The main component of soap is R-CO2Na (sodium stearate (C 17H35COONa)), in which R groups are generally different and are various hydrocarbon groups. R- is a hydrophobic group and carboxyl is a hydrophilic group. In hard water, soap and Ca2+, Mg2+ form curd-like substances, fatty acid calcium salts and so on. , also known as "calcium soap", has become a useless scale remover.
Adding softener to hard water can remove hard water ions and make soap work. The medicated soap is mainly added with some disinfectants. Soap adds essence. Crystal soap has a particularly strong degreasing power because it contains soap base.
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Because the ancients used Gleditsia sinensis to wash clothes in the Yellow River valley, and there were no Gleditsia sinensis trees in the Yangtze River valley, they found another tree. Its fruit performance is the same as Gleditsia sinensis, which can wash clothes, but it is more plump than Gleditsia sinensis, and it is named Gleditsia sinensis seed, also called Gleditsia sinensis fruit.
Later, when artificial detergents were invented, the word "soap" was still used. Because soap was made in the west, it was called "foreign alkali" at that time, although "alkali" and soap itself could not be equated;
However, driven by the novelty, Chinese people kept this name in official use for decades, and it was not until the national industry and commerce made their own soap that they gradually abandoned the word "foreign".