Cefothiophene sodium (cephalosporin Ⅰ)
Ceflotin Sodium (Cefothiophene, Cefothiophene)
Alias: cephalosporin I, cephalosporin, cephalosporin I, thiomycin, sparfloxacin and cephalosporin sodium.
Function and use
This product is a semi-synthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent, and its mechanism of action is similar to that of penicillin, which produces bactericidal effect by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. This product is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, and its antibacterial spectrum includes gram-positive bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus, pneumococcus, anthrax, tetanus, diphtheria and so on. Gram-negative bacteria include meningococcus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Salmonella, Shigella, Bordetella pertussis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. In addition, actinomycetes, treponema pallidum and leptospira are also sensitive to this product.
Clinically, it is mainly used for infections caused by sensitive bacteria such as penicillin-resistant staphylococcus, such as respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, skin and soft tissue infection, septicemia, osteomyelitis, acute endocarditis, meningitis, syphilis and so on.
Dosage and usage
Adult intramuscular injection or intravenous injection, 2g ~ 6g/ day. Children, 50 mg ~ 100 mg/kg daily, divided into 2 ~ 4 times, dissolved in water for injection or normal saline and injected intramuscularly; Dissolve in normal saline or 20 ml ~ 30 ml of 5% ~10% glucose solution, slowly inject intravenously, and then drip intravenously after dilution.
side effect
1 can cause allergic reactions such as rash and anaphylactic shock.
2. Pain at the site of intramuscular injection.
Occasionally, gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea and vomiting occur.
4. Liver and kidney function decreased slightly and alanine aminotransferase increased.
Drug interaction and matters needing attention
1 probenecid should be combined in the treatment of urinary tract infection, which can inhibit renal tubular excretion and increase blood drug concentration.
2. Combined with penicillin or aminoglycoside antibiotics, it can produce synergistic effect; However, attention should be paid to the adverse reactions to renal function when combined with aminoglycosides.
It is not advisable to drip erythromycin, kanamycin, polymyxin B, tetracycline hydrochloride, vitamin C, aminophylline and antihistamine at the same time, so as to avoid titer reduction or turbid precipitation.
All people who are positive for penicillin skin test or allergic to penicillin, as well as those who are allergic to other drugs and allergic to penicillin, must have a skin test before using this product.
Cefotiadine
Ceflodine
Alias: cephalosporin II, cephalosporin II, cephalosporin II, cephalosporin II, cephalosporin II, cephalosporin II, cephalosporin II, cephalosporin II, cephalosporin II.
Function and use
It is basically similar to cefotaxime, but it has stronger effect on gram-positive bacteria and Escherichia coli. It is mainly used for respiratory tract infection, skin and soft tissue infection, urinary tract infection, biliary tract infection and chest and abdomen infection caused by sensitive bacteria, and can also be used for meningitis, septicemia and pleurisy. After injection, the blood concentration is higher than that of cefotaxime, and the excretion is slow.
Dosage and usage
Adult, intramuscular injection 1g ~ 3g/ day, divided into 3 ~ 4 times; Intravenous injection or intravenous drip 2g ~ 4g/ day; Intrathecal injection of 50mg/ time, 1 day or every other day 1 time. Children, intramuscular injection of 30 mg ~ 60 mg/kg daily, 3 ~ 4 times; Intravenous injection or intravenous drip 50 mg ~ 100 mg/kg daily.
side effect
1 is similar to cefotaxime, but its renal toxicity is obvious, and the damage to the kidney is parallel to the dose, and the average adult does not exceed 4g per day. Reduce renal function appropriately.
Occasionally alanine aminotransferase increased, leukopenia and allergic reaction.
Matters needing attention
Renal function damage caused by this product is common, so it is not suitable to be used with aminoglycoside antibiotics.
Cephalosporin (cefglycine)
Alias: cephalosporin ⅲ, cefglycine.
Function and use
The antibacterial spectrum of this product is similar to that of cefalexin, but its effect on gram-positive bacteria is slightly stronger than that of cefalexin.
Clinically used for urinary tract infection caused by sensitive bacteria, it has been rarely used at present.
Administration and dosage: oral: 250~500mg once, 4 times a day.
Side effects and precautions: similar to cefalexin.
cefalexin
cefalexin
Alias: Cephalosporin IV, Cephalosporin IV, Cephalexin, Benzothromycin, Sperling, Cephalexin.
Function and use
This product is a semi-synthetic first-generation oral cephalosporin. Its antibacterial spectrum is basically the same as cefotaxime and cefotaxime, and its antibacterial efficacy is weaker than both. However, this product is characterized by acid resistance and good oral absorption. It has a good antibacterial effect on drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Mainly used for respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, gynecological infection, skin and soft tissue infection, gonorrhea and so on caused by sensitive bacteria.
Dosage and usage
Oral, adult, 0.25g ~ 1g/ time, 3 ~ 4 times/day; Children, 30 mg ~ 100 mg/kg daily, taken four times.
side effect
1 is allergic to penicillin, but the incidence is low, mainly including rash, itching and drug fever.
Common gastrointestinal reactions include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and loss of appetite.
Matters needing attention
1 combined with probenecid can improve the curative effect.
Taking medicine after meals affects absorption and reduces the curative effect by 50%, so it should be taken on an empty stomach.
3 it is forbidden for those who are allergic to cephalosporins.
4. Patients with severely impaired renal function should reduce the dose.
Cefazolin sodium
Cefazolin sodium (cefmetazine)
Alias: cephalosporin Ⅴ, cephalosporin Ⅴ, cephalosporin Ⅴ, cephalosporin Ⅴ, cephalosporin Ⅴ, cephalosporin Ⅴ, cephalosporin Ⅴ, cephalosporin Ⅴ.
Function and use
This product is a semi-synthetic first-generation cephalosporin, and its antibacterial effect is basically the same as that of cefotaxime and cefotaxime. It has a strong effect on gram-positive bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococcus, pneumococcus, diphtheria bacillus and clostridium. It also has a strong effect on gram-negative bacteria, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae. It is also effective for Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and typhoid Bacillus. But not for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
This product has obvious advantages in the first generation cephalosporins. It is characterized by enzyme resistance, high efficiency and low toxicity, and is generally effective for both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with a wide range of clinical indications. Clinically, it is mainly used for respiratory tract infection, urogenital system infection, cholecystitis, liver abscess, endocarditis, septicemia, soft tissue and ear infection caused by sensitive bacteria. Because this product has a strong effect on Escherichia coli, and most of it is excreted from the kidney in its original form, it has a good effect on pyelonephritis and urinary tract infection.
Dosage and usage
Intramuscular injection or intravenous injection, adult, 0.5g/ time, 2-4 times/day; Children, 20 mg ~ 100 mg/kg daily, 2 ~ 4 times.
side effect
1 has low toxicity and little toxicity to hematopoietic system, liver and kidney.
There is mild pain locally after intramuscular injection. Allergic skin rash, drug fever, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
3. Cross allergic reaction with penicillin.
Matters needing attention
1 should not be mixed with aminoglycoside antibiotics and injected at the same time, so as not to reduce the curative effect.
2 Use with caution in patients with liver and renal insufficiency.
Patients who are allergic to penicillin should use it with caution.
Powder for intramuscular injection contains lidocaine and cannot be injected intravenously.
prepare
Powder injection: 0.2g 0.5g. 。
cefradine
Cefradine (cefradine)
Alias: Cephalosporin VI, Cephalosporin VI, Cephalosporin, Cephalosporin, Cyclohexene, Cephalosporin.
Function and use
This product is the first generation semi-synthetic cephalosporin, and its antibacterial effect is similar to that of cefalexin. This product is acid-resistant, can be taken orally, has good absorption and high blood concentration. It is characterized by its resistance to β -lactamase and its rapid and reliable bactericidal effect on drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria resistant to broad-spectrum antibiotics. In principle, it is mainly excreted through urine, and the concentration in urine is high. Clinically, it is mainly used for infections of respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin and soft tissue, such as bronchitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, cystitis, otorhinolaryngology infection, enteritis and dysentery.
Dosage and usage
Oral, adult, 0.25g ~ 0.5g/ time, 3 ~ 4 times/day, taken on an empty stomach. Children, 50 mg ~ 100 mg/kg daily, administered 3 ~ 4 times. Adult intramuscular injection or intravenous injection, 0.25g ~ 0.5g/ time, 3 ~ 4 times/day. For severe infections, it can be increased to 4g per day.
Side effects and preventive measures
The adverse reactions of 1 occasionally have gastrointestinal dysfunction, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash and urticaria. Long-term application will cause flora imbalance, double infection and vitamin deficiency.
2 partial cross-allergy to penicillin, people who are allergic to penicillin or allergic constitution should use it with caution.
Food can delay the absorption of this product without affecting the total absorption, but it should be taken on an empty stomach.
Cefoacetonitrile
Ceftriaxone
Another name
Cefocyanogen A, Cefosetron, Cefotaxime
This product is the first generation semi-synthetic cephalosporin, and its antibacterial spectrum is similar to that of cefotaxime and cefotaxime, but its antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli is 5 ~ 10 times stronger than that of cefotaxime. It is particularly stable for β -lactamases produced by Escherichia coli and aerogenes. It is excreted mainly through the kidneys. Clinically, it is mainly used for pyelonephritis, urinary tract infection and respiratory tract infection caused by sensitive bacteria. The adverse reaction was urticaria, gastrointestinal reaction occurred in a few cases, and thrombophlebitis occurred in intravenous injection. The pain of intramuscular injection is more severe. Dosage: intravenous injection, adult, mild 2g ~ 6g/ day, severe 6g ~ 12g/ day, divided into 2 ~ 4 times. Dissolve 65438 0 g of this product in 65438±00ml physiological saline, and slowly inject it intravenously (at least 3 minutes). Children take 40 mg ~ 80 mg/kg daily, divided into 2 ~ 4 times, and the usage is the same as that of adults.
Cefpyrine
Cefpyrine
Another name
Cefapiride, Cefotaxime, Cefapiride, Cefapiride Sodium.
This product is the first generation of semi-synthetic cephalosporins, and its antibacterial spectrum is similar to that of cefotaxime and cefotaxime, and it is effective against a variety of gram-positive bacteria and some gram-negative bacteria. It is effective for pneumococcus and enterococcus. It is mainly used for infections of respiratory system, urinary tract and soft tissue, and its side effects are as follows: ① A few patients have elevated transaminase; ② Occasional side effects such as leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and bone marrow suppression.
Attention: ① There is possibility of allergic reaction; (2) Use with caution those who are allergic to penicillin; ③ It can't be combined with 20% mannitol solution, polymyxin and aminoglycosides, resulting in turbidity.
Dosage: intramuscular injection or intravenous injection, 2g ~ 6g/ day for adults, divided into 3 ~ 4 times; Children are given 50 mg ~ 80 mg/kg in batches every day.
Cefathiamidine
Cefathiamidine
Another name
Cephalosporin 18, cephalosporin 18
This product is the first generation cephalosporin, which is first used in clinic in China. The antibacterial spectrum is similar to that of cefotaxime. It has a strong effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridis and Pneumococcus, and has a unique antibacterial activity on Enterococcus. Mainly used for respiratory tract infection, biliary tract infection, urinary tract infection, gynecological infection, septicemia, pneumonia, meningitis and other infections caused by staphylococcus aureus, pneumococcus and streptococcus. Intramuscular injection or intravenous drip, 2g ~ 8g/ day for adults; Children take 50 mg ~ 200 mg/kg daily, divided into 2 ~ 4 times.
Cefoadroxil
Cefoadroxil
This product is a semi-synthetic first-generation oral cephalosporin, and its antibacterial activity is similar to cefazolin. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, effective against staphylococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, and also effective against penicillin-resistant staphylococcus. Oral absorption is good. Mainly used for urinary tract, biliary tract, respiratory tract and other infections. Oral, adult 1g ~ 2g/ day, taken twice. I can cause allergies. Those who are allergic to other cephalosporins should not use it, and those with renal insufficiency should reduce it. A few patients have adverse reactions such as rash, nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhea, and occasionally transaminase increases. Children take 30 mg ~ 50 mg/kg daily, twice.
cefaclor
Alias: cefaclor, Xikefang, cefaclor monohydrate.
Function and use
This product is a semi-synthetic first-generation cephalosporin, and its antibacterial spectrum is similar to that of cefazolin. It has good antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus, Pneumococcus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes and Proteus mirabilis.
Clinically, it is mainly used for respiratory tract infection, skin and soft tissue infection and urinary tract infection caused by sensitive bacteria.
Administration and dosage: Oral: Take it on an empty stomach, depending on the degree of infection, generally 0.25~0.5g once, three times a day.
Side effects: ① Long-term application can cause flora imbalance; There is slight damage to the kidney.
Caution: ① Use with caution for those who are allergic to penicillin; ② Pregnant women are prohibited.
Second generation cephalosporins:
Cefuroxime sodium
Cefuroxime sodium
Alias: Celine, Cefuroxime, Cefuroxime, Cefuroxime, Cefuroxime Sodium, Sulbebo, Cefoxybenzyl tetrazolium formate, Benzyl tetrazolium formate.
Function and use
This product is a semi-synthetic second-generation cephalosporin. It has high antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Meningococcus, Influenza Bacillus, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella and Shigella. This product can resist β -lactamase and is effective against penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clinically, it is mainly used for respiratory tract infections, pyelonephritis, urinary tract infections and infections of bones, joints, otolaryngology and soft tissues caused by sensitive bacteria. This product has sufficient cerebrospinal fluid when meningitis occurs, and has obvious curative effect on meningitis caused by meningococcus. The activity against gram-positive bacteria (including penicillin-resistant golden grapes) is similar to that of the first generation cephalosporins; The effect on gram-negative bacteria is stronger than that of the first generation cephalosporins.
Dosage and usage
Intramuscular injection, intravenous injection or intravenous drip, 0.25g ~ 0.75g/ time for adults, 3 ~ 4 times/day; Children, 30 mg ~ 60 mg/kg daily, 3 ~ 4 times. During intramuscular injection, 0.5g~0.75g is added with 3ml of water for injection, and the suspension is made by shaking. Thick needle for deep intramuscular injection. For intravenous administration, the amount of water for injection should be more than doubled to make it fully dissolved and the solution clear, and it should be injected slowly or intravenously.
side effect
1 Sometimes there is a cross-allergic reaction to penicillin, so people who are allergic to penicillin should use it with caution.
This product is less toxic, generally harmless to liver and kidney, but it should be reduced in cases of renal insufficiency.
Generally, there are gastrointestinal reactions and skin allergies, and there may be local pain when intramuscular injection.
4 Long-term use will lead to flora imbalance.
5 it is forbidden for those who are allergic to cephalosporins.
Sevmendo
Cefmendo
Alias: formyl benzyl tetrazole ceftazidime sodium, cefuroxime, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, mandolin for injection, ceftazidime.
Function and use
This product is a semi-synthetic second-generation cephalosporin, and its antibacterial spectrum is similar to that of cefotaxime, but it is not as good as cefotaxime for gram-positive cocci. The main feature of this product is its strong effect on gram-negative bacteria, which is better than cefazolin. It has a strong effect on anaerobic Clostridium, meningococcus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Escherichia coli, pneumonia, influenza and indole-positive Proteus, especially on Haemophilus. Clinically, it is mainly used for various infections caused by sensitive bacteria, such as respiratory tract infection, biliary tract infection, pyelonephritis, urinary tract infection, peritonitis, septicemia and infections of skin, soft tissue, bones and joints. Because of the high concentration of urine medicine, it has a high effective rate for urinary tract infection.
Dosage and usage
Adults, 0.5g ~ 1.0g/ time, 3 ~ 4 times/day; Children, 50 mg ~ 100 mg/kg daily, given in batches. It can be used for intravenous injection or deep intramuscular injection, and can be diluted with normal saline, glucose injection or 0. 1.67 mol/L sodium lactate injection for intravenous drip. If intravenous injection is needed, this product should be dissolved in 10ml physiological saline and injected intravenously within 3 ~ 5 minutes. This product 1g can be dissolved in water for injection or physiological saline for deep intramuscular injection.
side effect
1 Drinking alcohol during medication may cause nausea, vomiting, headache, flushing, low blood pressure and dyspnea, so drinking alcohol should be avoided.
I can cause allergic reactions, such as urticaria and drug fever. It is forbidden for those who are allergic to cephalosporins. Use with caution those who are allergic or allergic to penicillin.
3 Renal insufficiency should be reduced.
4 Pregnant women and infants under 3 months should use it with caution.
5 intramuscular injection can cause local pain and occasionally thrombophlebitis.
Cefoxitin
Cefoxitin
Alias: Methoxycefotaxime, Thiophene Methoxy Cefotaxime, Mefu Xian, Xianfeng Meifen, Cefotaxime, Cefotaxime Cycloserine, Cefotaxime, Cefotaxime, CFX. ?
Function and use
This product is a semi-synthetic second-generation cephalosporin, characterized by strong antibacterial effect on gram-negative bacteria and high anti-β -lactamase performance. The antibacterial spectrum includes Escherichia coli, pneumonia, indole-positive Proteus, Serratia, Klebsiella, influenza, Salmonella and Shigella. It also has a good effect on staphylococcus and various streptococci. Clinically, it is mainly used for respiratory tract infection, endocarditis, peritonitis, pyelonephritis, urinary tract infection, septicemia and infections of bones, joints, skin and soft tissues caused by sensitive bacteria.
Dosage and usage
Adult 1g ~ 2g/ time, 3 ~ 4 times/day, and the daily dose of severe 1 2g; Children (over 2 years old) take 80 mg ~ 160 mg/kg daily, divided into 3 ~ 4 times. 0.5% lidocaine injection can be used as a solvent for intramuscular injection. Intravenous injection can use 10ml water for injection or normal saline to dissolve 1g this product, and push it slowly. If intravenous drip is needed, it can be explained by physiological saline, glucose injection or 0. 1.67 mol/L sodium lactate injection.
side effect
The incidence of 1 allergic skin rash is about 2%, and sometimes there are gastrointestinal reaction, leukopenia, azotemia and transaminase increase.
2 mainly excreted by the kidneys, which may occasionally cause renal function damage, and those with renal insufficiency should be reduced.
3 Sometimes it is cross-allergic to penicillin, so those who are allergic to penicillin should use it with caution. Those who are allergic to cephalosporins should be banned.
Cefmetazole
Cefmetazole (cefmetazole)
Alias: cefmetazole, cefmetazole, cefmetazole, cefmetazole, cefmetazole, CMZ.
Function and use
This product is a semi-synthetic antibiotic of cephalosporin, and its effect on gram-positive bacteria is similar to that of the first generation cephalosporin. It is characterized by strong tolerance to a variety of β lactamases, broad antibacterial spectrum and strong antibacterial activity. The activity of producing enzyme but not producing enzyme on common gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, pneumonia, Enterobacter, Proteus and influenza, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Moraxella catarrhalis is stronger than that of the first generation. It has stronger effect on penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus than cefazolin, cefotiam and cefoxitin. This product can enter inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid sufficiently to treat suppurative meningitis. Clinically, it is mainly used for respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, septicemia, biliary tract and abdominal cavity infection and gynecological infection.
Dosage and usage
Intramuscular injection or intravenous injection, adult, 1g ~ 2g/ day, twice. Children, 25 mg ~ 100 mg/kg daily, 2 ~ 4 times. In severe infection, it can be increased to 4g/ day for adults; Children can increase to 150mg/kg per day, which can be explained and released by normal saline or 5% glucose solution.
side effect
1 Less adverse reactions, occasional allergic reactions, such as rash, urticaria, drug fever, etc.
Use with caution for allergic people.
There are gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
4 It is mainly excreted by the kidney, and should be used with caution for those with impaired renal function. This product can not be combined with diuretics, so as not to aggravate renal damage.
Ceftian (Ceftian)
Alias: cefotaxime, pansbolin, pansbolin, cefotaxime cephalosporin, cefotaxime tetrazole, CTM.
Function and use
This product is a semi-synthetic second-generation cephalosporin, which has similar effects on gram-positive bacteria and cefazolin, but has stronger effects on gram-negative bacteria.
Clinically, it is mainly used for respiratory tract infection, biliary tract infection, urinary tract infection, operation and trauma infection caused by sensitive bacteria, and can also be used for peritonitis and septicemia.
Usage and dosage: intramuscular injection: depending on the degree of infection, the general dosage is 0.5 ~ 1g once, 2 ~ 4 times a day. Dissolved with 0.25% lidocaine injection and injected into deep muscle. Intravenous injection: dissolve in 20 ml of 5% glucose solution, and then inject slowly; Intravenous drip: dissolve one dose in 5% glucose injection and drip slowly.
side effect
① occasional allergic reaction; ② Long-term application can cause flora imbalance; ③ There are symptoms of local irritation.
Attention: ① Allergy test should be done before use, and skin test can be done when the concentration is 300μg/ml; ② The changes of hemogram should be checked during medication; ③ Use with caution in patients with hepatic and renal insufficiency; ④ It has antagonistic effect when combined with strong diuretics such as furosemide.
Preparation specification: powder injection: 0.5g/ bottle, 1g/ bottle.
Cefuroxime axetil tablets
cefuroxime axetil tablets
Alias: cefuroxime axetil, neomycin
Function and use
This product is ethyl acetate of cefuroxime. After hydrolysis in vivo, cefuroxime is released to exert its antibacterial activity. It has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, negative bacteria and anaerobic bacteria. Clinically, it is mainly used for respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, skin and soft tissue infection, tonsillitis, pharyngolaryngitis, otitis media, sinusitis, furuncle, pyoderma, gonococcal infection such as acute gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis.
Dosage and usage
Adults, 250 mg ~ 500 mg twice a day, children, 125 mg ~ 250 mg twice a day. Because tablets are not suitable for crushing, they are not suitable for children under 5 years old.
side effect
Mainly nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and so on. Rare allergic reactions should be used with caution for those who are allergic to penicillin, and prohibited for those who are allergic to cephalosporins. Pregnant women and lactating women should use it with caution, and children under 5 years old should not use it.
Chlorampicillin
cefaclor
Alias: cefaclor.
Function and use
This product is a semi-synthetic second-generation cephalosporin, and its antibacterial spectrum and activity are similar to those of cefazolin. It has good antibacterial activity against pneumococcus, pyogenic streptococcus, staphylococcus, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli and pneumobacillus, Haemophilus influenzae, diplococcus gonorrhoeae and anaerobic bacteria. The activity against enzyme-producing Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus hemolyticus A, Streptococcus viridis and Staphylococcus epidermidis was similar to that of cefadroxil. It also has strong activity against Proteus mirabilis. Clinically, it is mainly used for respiratory tract infections, such as tracheitis, pneumonia, pharyngitis and tonsillitis; Urinary tract infections such as pyelonephritis, cystitis and gonococcal urethritis; Skin and soft tissue infections.
Dosage and usage
Adults, oral, 250mg/ time, 1 time /8 hours; In severe cases, it can be doubled. Children are given 20mg/kg daily, divided into 3 times; Severe patients should take 40mg/kg in batches every day, but the daily dose of 1 should not exceed 1g, and should be taken before meals.
side effect
Penicillin allergy and allergic constitution should be used with caution 1.
There are allergies, rashes, urticaria and gastrointestinal reactions, and occasionally alanine aminotransferase increases.
The third generation cephalosporins:
Cefotaxime sodium for injection
Cefotaxime sodium (clavulon)
Alias: cefotaxime, cefotaxime, cefotaxime, cefotaxime, cefotaxime, cefotaxime, cefotaxime, CTX.
Function and use
This product is the third-generation semi-synthetic cephalosporin, which has a wider antibacterial spectrum than cefuroxime and has a stronger effect on gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial spectrum includes Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Proteus mirabilis, Neisseria, Staphylococcus, Pneumococcus, Streptococcus and so on. Clinically, it is mainly used for infection of various sensitive bacteria, such as respiratory tract, facial features, abdominal cavity, biliary tract, meningitis, gonorrhea, urinary system infection, septicemia and so on.
Dosage and usage
Intramuscular injection or intravenous injection, adult, moderate infection, 1g/ time, 1 time/12 hours; Severe infection 8g ~ 12g/ day, divided into 3 ~ 4 times; The daily dose of children is 100 mg ~ 150 mg/kg, divided into 2 ~ 4 times; 50mg/kg daily for newborns, 2 ~ 4 times. This product can also be used for intravenous drip. Dissolve with normal saline or glucose injection 1g ~ 2g dilution, and complete the drip within 20 ~ 60min.
side effect
1 Sometimes there is cross allergic reaction to penicillin, so people who are allergic to penicillin and pregnant women (especially those within 3 months) should use it with caution.
For patients with severe renal function damage, the dosage should be reduced accordingly, and it should not be used with strong diuretics.
Sometimes patients will have symptoms such as rash, dizziness, tinnitus, fever, diarrhea, vomiting and general malaise.
There is pain at the intramuscular injection site.
5 individual patients have eosinophilia and leukopenia. SGOT and SGPT have increased.
Cefoperazone sodium
Cefoperazone sodium (Cefobid, Cefobai)
Alias: cefoperazone, cefoperazone, cefoperazone, cefoperazone sodium, cefoperazone, piperazine oxide, cefotaxime sodium, cefoperazone, cefoperazone, cefoperazone.
Function and use
This product is a third-generation broad-spectrum semi-synthetic cephalosporin, which can resist the degradation of various β -lactamases and has a wide antibacterial spectrum, and has effects on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus (including strains that produce or do not produce penicillinase), Streptococcus pneumoniae, most β -hemolytic streptococcus strains, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Haemophilus influenzae, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella and Shigella. Clinically, it is mainly used for various infections caused by sensitive bacteria, such as respiratory tract infection, peritonitis, cholecystitis, pyelonephritis, urinary tract infection, meningitis, septicemia, bone and joint infection, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometritis, gonorrhea, skin and soft tissue infection, etc.
Dosage and usage
Adult 1g ~ 2g, every 1 2h 1 time, the severe infection can be increased to 1 time 4g, every12h1time. Children take 50mg ~ 200mg/kg daily, twice.
Intravenous injection or intravenous drip can be dissolved and diluted with normal saline or 5% glucose injection before infusion;
side effect
1 The main symptoms caused by allergic reaction are maculopapule, urticaria and drug fever. People who have a history of drug allergy are prone to it, especially those who are allergic to penicillin. Use with caution for pregnant women and babies.
Gastrointestinal reactions are generally mild, such as defecation and diarrhea.
Occasionally, serum alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase temporarily increased.
4 it is forbidden for those who are allergic to cephalosporins.
5 avoid drinking alcohol during taking medicine.
ceftazidime
Ceftazidime pentahydrate (Fortum)
Alias: cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cephalosporin, Kaifuding, Fudaxin, CAZ.
Function and use
This product is the third generation cephalosporin antibiotics with strong antibacterial activity and broad antibacterial spectrum, and has strong effects on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It has high stability to β -lactamases produced by Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, and strong antibacterial activity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterococcus, Salmonella, Shigella, Neisseria meningitidis, Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococcus, pneumococcus and aerogenes.
Can be used for treating simple infection or mixed infection caused by more than two sensitive bacteria. Clinically, it is mainly used for sepsis, bacteremia, bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, peritonitis, pyelonephritis, urinary tract infection, prostatitis, cystitis, otolaryngology infection, skin and soft tissue infection, bone and joint infection, pelvic inflammatory disease and burn.
Dosage and usage
Adult intramuscular injection, 0.5g ~ 1g/ time, 1 time /8 ~ 12 hours, severe infection can be increased to 6g/ day; Children, 30 mg ~ 100 mg/kg daily, divided into 2 ~ 3 times, severe infection can be increased to 150mg/kg daily. Within 2 months, the newborn was given 25 mg ~ 60 mg/kg daily, twice.
side effect
1 allergic reactions, mainly erythema and urticaria, itching, drug fever, and occasionally vascular edema, asthma and hypotension. ?
2. Gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
Serum alanine aminotransferase can be slightly increased.
Local intramuscular injection can cause pain, and intravenous injection can cause phlebitis or thrombophlebitis.
There are few nervous system reactions such as headache, dizziness and abnormal sensation.
6. Patients who are allergic to cephalosporins are prohibited.
Ceftriaxone sodium
Ceftriaxone sodium
In addition: cefotaxime, cefotaxime, carbendazim, cefotaxime, cefotaxime, cefotaxime.
Function and use
This product is a semi-synthetic third-generation cephalosporin, which has strong antibacterial activity against most gram-positive bacteria and negative bacteria. The antibacterial spectrum includes Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus, diplococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. This product is stable to β lactamase.
Clinically, it is mainly used for meningitis, pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infection, peritonitis, urinary system infection, gonorrhea, hepatobiliary infection, surgical trauma, septicemia, genital infection and so on. At present, it has been used as a first-line drug to treat gonorrhea.
Dosage and usage
Intramuscular injection: adult 1g/ time, 1g/ day, 1g dissolved in 3.5ml lidocaine injection (1%) for deep intramuscular injection (this product is dissolved in 1% lidocaine injection and intravenous injection is prohibited). Intravenous injection: adult 1g/ time, 1 time/day, dissolved in 10ml water for injection, and the intravenous injection is slow for 2 ~ 4 minutes. Intravenous drip, 2g/ day for adults, dissolved in 40ml normal saline, 5% or 10% glucose injection or dextran injection for about 10 ~ 15 minutes. The dosage for children is generally 20 mg ~ 80 mg/kg every 24 hours, taken twice.
Treatment of gonorrhea: adult 1 time single dose intramuscular injection of 250mg is enough. In addition, oral doxycycline 0. 1g/ time, twice a day, * * * for 5 ~ 7 days.
side effect
1 generally nausea and diarrhea. Allergic reactions include rash and itching.
2. Injection site reactions, such as phlebitis and pain.
Occasionally, gallstones may occur in teenagers and children.
4 those with a history of drug allergy should use it with caution.
Cefazoxime sodium
Cefazoxime sodium
Alias: Cefotaxime, Yibaoshiling, Cefotaxime, Cefotaxime, Ampicillin, Cefotaxime, Baoan Suling, CTZ, CZX, CFX.
Function and use
This product is a semi-synthetic third-generation cephalosporin with broad antibacterial spectrum, similar to cefotaxime. The antibacterial spectrum includes streptococcus, pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus and Enterobacteriaceae. It is mainly used for secondary infections such as septicemia, respiratory tract infection, urogenital system infection, pleurisy, peritonitis, cholecystitis, intrauterine infection, adnexitis, meningitis, trauma and burn caused by sensitive bacteria. Because this product is excreted by the kidney, it is especially effective for pyelonephritis and urinary tract infection.
Dosage and usage
Intravenous injection, the adult dose is 2g ~ 4g/ day, divided into 2 ~ 4 injections; The dose for children is 40 mg ~ 80 mg/kg per day, with 2 ~ 3 injections. Intravenous injection can be dissolved with water for injection, normal saline or isotonic glucose injection 10 ml ~ 40 ml, and injected slowly; You can also add 10% glucose injection or amino acid infusion for intravenous drip. Generally, it can be dissolved in 100ml infusion, and it will be dripped in about 30 minutes.
side effect
1 The main symptoms caused by allergic reaction are rash, urticaria, itching, erythema and drug fever. Those with a history of drug allergy should use it with caution. You can have a skin test if necessary.
Gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
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