuan and Qu Yuan's works can be found everywhere in this book. The following passage is even more intriguing, revealing the relationship between Qu Yuan and his works and the Chinese nation: "The Chu people exchanged the reputation of China for the reputation of Qu Yuan. ..... Qu Yuan created by Chu and Ci of Chu created by Qu Yuan actually unified China in spirit. If China people don't die, and China language doesn't die, the songs of the South will never be destroyed. The contribution of Chu people is immortal, and Qu Yuan is immortal. "
Scholars in past dynasties praised Qu Yuan's literary and artistic works. Apart from a large number of poems, there are also novels, plays and artistic works, among which the biographies of Qu Yuan by Shen Yazhi, Qu Yuan's Throwing into the River by Sui, Qu Zi Xing Yin Tu by Chen Hongshou, Li Sao Tu by Xiao and Makeup Li Sao Tu by Men have great influence. Contemporary poems, novels, plays, movies and TV plays praising Qu Yuan have mushroomed, among which Guo Moruo's Hamlet-style historical drama Qu Yuan is the most famous. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's performance in Chungking aroused the patriotic enthusiasm of China people and put them into the national war against Japanese invaders.
After the regime returned to the people, Qu Yuan's research activities flourished, from individual research to group research, specialized agency research, from overall comprehensive research to specific thematic research, all about Qu Yuan's birth and death, life experience, ideological character, characteristics of the times, political career, poetry creation and so on. , has become a research topic, its fiery degree spread all over China and even the world, making Qu Yuan move from an ancient oriental civilization dominated by traditional culture to an all-round open western world.
1982 Dragon Boat Festival, initiated by Hubei Academy of Social Sciences, Social Science Federation and Literary Federation, invited about 18 provinces and cities 120 experts, writers and artists from Qu Yuan to hold the first national "Qu Yuan Academic Seminar" in Zigui, Qu Yuan's hometown. In August 1983 and May 1984, two national "Qu Xue Seminars" were held in Dalian, Liaoning and Chengdu, Sichuan respectively. During the Dragon Boat Festival from 65438 to 0984, the first Qu Yuan research group in China-Hubei Qu Yuan Research Association (later renamed the Society) was established in Wuhan. Qu Yuan Society of Hunan Province was established in Yueyang on April 1985. In the same year, the Dragon Boat Festival held the inaugural meeting of Qu Yuan Society in jiangling county, Hubei Province. Professor Tang, a famous expert on Chu Ci, was elected honorary president, and another expert on Chu Ci, was elected president. As of May 1998, the Chinese Quyi Artists Association held six annual meetings in Fuyang, Zhejiang, Miluo, Hunan, Guiyang, Guizhou, Linfen, Shanxi, Jiangling, Hubei and Shenzhen, Guangdong. In addition to national activities, Qu Yuan research activities in various provinces and cities are also in the ascendant. Only the Quyuan Society of Hubei Province held many annual meetings in Wuhan, Huangshi, Xiangyang, Enshi, Jiangling, Yichang and other places, and achieved many research results. 1999 During the Dragon Boat Festival, the Chinese Qu Yuan Society returned to Zigui, Qu Yuan's hometown, and Professor Chu Binjie, the president of the Society, presided over the meeting, which drew a successful conclusion for the study of Qu Yuan in the 20th century.
Qu Yuan belongs to China as well as the world. In 1970s, Federlin, a famous sinologist in the former Soviet Union, put forward the important research topic of "the uniqueness and humanity of Qu Yuan's poems", which aroused worldwide interest in the study of Qu Yuan. Marked by the research content, foreign scholars have roughly formed three trends in the study of Qu Yuan and his works: the traditional style represented by Federlin, Sherebrie Iacov and Hungarian sinologist Tokai pays attention to the artistic value of Qu Yuan's works and its position in the history of world literature; The academic schools represented by Professor Iwao Fujino, Professor Wu Zhengxiong and Professor Kenichiro Inami in Japan pay attention to the textual research and interpretation of Qu Yuan's poems. Western Style, led by American sinologists Zhan Mu R. Haitao and Lawrence A. Schneider, and represented by British sinologist David Hawkes, French sinologist Dai Miwei and German sinologist Wei Deming, focuses on the subtle relationship between the monarch and the minister in ancient China from Qu Yuan's life experience and works, and deeply explores the historical and cultural background and internal and external conditions of Qu Yuan's political career and literary creation. Schneider's monograph has been fed back to China. Professor Inami Kenichiro made a special trip to China to attend the inaugural meeting of the Qu Yuan Society of China. Many Japanese scholars even think that the ancient Chu State is "the hometown of Japanese".
Qu Yuan's spirit plays a role in both ancient and contemporary times. Patriotism is the spiritual pillar of a nation, the cohesion of the country and society, and the touchstone for testing individual behavior at any time. When Qu Yuan was treated unfairly, he was advised to leave Chu. With his talent and reputation, kings all over the world welcomed him. During the Warring States period, the flow of talents had a broad market. Many people of insight can't be reused in their own countries, so they go to other countries to seek development. Especially those strategists who take lobbying as their profession are passionate about each other and become mothers when they have milk. Qu Yuan, who is concerned about the country and the people, "cannot bear to go to the country". He failed to serve the country, stayed away from the Chu Palace, and still "cared about Chu and the king", unwilling to leave his native land where he was born and raised. The greatness of Qu Yuan's spirit lies in that he can run away and never leave. The patriotic feeling of "the bird flies back to its hometown, and the fox dies first" persists in its own behavior.
Patriotism is the national spirit of Chinese nation. After Qu Yuan, such as Yang Ye in the Northern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei and Wen Tianxiang in the Southern Song Dynasty, Shi Kefa in the Ming Dynasty, Xia Wanchun in the Southern Song Dynasty, Lin Zexu and Deng Shichang in the Qing Dynasty, and outstanding sons and daughters of China's * * * production party, Shi Yang, Xia, Ji Hongchang and Jiang, died for their country. Their fearless spirit of dying made the executioner standing in front of them tremble with fear. "Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a heart that shines on history"; "It doesn't matter if you behead, as long as it's true"; "I hate not to die for my country, but the shame of today. The country is still broken, why should I cherish this head? " The banner of patriotism is raised higher and higher in their hands, making them a symbol of the nation and a real fierce land that dares to shed blood for their ideals. Life is a hero, and death is a hero.
Qu Yuan died in the grave for more than 2,000 years, but actually came back to life in the middle of the 20th century, boarded Boeing, crossed the ocean, entered the western world known as the civilized country, broke into sacred institutions of higher learning, knocked on the study of famous scholars, and attracted them to hug him, worship him and study him like magnets. This is the power of personality, literature and justice. It is the expansion and extension of the splendid culture of the Chinese nation for 5,000 years. It transcends time and space and spreads all over the world, and all China people are proud of it.
1953, as a poet, Qu Yuan, together with Polish astronomer Copernicus, French writer rabelais, Cuban writer and national movement leader Jose Marti, became one of the four world cultural celebrities that the World Peace Council decided to commemorate that year.
Second, people's nostalgia.
After Qu Yuan threw himself into the river, the people of Chu were extremely sad and angry. Soon after, the Duke of South Chu issued a roar of "Although there are three Chu clans, Qin will die". After Qin Shihuang unified China, he only ruled 12 years. In the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC), two peasant uprisings broke out in Chen Sheng, Guangwu and Xiang Liang, which accelerated the demise of the Qin Dynasty and made it rule only in China for 15 years. Xiang Liang has Xiong Xin, the grandson of Chu Huaiwang, as the king, also known as Chu Huaiwang, and its capital is Xutai (northeast of Xuyi County, Jiangsu Province). After Ding Liang died, his nephew Xiang Yu became the overlord of the place of Chu, inherited Xiang Liang's career, and attempted to restore the old system of Chu. However, history is irreversible. Soon the battle between Chu and Han broke out, and Han and Liu Bang successfully established the Western Han Dynasty.
Qu Yuan was highly respected in the Han Dynasty, so people miss him more. There are more and more legends about Qu Yuan. During the Jianwu period of the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25-55), a man named Qu (European) Society in Changsha suddenly met the doctor Qu Yuan in broad daylight and told him about Xiaolong stealing zongzi, telling him how to make zongzi and how to make zongzi in the future. District Hui told the villagers about the adventure, and the villagers were in tears and made zongzi seriously according to Qu Yuan's instructions. This legend was later written into a wonderful book by Wu Yun, a writer in the Liang Dynasty. Collected in "Continued Harmony", the original text reads: "Qu Yuan died in Miluo on May 5th. Chu people mourn it and throw rice into the water every day to sacrifice it. During the Jianwu period of the Han Dynasty, a man who claimed to be Dr. San Lv suddenly appeared in Changsha, saying,' I have heard of your's joint sacrifice, which is very kind. But it was kept there all the year round and was stolen by Xiaolong. What's good about today? You can plug it with neem leaves and tie it with five-color silk. This is what the dragon is afraid of. Go back to his words. Making zongzi, five-color silk and neem leaves on May 5th is the legacy of Miluo. Shen Yazhi's Biography of Qu Yuan quoted this passage.
Dragon Boat Festival was originally a festival for farmers in ancient China. Wen Yiduo thinks that the Dragon Boat Festival originated in wuyue in the article "Dragon Boat Festival Examination". Wu Yue people regard dragons as totems and consider themselves descendants of dragons. They sacrifice on May 5th every year, throwing zongzi and other sacrifices into the water for dragons to enjoy, so as not to harm future generations. People in wuyue had the custom of tattooing for a long time. They tattooed all kinds of dragons on their bodies. Young people with tattoos were selected to row dragon boats, making dragon boat racing an important item in totem ceremony and a collective activity integrating society, religion and entertainment.
In the south, in May of the summer calendar, during the small slack period after the last summer harvest, farmers celebrate the harvest and adjust their lives, and girls go back to their parents' homes to visit relatives, making the Dragon Boat Festival widely popular. The local custom in the Western Jin Dynasty says: "Midsummer Dragon Boat Festival, cooking corn." Emu is a duck, and corn millet is zongzi, which shows the grand occasion of the Dragon Boat Festival in Jiangnan water town. This custom has been passed down to this day, especially in southern China.
Arouse the soul of the dead
It is a coincidence that the Dragon Boat Festival is associated with Qu Yuan, because the day when Qu Yuan threw himself into the river happened to be the Dragon Boat Festival. Liang Zongqi's Chronicle of Jingchu in the Southern Dynasties said: "On May 5th, it was customary for Qu Yuan to throw his life at Miluo, and he was injured and ordered a boat to save him." Saving Qu Yuan by boat is vaguely related to the Dragon Boat Festival. Geography of Sui Shu remembers the ins and outs of this connection and the grand occasion of the activities in detail: "Qu Yuan went to Miluo with the hope of looking at the sun in May, and the natives chased him to Dongting, but the lake was too big and the boat was too small to get help, so they sang' How can we cross the lake'? Drumming with drums, fighting for return, competing in pavilions and learning from each other are the drama of a racing car. Its pace is fast, the music is chaotic, and the land and water shake greatly, which is all the same in the county, but especially in Nanjun. "
Qu Yuan and Dragon Boat Festival seem to have forged an indissoluble bond. In the Warring States period more than two thousand years ago, Qu Yuan's whole day coincided with the Dragon Boat Festival. In the early Eastern Han Dynasty two thousand years ago, Qu Yuan was associated with eating and throwing zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties about 1500 years ago, Qu Yuan was associated with dragon boat racing. With the progress of society, people no longer believe in totem worship. Dragon Boat Festival has become a special festival in China to commemorate Qu Yuan, and its popularity and atmosphere are second only to Spring Festival. Whether this connection has internal roots or not, it reflects people's memory of Qu Yuan, indicating that the era of totem worship and idol worship has passed, and people should worship their national heroes and patriotic pioneers. Wen Yiduo researched the origin of Dragon Boat Festival, but he did not object to commemorating Qu Yuan on this day. 1April, 942, the progressive literature and art group "China Dramatic Art Society" directed by the producer of China * * * performed Guo Moruo's historical drama Qu Yuan in Chongqing, which caused a sensation in the mountain city of Chongqing. On the Dragon Boat Festival that year, a large number of progressive literary and art workers gathered in Chongqing to improvise poems, urging the Kuomintang to stop opposing * * * and unite against Japan. Everyone unanimously adopted the Dragon Boat Festival as "Poet's Day".
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the commemoration of Qu Yuan became more enthusiastic. Every year during the Dragon Boat Festival, poetry evenings and dragon boat races are held in many places, and there are also dragon boat races in Hongkong, Macau, Taiwan Province, Singapore, Australia and other countries. In China, dragon boat racing has developed from a mass commemoration to a mass movement. In recent years, it has developed into a competitive sport, holding regular national dragon boat races and gradually spreading to the world. Qu yuan will board the dragon boat and cross the ocean again, making him famous all over the world.
Third, the way to commemorate Qu Yuan's hometown
Qu Yuan was born in Zigui, and the people in Zigui cherish the memory of Qu Yuan more than anywhere else, and the way of commemorating him is better than anywhere else. A few days before the Dragon Boat Festival every year, thousands of families on both sides of Xiling Gorge began to soak glutinous rice, kill chickens and ducks, sweep the courtyard and build dragon boats, gradually revealing the festive atmosphere. On the Dragon Boat Festival, calamus and mugwort leaves are hung on the doors of every household, and some garlic is also hung. Fish and salted duck eggs, garlic fried amaranth and realgar wine are indispensable on the table, and some people want to eat purslane. Portulaca oleracea, also known as "long-lived vegetable", has the function of clearing away heat and toxic materials, and contains longing for a better life in the future. Of course, zongzi is indispensable. Zigui people are particularly particular about making zongzi. There is a red date in the middle of glutinous rice, and the song of Zongzi is circulated, which is a portrayal of Qu Yuan's personality and experience:
Angular, heart and soul.
A white suit, half my life.
Watching the dragon boat is the biggest mass rally in Zigui. As soon as the gong rang, the "Evocation Song" was sung. With the call of "Brother is back", people from six townships gathered on both sides of Xiling Gorge, pinning their hometown people's deep affection for Qu Yuan with tears and laughter. Dragon Boat Racing
Qu Yuan's birthplace has a farmers' poetry club-San Lv Sao Tan Poetry Club in Zigui County, which was founded in 1982. Every year during the Dragon Boat Festival, the poetry club holds the Dragon Boat Festival Poetry Club in Leping, inheriting Qu Zi's legacy, and sometimes invites poets inside and outside the county to hold the Dragon Boat Festival Poetry Club in Qu Yuan's birthplace. Their poems spread all over the world. Tan Guangpei, president of the Poetry Society, was accepted as a member of Quyuan Society in Hubei Province and was recommended as an alternate representative of the inaugural meeting of China Poetry Society. He is a mud poet who cultivates green fields to the core. In the past 20 years, SAO Tan Poetry Society has created more than 2,000 old-style poems and published several selected books.
There are many permanent monuments in Zigui, Qu Yuan's hometown, especially Qu Yuan Temple and Temple. There are five written records since the Tang and Song Dynasties, and there are two existing ones.
In the 15th year of the Tang and Yuan Dynasties (AD 820) of Quyuan Temple, Wang Maoyuan, a right-wing general of Shence, returned to the state to make a secretariat, lamenting that Quyuan's "birthplace is an invisible place in the temple" and built a Quyuan Temple in Qutuo, five miles east of the city. "Respecting God's chapter and clothing, according to the Tang system", and made an inscription and preface to the ancestral temple of Dr. Qu of Chu. This is probably the earliest Quyuan Temple in Zigui. In the third year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1080), Song Shenzong Zhao named Qu Yuan the "Qinglie Gong", and the people of Guizhou raised funds to build the "Qinglie Gong Temple" in Qutuo. The shrine is a quadrilateral building with a hard roof, which consists of a mountain gate, an annex, a main hall and a back hall, with a building area of 350 square meters, facing the Taichu Mountain on the hillside.
Qu yuan's ci
In the early years of Thailand (A.D. 1324), the Tuge Wang brothers who returned did not spend too much time to repair the Qinglie Gong Temple, which was delayed for a long time and almost ignored. In the second year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1342), the magistrate Mirhama proposed to repair it again, and took out some salaries to take the lead in advocating it. Rich gentry sponsored it one after another, and the new temple was built in the third year. Mirhama proposed to change it to "Qingliu Gongmiao" and asked Huguang Confucianism to recommend Huang Qingliu to write an article "Qingliu Gongmiao". Twenty-five years of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1597), eight years of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1669), Sun Henian, eleven years of Yongzheng (A.D. 1733), Wang Jingyang, a scholar in Hubei, and Qianlong for forty-six years after the founding of the People's Republic of China (A.D.1733). The ancestral hall covers an area of 20.7 mu. The main project/kloc-0 started in February, 1977 and was completed on June 25th, 1982. It was renamed Quyuan Temple. The new Cishan Gate maintains the original appearance of the Qinglie Temple and expands its scale. There is an archway, with a height of17m, and the distribution room extends for 7m from left to right. The arch is covered with glazed tiles. The first horn is fish, the second is dragon, the third is grass dragon, and the middle ridge is decorated with vase. On the front of the archway, there is Tianming Hall in the middle, and there are two dragon balls on the left and right, embedded with the word "Quyuan Temple" inscribed by Guo Moruo. The forehead is the title of Xiangyang Wang "Lonely loyalty and lingering fragrance", and the door plaque is the title of Wuhan "Striving for the Sun and the Moon". Zhao Puchu's couplet is molded in the temple: "The festival is full of loyalty, the rainbow is full of breath, and the nine chapters are full of songs; The Meiji rebellion, the idea of saving the country, and the legacy of Ze forever. " The whole building is magnificent and stands between citrus reticulata. There are blue sky, red sun, sea and waves in the middle of the first floor, a deformed dragon on the second floor and a flying phoenix on the third floor. Under Tian Mingtang, Songhe pays a New Year call, with Kirin spitting jade books on both sides, and the lace on the wall is rolled grass, Chinese patterns, palindromes and so on. The whole painting is red, yellow, green and blue, which set each other off. The east-west matching rooms are hard hilltops with undulating dragon ridges and dragon and phoenix patterns. This is a place where tourists can write poems and draw pictures and have a tea break.
The most striking thing about Quyuan Temple is a solemn bronze statue of Quyuan, which stands on the lawn in the center of the temple. The base is granite, 2.5 meters high. The bronze statue is 3.92 meters high and has a sleeve circumference of 5 meters. The characterization is "bow your head calmly and walk slowly against the wind", which mainly depicts Qu Yuan's patriotic spirit of worrying about the country and the people, his indomitable spirit of struggle and his ideological realm of "The road is long and Xiu Yuan is Xi, Xiu Yuan is Xi, and I will go up and down to seek". The image is solemn and the theme is distinct.
There is also the earliest stone statue of Qu Yuan in China, with a height of 103 cm. There is an inscription on one side of the statue, which reads, "Cao Duanfu, a trusted person in Jingzhou Prefecture, and Zhu Sizi's wife, made a statue of Qu Yuan and entered Baigou Gorge Temple. Yongzheng Sifang, security dog. In March of the 16th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1537), Ding You went to Ji Dan. M: Tanaka, Zhizhong, Zhong Bing and the centrist. Craftsman Chen Bofu. " This stone statue was originally placed in Dr. Qu Temple in Xiaoqingtan. The local old man said that Cao Duanfu was a ship owner and he took his wife and four sons to Yichang. The wooden boat lost its money in Baigou Gorge (now Baojian Gorge, the art of war) and its family was rescued. Thanks to the blessing of Dr. Qu Yuan, he donated this stone statue. He always pinned his feelings for Qu Yuan's people who returned to Guizhou, and "domestic dog" was his nickname for his four sons. There are two stone tablets in the temple, east and west, covering an area of 17 1.5 square meters. Famous artists of past dynasties engraved Qu Yuan's poems with Qu Yuan's works and illustrations.
Qu Yuan also has a "Doctor Qu's Tomb", which is a cenotaph. According to Shao Bo's "Record after Hearing" in the Northern Song Dynasty: "Go to Tuo, the former residence of Qu Yuan is also. There are Quyuan Temple and Tomb on it. " According to the age of Shao Bo's life, this tomb is likely to be built at the same time as the Qinglie Temple in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the 9th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (A.D. 1670), the monarch Wang Jingyang was rebuilt. Forty-six years of Qianlong (A.D. 178 1), Hubei studies politics, Wu Fuxue. The old tomb was built on the left side of the original cleaning temple. The new tomb was built at the back edge of Quyuan Temple today, expanded according to the tomb of Qing Dynasty, with a solemn and spectacular appearance. When the tomb entered two places, bluestone covered tiles, fish became warped, and the lion and white elephant jumped out of the stone surface. The entrance to the tomb has three floors, with the name of the tomb above, the epitaph in the middle and the eulogy below. Four pillars in front of the door, eight-character fans, and three sides. One of them is: "tears wronged for a long time;" Returning to the mountain and sleeping forever. " Baitai is in the middle of the "Shou" shaped stone incense burner in Chen Yi, with the left and right stone lions in the air. Behind the tomb door is a stone tomb with two rooms, inside and outside. There is a lipstick lacquer Chu coffin in the inner room, which is placed on a giant lotus platform; There are small holes in the partition wall of the outer room, and you can see the "candlelight" and the "cigarette" in the inner room. The epitaph is:
The doctor's name is Ping, which means that when you get older, you will have Leping. Emperor Kao Boyong, a descendant of Emperor Levin; The ancestor Qu Xian took the feudal city as his surname.
Doctors care about the country and people all their lives. Cultivate talents inside, and strengthen Thailand outside. Appropriate yi cheung into chu, Zheng Xiu play politics. When the doctor died, he sang. The mountains and rivers are broken, and Miluo is wronged.
Oh! Doctors have been on the right path all their lives. Yi ci, monument; Strong winds and bright festivals shine with phosphorus. When Huai Sha went to the deep sea, he was frightened by the ghost crying. The lifelike fish lost its body, returned to its hometown and buried it with clothes, showing the affection of the elders in the village.
Now the water is thousands of miles back, and the tomb is covered with ze quilt. Choose a place to move and bury, and always comfort the loyal soul.
1982, Hitachi, Xia Ji.
There are two Qu Yuan temples in Leping, the birthplace of Qu Yuan. A xiangluping in Quyuan village was built in the Ming Dynasty, rebuilt in the 15th year of Guangxu (AD 1889), and then abandoned. One is located at the border of Beifeng Village. In the forty-second year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1703), it was built in the state of Wei, and then abandoned. The newly-built Quyuan Temple is located at the foot of Jiangzhong Mountain on the northern edge of Lepingli, with a construction area of 264 square meters. Similar to the restoration of houses in the Qing Dynasty, the small blue tile brick-wood structure has doors and houses. The main hall is composed. In front of the temple stood a pair of stone lions with 67 stone steps. The temple is divided into two sections by mountains, with hard peaks, cat arches and blue tiles and white walls. The painting is elegant and simple, with folk temple style. The new temple was built in Mausoleum Ridge in 1980, moved to Zhongshan in 1983, and completed in 1984+00+05. The inscription of Quyuan Temple is Guo Moruo's handwriting 1965. In the main hall, there is a statue of Qu Yuan, seven stone tablets and famous painters and calligraphers since Qing Qianlong. The peasant poets Tan Guangpei and Du Qingshan of San Lv Sao Tan Poetry Society wrote inscriptions for the reconstruction of Quyuan Temple in San Lv;
Qu Yuan was born in Xiangluping, Lepingli, silver moon, in 340 BC.
Gong studied hard at school since childhood and later became a big official. As an official, he regards himself as a left disciple, knows the way of "promoting talents and empowering people", serves the policy of "uniting Qi to resist Qin", and is cautious and honest in doing things. Unexpectedly, the king was in a daze, the traitor was in exile, lonely and loyal, jealous and tired, and was exiled. On May 5, 278 BC, he was wronged and drowned in Miluo.
The official document is noble and magnificent, and he has written more than 20 articles such as Li Sao, expressing his concern for the sufferings of the country and people's livelihood. Successive dynasties pushed solitary loyalty, and posthumous title was fierce; The elders in the village set up shrines to worship. The people's government is the immortal poetic soul of the Chinese nation, and the purpose of rebuilding Quyuan Temple is to let the people have public interests.
1980, Meng Qiuji Hitachi.
The memorial archway of Qu Yuan's hometown is located outside Yinghemen in the east of Zigui County, and was built in the 10th year of Guangxu (AD 1884). Double-eave wood structure with glazed tile roof. Guo Moruo 1965 10 wrote the inscription "The Hometown of Qu Yuan" on October 25th. There are two huge stone tablets on the right, which are named "The Hometown of Doctor Chu Qu Yuan" and "The Hometown of Wang Qiang, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty".
Lepingli archway is located in the population of musicians, the birthplace of Qu Yuan, across the stream from Qu Yuan Temple, and was built in 1983 65438+ 10. Cement structure, four columns and three doors, 9 meters high and 8 meters wide. There are three stone steps around the abutment to level the archway, and there are a pair of stone lions in front and back. The archway is exquisitely carved, brightly colored and magnificent. The word "Lepingli" is the original work of South Sichuan and the Soviet Union.
Lepingli memorial archway
Qu yuan memorial hall in zigui county in Zigui County Pavilion was built at 1979, located in Quyuan Temple. The sloping roof, green glazed tiles and brown walls are elegant in style. There are two exhibition halls in the museum, the first is the exhibition of unearthed cultural relics in Zigui, and the next is the exhibition of Qu Yuan's life and deeds. 1980 In February, qu yuan memorial hall in zigui county, Zigui County, Hubei Province, was established as an institution for the management of cultural relics, natural history and places of interest in Zigui County, and received Chinese and foreign tourists.
Fourthly, Qu Yuan's ruins and legends have returned to the peak.
After the death of Qu Yuan, his birthplace Lepingli and the Miluo River where he threw himself into the river left many sites and legends about Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan's ruins in Lepingli include: Xiangluping, Qu Yuan's homestead, reading cave, opposite terrace, cornfield, drum terrace and so on. The relics of Qu Yuan beside the Miluo River include Yucang Mountain, Duxing Pavilion, the pleasing Zhuoying Bridge, Sao altar and Gotama. Some sites and legends coexist, some only have sites without legends, some only have legends without legends, and some sites are touching legends themselves.
Xiangluping is also called "Quping". Located in the south of Lepingli, facing Wangzhai. The flat land is a crescent-shaped platform, which is concave in the middle and protruding at both ends, like a huge incense burner cut, hence the name. There are patches of citrus trees around the platform, a green rice field in the middle, bamboo forests under the platform, drums and streams gurgling at the bottom of the valley. Opposite Pingping is the commanding Mount Khufu, which looks like a crouching tiger. At the junction of Tianshan Mountain, there are three tall and beautiful peaks lined up, echoing with Xiangluping from afar, hence the name "Samsung holds the moon", also known as "Samsung shines on the half moon". According to legend, Qu Yuan's former residence was built in Xiangluping, a beautiful place in Zhong Ling.
Qu Yuan's homestead is located in the middle of Xiangluping. The hometown of Quping in Jing Zhou Ji by Geng and Yi Du Shan Chuan Ji by Yuan refers to this ancient market.
The reading cave is also called the "learning cave". Located at the foot of Mount Khufu, by the Gu Xiang River. This cave is about 2m high, 4m wide and 3m deep. On the negative steep rock, beside Qingxi. The vines hang down at the mouth of the cave, and the flowers and plants are fragrant. There are stone benches in the cave and stalactites at the top of the cave, just like a group of lotus lanterns hanging upside down. The surrounding scenery is quiet and dynamic. There is Gu Xiang Rock on the west side and a circular stone platform on the top of the rock, which is called Qu Yuan's poetry-chanting place, hence the name "Poetry-chanting Platform". To the south is Xiangguxi, the rapids fly down and fall into the stone pool, which looks like snow and sounds like drums. "A Record of Guizhou Landscape" contains: "Sanlilu Township, 120 miles northeast of Zhoucheng, it is said that Qu Yuan studied in this cave, and the site still exists." The poet Wu Zhangshu wrote a poem entitled "Reading the Cave": "The cave is a hundred miles away from the dust, and the poet makes the picture smooth. Who knows the general will in the dry year, and life does not regret being wrong. " Du Qingshan, a peasant poet, wrote "Mr. Wu Zhangshu read the original jade in the cave": "The ancient cave has been specialized for more than ten years, with lofty aspirations. If it weren't for the cold world, there would be a few pages of Li Sao. " Tan Guangpei, a peasant poet, wrote the poem "Reading Cave": "It is rumored that the old cave attacked books, and the year of Qu Zigan was what I thought. Once upon a time, Chenopodium burned the bright moon, but in this life, I wrote Gu Yan. You should see the mountain when you think about it, and you will know when you recite it. Knocking on the wall to add love, the aftertaste is like Li Sao. "
Zhaomian Well is located on the mountainside of Khufu and made of silver-gray keel. The wellhead is 80 cm in diameter and 60 cm in depth. Well water is crystal clear as a mirror, sweet and delicious. According to legend, this is the place where Qu Yuan took photos and washed his face when he was a child, and even a grain of dust could not escape the "well mirror". There is a stone tablet on the well platform, engraved with the three characters "face to face well" in the middle. The inscription reads: "This is a well left by the public, specially rearranged according to Shinto. Don't waste it in the future. " If you violate it, you will be condemned by heaven. This green tree must not be cut down. On July 12, the tenth year of Xianfeng reign in Qing Dynasty, fellow initiates from San Lv River Beach came to Hitachi. "
There is an evergreen tree and a shady oak tree on the left and right sides of the stone tablet. Like two majestic guards, they guarded Qu Gong's legacy well day and night, moved out of "God" and "Heaven" to safeguard Qu Gong's legacy well, and expressed their hometown people's admiration for Qu Yuan. There is a semicircular platform with a radius of 4 meters and a height of about 5 meters underground. There are stone railings at the edge of the platform, and 13 columns stand. The stone pillars are tall and short, and they are scattered. The tallest one is carved with an octagonal hat. There is a 12 hole in the middle of the stone pillar, which is divided into three layers. The upper layer is a square stone railing with four sides, the middle layer is a sheet railing engraved with multiple layers of patterns and patterns, and the lower layer is a long fan-shaped pillow railing bottom. Outside the railing, there is a strong Gu Song Cooper, which looks like rows of weeping willows with umbrellas, and hides the decorative wells on the mountainside of Khufu. Li Shengliang, a member of SAO altar, wrote the poem Face to Face: "It is as magical as face to face, and it is a beautiful poem. Sharpen the Lingyin Temple in the West Lake, and the doctor will win the Yaochi. "
Corn field is also called "Qutian" and "Sanshan Corn". Located on the right side of Qu Yuan's homestead, it is said that Qu Yuan once worked here in his youth, and it is also said that Qu Yuan returned to his hometown to farm after being exiled and managed paddy fields in Sanqiu with humiliation. Biography of Qu Yuan describes Qu Yuan. "I was laughed at, so I put it to use, sang" Li Sao ",and cried according to the thunder. At the time of the Chu famine, the original tears produced white rice as jade, and there were corn fields in Jiangling. " The rice in these hilly areas has red stems and red ears. The villagers said that it was stained with Qu Yuan's blood and tears, so it was named "Golden Japonica Rice".