Since the publication of A Dream of Red Mansions, the image of Lin Daiyu has been understood and misunderstood. To correctly evaluate Lin Daiyu, I think Lin Daiyu must be put on the screen of the era in which she lived. Lin Daiyu is as beautiful as a fairy in Jia Baoyu's eyes, but you should know that Lin Daiyu's appearance is as morbid as Xie Xixi's; She has a strong self-esteem, but in fact she uses her self-esteem to cover up her inferiority; She is often narrow-minded, but there is honesty behind her narrow-mindedness; So she can't accept Jia Baoyu's way of finding love for pleasure, because she pursues true love; The death of Lin Daiyu is not only a social tragedy, but also a personality tragedy. Although she has shortcomings in character, she can't hide her rebellious light.

Keywords: morbid beauty, self-esteem, inferiority, narrow-mindedness, frankness, true love, rebellious tragedy

Since the publication of A Dream of Red Mansions, the image of Lin Daiyu has been understood and misunderstood. In the new era, a dream of red mansions is showing the trend of letting a hundred flowers blossom. However, for Lin Daiyu, she seems to be facing new bad luck. Especially among young people, the argument that Dai is not as good as firewood is quite popular, and she even takes revenge. To correctly evaluate Lin Daiyu, I think Lin Daiyu must be put on the screen of the era in which she lived. Otherwise, we will never get rid of the cycle of being understood and misunderstood.

First, the morbid beauty of Xixi.

Throughout A Dream of Red Mansions, the author did not spend too much ink on Lin Daiyu's description of external beauty. However, it is the description with little pen and ink that leaves a very beautiful image. We can learn from the opening words of "Fairy Grass on the Pearl" that "you can get the essence of heaven and earth to nourish you, and you can get a human form from the womb of vegetation", and these words realize that "the embodiment of Fairy Grass" is an extraordinary beauty and exquisiteness. Everything is beautiful in nature, every grass and tree is beautiful, not to mention a "fairy grass" nourished by the essence of heaven and earth and nectar! At this time, although the author did not directly describe the beauty of Daiyu, in the reader's mind, she was already fascinated by this "female body made of fairy grass". At this point, the author has successfully created a "delicate" image of Daiyu.

When Daiyu first entered the Jia family, the author did not directly describe her external beauty, but skillfully used Xifeng's mouth and Baoyu's eyes to see the beauty of Lin Daiyu. When Feng, who spoke frankly, saw Daiyu, she was greatly surprised: "There are such beauties in the world, and I just saw them today!" Although this sentence did not directly describe the beauty of Daiyu, it left a "beautiful" image for readers. Let's take a look at the image of Daiyu in Baoyu's eyes: "Two bends are like frowning brows, and one pair seems to be happy but not happy." The state has two sorrows, and it is sick. Tears a little, breath slightly. Silence is like a beautiful flower shining on the water, and action is like a weak willow. The heart is a little more than the stem, and the disease is not as good as the west. Baoyu called him "Sister Fairy". At this time, a living "beautiful" Daiyu has jumped on the paper. This is Lin Daiyu's "external beauty". But her "external beauty" is the morbid beauty of "attacking all over the body" and "being as sick as Xizi wins three points", just like a "holding Xizi's heart".

Second, cover up inferiority with self-esteem.

Zhou Rui's family sent palace flowers, which was originally just a detour, but it happened to be given to Daiyu in the end, which aroused the girl's vigilance: "Is it just for me or all the other girls?" When Zhou Rui's family answered "You all have them, and these two are girls", Daiyu immediately gave me an thimble: "I knew others would not pick the rest and give it to me." If Lin and Jia had no distinction of family status, Daiyu would never be sensitive to the distinction from the order of sending flowers to the distinction between nobility and inferiority. Here, the self-esteem of "being afraid of being laughed at" becomes the self-defense of "being afraid of being seen by villains". This self-defense is a subtle reflection of Dai Yu's inner environmental changes and family differences. Judging from the scenery, it is not only for Zhou Rui's family, but also for Aunt Xue and Jia Fu. She wants to weigh herself on the scales of the royal family and the Houmen family by sending the palace flowers. This is the essence of the problem. Commenting on this passage, Zhifuzhai said: "Now I have a new passage, but I wrote the nature of A Qiu from my bones, so I know this is also the official story of A Qiu." "Nature" refers to this kind of self-esteem that makes others a little unbearable. Daiyu, who won't be hurt by others the least, hurts others the most unscrupulously. But your wife never imagined that it was obviously beneath her dignity to vent on Zhou Ruigu's minions, but what she wanted was lost. This detail is undoubtedly the crowning touch of Daiyu's personality background, so Zhi Yanzhai solemnly pointed out that "writing from the bone".

Of course, a person can't live without self-esteem, but if she has too much self-esteem, she will develop into narrow-mindedness. When Shi Xiangyun said that the actors in Xiao Dan were a bit like her, Miss Lin's slight resentment turned into thunder and anger. But she noticed her identity this time, and she didn't have an attack at that time. Back at home, she confided to her lover one after another: "I used to make fun of you-compare me to a player?" "This section is also angry. Then why are you blinking at the clouds again? What are you worried about? She will degrade herself only if I insist on her own opinions? He is a waiting lady, and I am an ordinary girl. He is very stubborn to me. If I answer back, won't he make himself look down on others? That's the idea, isn't it? This is also your kindness, but this kind of goodwill, which does not receive you, is generally annoying. You made love to me again, but you said I was a little girl, and I was very angry with my behavior. You are afraid that he will offend me. If I am angry with him, what's it to you? What does it matter to you that he has offended me? "(the 22nd time) Here, Teacher Lin explained the values of personality and family and the relationship between them clearly. Being compared to a player can be forgiven, but it is unbearable to regard Xiangyun as more noble than her. Although this is only her analysis, Baoyu didn't mean it. But let's not be fooled by Daiyu's sophistry. In fact, the most unforgivable thing is to compare him to a player. She felt that her identity was humiliated and her self-esteem was hurt, so she vented so much, which was an obvious manifestation of her self-esteem.

In fact, for Lin Daiyu, self-esteem and inferiority are just twin sisters. The former is the externalization of the latter and the latter is the connotation of the former. Different from Jia's family background and dependence on others, she has a deep sense of inferiority, so she always tries to maintain her self-esteem in front of others and cover up her inner inferiority with self-esteem.

Third, there is frankness behind narrowness.

Everyone seems to know Daiyu's narrow-mindedness, but we should also see that there is frankness behind her narrow-mindedness.

Before she got engaged to Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu was a little "petty" to her two rivals, Xue Baochai and Shi Xiangyun, which was sometimes unreasonable. If Xue Baochai is ill, it is reasonable for Jia Baoyu to come to see her, but Daiyu was unhappy at first sight and said, "Oh, I came at a bad time!" " "If I had known he was coming, I wouldn't have come. If this is a thorn, both Xue Baochai and Jia Baoyu are embarrassed.

The truth of Lin Daiyu, while revealing her shortcomings almost undisguised, is also opening her innocent heart to people. In her eyes, there is no room for dust, and she doesn't remember it. When she has an opinion about someone or something, she can express her opinion bluntly, but it's just a matter of fact, and she will put it aside after talking. It is with this frankness that she has won the friendship of her sisters, and no one treats Sister Lin, whose actions are annoying, as an outsider. If she is away at any time, everyone will feel empty and lonely. After all, she has a brilliant soul. Small and bitter, but a small flaw in jade.

In the Grand View Garden, it seems that she only made enemies with Xue Baochai, because she once regarded Baochai as her rival in love. But it was they who later "dissected each other's Jinlan language" and formed "Jinlan chess", which became the most touching chapter in friendship. Baochai's bitter criticism touched her and said affectionately, "It's good that you always treat people, but I am the most caring person. I just think you have a traitor in your heart. The day before yesterday, you said it was not good to read miscellaneous books. I am very grateful to you for your kind words. It turned out that I was wrong in the past, but now I am really wrong. After careful calculation, my mother died young and had no sisters or brothers. I am fifteen years old this year, but no one taught me what you said the day before yesterday. You can't blame Miss Yun for saying hello. I saw him praise you in the past, but I'm still useless. I didn't know until I passed by yesterday. For example, if you say so, I will not let you go; You don't mind telling me those words, so I was wrong ... "What she said to Baochai seemed like a profound self-reflection. Explain that she did not tolerate other people's shortcomings in the past because she had not realized her own shortcomings; So I can't hear others praise Baochai, because he always thinks Baochai is "hiding a traitor in his heart." Here, we can see that the girl's self-esteem is a little paranoid, and she has become open-minded and frank.

Fourth, pursue true love.

Lin Daiyu is very isolated in Jiafu, and her only confidant is Jia Baoyu. Love for Jia Baoyu is the fire of her life. Once you lose this love, life is over.

Lin Daiyu can't live without Jia Baoyu, not to mention losing his heart. But in the first love stage, the two are at arm's length, testing each other and refusing to show their sincerity. Lin Daiyu, in particular, refused to show her love for Jia Baoyu easily before she fully understood his sincerity because she was very self-respecting. At this time, Jia Baoyu has a kind of universal love for pure girls, and has obvious feelings for Xue Baochai and Shi Xiangyun, which makes Lin Daiyu unbearable. She said bluntly to Jia Baoyu, "I know you have a' sister' in your heart, but you forgot it when you met her."

Lin Daiyu pursues love persistently, but when Jia Baoyu really expresses his love to her through the words of The West Chamber, she will blame him instead. Lin Daiyu and Jia Baoyu read The West Chamber for the first time. She "watched more and more, and in less than one meal, she read all sixteen things and consciously warned people that the fragrance was full of words." Although I finished reading the book, I just lost my mind and recited it silently in my heart. " Jia Baoyu took the opportunity to say to her, "I am a sad sick body, and you are the beauty." Lin Daiyu's cheeks were red with anger. She cried and raised two eyebrows that seemed to frown, stared at two eyes that seemed to stare, and her cheeks were angry and her face was angry. Pointing at Baoyu, she said, "You damn nonsense, you learn this obscene song well, and you bully me by learning these bastards' words. I'll tell my uncle and aunt. " The second time, Jia Baoyu said to Zijuan through a sentence that Zhang Sheng said to the matchmaker in the West Chamber: "Good girl,' If you are affectionate, how can you make the bed? ""Love for Lin Daiyu is coming again. Lin Daiyu, on the other hand, cried, "You damn nonsense, you made this obscene and pornographic song well, read the fucking book, learned it, and made fun of me. I became a boring person. " And immediately "go out". How contradictory Lin Daiyu's words and deeds are! She pesters Jia Baoyu every day, suffering day and night for not getting Jia Baoyu's love, and feeling uncomfortable all over. However, as soon as Jia Baoyu made a statement, she assumed the posture of a noble lady, denouncing The West Chamber, which was a "good article" in her mind, as a "slutty song" and a "fucking book", and did not hesitate to move out of Jia Baoyu's most feared confinement curse-Jia Zheng's right to suppress Jia Baoyu. Is this too "perverse"? In fact, Jia Baoyu is a noble child, and he is somewhat infected with the bad habits of the nobility. Before Lin Daiyu saw his sincerity, she remained vigilant. Lin Daiyu can't accept Jia Baoyu's love expression, because she is pursuing true love.

Under the influence of Lin Daiyu's sincere love, Jia Baoyu unfairly praised Lin Daiyu for not talking nonsense about her career and economy in front of Shi Xiangyun, and bravely offered her his sincerity and gave her two old hands as tokens of love. At this time, Lin Daiyu has confirmed that Jia Baoyu really loves her. From then on, Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu never had a big fight again, and Lin Daiyu's sarcasm to Xue Baochai and Shi Xiangyun was much less.

Five, a correct view of Lin Daiyu's tragedy

After all, Lin Daiyu is a naive girl. She fantasized that her love with Jia Baoyu would one day be recognized by the ruling class and become a reasonable existence in the form of conforming to feudal ethics. However, there is nothing attached to the beautiful fantasy, and what is the ending? Lin Daiyu is not as optimistic and confident as Jia Baoyu. What she is worried about is "I don't know what will happen in the future", and more is a premonition of the tragic ending of this love. Love without marriage is incomplete, and it is in the process of developing love into marriage that Lin Daiyu encountered greater threats and was even more powerless.

The fact is that there is indeed an ominous dark cloud hanging over Baodai's love, and the maker of this dark cloud is Jia Mu, the supreme ruler of Jia's house. The problem of choosing a spouse for Baoyu, the darling of Grandmother Jia, is an important issue that lingers in her mind. Jia Mu has been paying attention to this problem for a long time and has taken some measures. As a candidate for Baoyu's concubine, Grandmother Jia chose Qingwen and gave her to Baoyu as a maid, saying, "Qingwen's maid is very kind to me." The other maids "are not as clever as he looks, and only he can be used by Baoyu in the future." Jia Jia is still so keen on Baoyu's concubine, so she has higher requirements for his wife and is naturally more cautious in her choice.

Lin Daiyu's narrow-minded and fangs offended many people around her and lost her friendly forces. Except for Baoyu and Zijuan, a close-fitting maid, no one in the Jia family cares about her and misses her. She is still everywhere, and others dare not say it, so she says it. For example, everyone in the Grand View Garden knows about Baoyu and Aaron, but no one is afraid of breaking this paper. Only Daiyu dared to say to Aaron, "You say you are a girl, and I only regard you as my sister-in-law." Her personality is cold and arrogant. For example, he has no scruples about Mrs. Wang's confidant and the mole in Yee Hong Court, and is surprisingly straightforward. The most savage place of feudal obscurantism is often tyrannical and damaging people's personality, and the development of human nature is bound. Here, the real personality existence itself is rebellion.

Jia, who once regarded Daiyu as the apple of her eye, made it clear that she could not be betrothed to Baoyu after realizing Daiyu's worries, and after comparison, she was obviously biased towards Xue Baochai. After Grandmother Jia's attitude was clear, Wang Xifeng used the trick of "stealing the column" and told Baoyu to marry his sister Lin, but actually married Xue Baochai. In desperation, Lin Daiyu fell ill. Before she died, in despair and indignation, she burned a poem symbolizing her pure love with Baoyu and a manuscript containing her heart.

It can be seen that the death of Daiyu is both a social tragedy and a personality tragedy.

Lin Daiyu's character defects can't hide the light of her rebellious thoughts. When her love and happiness were strangled, she was so brave and firm that she expressed her strong resistance to the dark society with death. At this point, her rebellious character reached its peak. A beautiful, weak, brave and decisive tragic image is deeply engraved in readers' minds and stands tall in the history of China literature.

Ten other theories:

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As a close relative of Guo Rong Mansion, Lin Daiyu is also a member of that social ruling class. Born as a hereditary marquis, she came from a poor family, which was the so-called "aristocratic family" envied by many people at that time. Bureaucratic father, because of the "sigh of desolation under his knees", raised his only daughter, taught her to read and write since childhood, and loved her like the apple of his eye. She seems to have a spoiled and unrestrained childhood. However, due to her delicate constitution and her mother's early death, we can see that there was a lingering melancholy in her childhood.

This aristocratic bureaucratic family seems to have no time to give her more class education; It seems that she hasn't had time to bring her deep feelings about all the social regulations on women; But it only left an empty and warm memory for her life, which made her take the first step towards social life. In order to "relieve her father's domestic troubles and foreign invasion", she came to the newly "prosperous" Guo Rong Mansion.

As soon as she stepped into the gate of Guo Rong Mansion, she was immediately wrapped by the "gentleness" in the feudal family. Jia Mu "cried in her arms"; Lady Wang took out satin to cut her clothes; Feng also took her hand and said, "Just tell me what you want to eat and what you are stubborn about. If the girl's wife is not well, just tell me ",and immediately ask someone to clean up the house for her. This grandson and daughter who came from afar not only received such a warm reception as soon as they set foot on the threshold, but also "loved them" and put their three granddaughters "Yingchun, Tanchun and Xichun behind" and "ate and lived like Baoyu". Indeed, who once favored Fu so much? Love has reached the highest level. Who in Guo Rong Building doesn't give a respectful and warm look to this girl who is "well-behaved and well-spoken"?

Not only that, the cousin who made her feel strange at first sight, but also "sat together for one day and stopped together for one night", and the intimacy was "different" ...

Or is it a prelude to that family tragedy?

The complex phenomenon of life is to unfold such a "mystery of life" for us first.

When we first arrived at Guo Rong Building, we saw Lin Daiyu observing everything carefully and answering everything politely. She seems to remember her mother's last words: "Grandma's house is different from other homes", so she "pays attention step by step, always cares, does not say a word, and does not move forward" ...

This cautious life may have its own advantages?

However, we saw that she didn't seem to do it seriously. She soon left an impression of "aloof" on the people in Guo Rong Building.

It turned out that the kind of "attention" and "concern" when she first arrived here was only based on such a motive: "I am afraid of being laughed at." No wonder she didn't leave too much impression on others, just let us know that this is a girl with strong self-esteem.

However, fate seemed to play with her maliciously, and soon her father died again. When she went back to her hometown to take care of her affairs, and then returned to the mansion, she was no longer the young lady of Yangzhou Yanbanlin, who came here as a guest, but a homeless relative who came to Jia's mansion to take refuge. Under such circumstances, self-esteem has obviously lost its place, and her "self-restraint" is even more out of place.

However, this change did not change the girl's attitude towards life. On the contrary, it seemed to arouse her pride and make her stare around suspiciously for fear that someone would discriminate and despise her. Zhou Rui's wife gave two palace flowers, and her first concern was not its "Wei Miaoxin Qiao", but whether "others didn't pick the rest". When Yuan Chun returned to this province, everyone wrote poems and had a good time. She could have sung a hymn to her voice, but all she wanted to do was "show her talent to be overwhelming". Later, because he could not "violate many lines", he "made a five-character law at random." Grandmother Jia was unhappy for Xue Baochai's birthday. This was not suitable for words, but she just showed her "resentment". Shi Xiangyun said that she was like Xiao Dan on the stage, and everyone smiled and echoed. She could have laughed it off, but she sensitively felt that comparing her with a "player" was a kind of "teasing" with contempt, so she was greatly dissatisfied and could not help but get angry. ...

It seems that this girl has too much sensitivity and self-esteem. Her temperament seems so narrow. But all this always stems from a hidden pain in her heart, that is, her fate of relying on others to live. She is uneasy about this fate, but she can't get rid of it. This kind of contradiction often distorts her feelings and psychology, so her mood will never be calm and will provoke a lot of seemingly unnecessary troubles and pains.

Once, she knocked on the door of Yikangyuan. Qingwen mistook it for a girl and refused to open the door. This pure misunderstanding actually hurt her so deeply. If she really "asks her loudly" outside the door, things will be solved. However, the situation under the fence did not allow her to think much, but immediately aroused her feelings: "Now his parents are dead and helpless, and now the family is dependent on each other, and now he is seriously disgusted and bored." Really, nothing hurts a girl more than hurting her self-esteem and her fate of living. That night, she "leaned against the railing of the bed, with her knees in her hands and tears in her eyes. Like a woodcarving clay sculpture, she sat straight for more than 20 days before falling asleep." The next day, she saw falling flowers all over the floor and wrote the famous Flower Burial with emotion.

The fallen petal awakens the fate that women can only be trampled on by others in her heart and cannot be dominated by themselves.

However, the girl can't know more, and she blames this fate on her lack of a home. As a result, she suffered from homesickness anxiety. The noise in the Grand View Garden, the laughter and warmth of other people's homes, and even the fallen flowers in nature, autumn wind and autumn rain, etc. , has caused her heart homeless. In front of her, the whole world seems to be the raw material for tears and sadness.

It seems that this grandmother's family didn't show any kindness to her, and everything treated her like a lady. She seems to torture herself with too much doubt and intolerance. She didn't seem to see that the lavish Jia family would care about the granddaughter's food and clothing expenses? At the same time, did you show any "petty" in front of her? What's more, Jia, who is too authoritative in feudal families, loves her so much; Losing parents not only did not cause discrimination, but aroused the warmth and love of the old lady. Indeed, living under the door of such a good relative, what is the need to be so obsessed with your own pain? Wouldn't it be lucky to be someone else?

However, it is here that we find the very subtle charm of Lin Daiyu.

It turns out that this is a person who never needs other people's clothes to forget his cold. This is a person who never regards the pity and charity of others as his own happiness. At the same time, this is another person who insists on personal dignity the more he resigned himself to his fate.

Such a character, living in that era, became the source of all pain. As Chernyshevski said: "What a person can enjoy and bear can only be given to him by society." Therefore, Lin Daiyu's pain is not due to her sensitivity and paranoia, not to mention her self-esteem, but to the private system that causes this sensitivity and paranoia and oppresses this self-esteem. Private ownership, which is the total root of all pain and evil.

In all feudal family societies in China, the value, dignity, status and so on of a person are calculated by furniture. The so-called "a daughter's son can't sit in the hall", "a rich family, a rich body" and so on just illustrate this situation. Therefore, a person who has no home is equal to losing all social status, and the whole world seems to stand up in front of him, and there is no place of his own. Lin Daiyu, who lost her home, found a place to live in Jiafu, but many mental obstacles such as boundaries and concepts caused by the private ownership social system have not been eliminated in her mind. At the same time, it has not been eliminated in the hearts of people around.

Moreover, private ownership has caused a lot of hatred, struggle, competition, fraud and so on between people, which happens every day in the walls of Guo Rongfu and beside Lin Daiyu. Faced with this situation, even the maid Jiahui, who is still not sensible, lamented: "This place is really unbearable!" Is it true that under those snobbish eyes, Lin Daiyu, who has nothing but a suit, can settle down?

Not only that, but how can even the formal members of this family settle down? Miss Tanchun put it well: "We are a family of flesh and blood. We are all like black-eyed chickens. I hope you eat me and I will eat you. " This feeling naturally deepened in Lin Daiyu, an outsider. To tell the truth, people respect her only because they respect Jia, which is too authoritative. At the same time, since others can generously give her this kind of love, of course, it can also be taken back reasonably. It turned out that it wasn't? Yes, this is the "character" that almost everyone can achieve until others show their faces.

It can be seen that Lin Daiyu's paranoia and sensitivity are not unfounded pains that she found herself. It is through her paranoia and sensitivity that we see what magic that society has! It can torture a person secretly and tortuous, and even make you feel that it is entirely his own fault after hurting a person.