Franco-Polish Military Cooperation Agreement1May 1939 19, that is, a few months before the outbreak of World War II, French Chief of Staff Gamelin and Polish Army Minister Klass Puchinski signed the Franco-Polish Military Cooperation Agreement, which clearly stipulated that once Poland was invaded by Germany, the French air force should immediately take off and bomb targets in Germany, and the French army launched a limited attack on Germany within three days of the general mobilization order. However, France didn't want to get involved in the war from the beginning. The purpose of signing this agreement is to appease Poland and deter Germany, which has no substantive significance. After the German attack on Poland, although the French army assembled 40 divisions on the Franco-German border, which had an overwhelming advantage over the Germans on the western front, most of them hid in maginot line and did nothing. France even asked the British Air Force not to bomb targets in Germany to avoid retaliation from the German Air Force. Although the French Second Army Group once crossed the Franco-German border and launched a tentative attack on siegfried line, Germany, it immediately retreated as soon as it heard that the Polish defeat had been decided and Germany was transferring troops to the western front, thus missing the opportunity to defeat Hitler at one fell swoop. Ironically, just a few months after the fall of Poland, the treacherous French also tasted the taste of national subjugation. Keitel, chief of staff of the German high command, later recalled: "We were always worried that the French army would attack during the Polish campaign, but the result was surprising because nothing happened. If the French attack, they will face German military barriers made of paper, not real fortifications. After the outbreak of World War II, Switzerland, a permanent neutral country in Europe, remained neutral. However, with Germany's massive invasion of neutral countries such as Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands on May 1940, Switzerland had a premonition that war might break out at any time, so it urgently mobilized the whole country, and even teenagers and old people organized to attack German paratroopers and the fifth column. After the defeat and surrender of France, Switzerland was completely surrounded by Axis forces, and the situation was even more precarious. General Gissan, commander-in-chief of the Swiss Armed Forces, made an inspiring speech, calling on the people of the whole country to unite and resist foreign invaders to the death. Hitler hated Switzerland very much. He regarded Switzerland as "a branch of our Germanic nation" and called Switzerland "a pimple on the surface of Europe". As a country, it is completely unnecessary to exist. After occupying France, he ordered a plan to invade Switzerland, and Loeb, commander-in-chief of C Army Group, was in charge. Loeb personally surveyed the border terrain and studied the attack route with the least resistance. In September this year, a battle plan codenamed "Christmas Tree" was put in front of Hitler. According to this plan, Germany first sent infantry to pretend to attack the northern Swiss defense line to attract the main force of the Swiss army, and then dispatched armored forces to outflank the Swiss army and annihilate it in one fell swoop. Generally speaking, the "Christmas tree project" is a replica of the "sickle" action that defeated the British and French Coalition forces. Strangely, however, Hitler did not put it into practice in the end, and the reason is still a mystery. Perhaps the toughness of the Swiss army made him flinch, or perhaps the plan to invade Britain made him too busy to take care of little Switzerland. In short, Hitler never played the idea of Switzerland after that. Switzerland was spared from the shackles of the Nazis. " Sea lion plan/KOOC-0/July, 940/KOOC-0/6, because Churchill repeatedly rejected Hitler's "proposal for peace talks", Hitler ordered the "sea lion" plan to land in Britain and made all kinds of preparations. After repeated research by the Army General Command and the Navy General Command, the final battle plan was finally determined at the end of August: Lundstedt's A Army Group was the main force, with its 16 Army Group as the right wing and the 9 th Army Group as the left wing, and landed on the southeast coast of Britain between Foxton and Brighton to establish a beachhead position; A week after landing, we pushed north to Portsmouth and the mouth of the Thames, and then attacked London from the west. In addition, Bok's Army Group B and Army Group 6, as reserves, are ready to reinforce at any time. Due to many difficulties such as ships, logistics and weather, Hitler pushed back the landing date. However, it was the defeat of the German Air Force in the British campaign that really decided the fate of the "Sea Lion" project. Unable to destroy the British Air Force and seize the air superiority over Britain, the British Air Force sank several ships for landing. /kloc-In September of 0/7, Hitler decided to postpone the "Sea Lion" project indefinitely, but in order to maintain military pressure on Britain, he kept it secret from the outside world. The following spring, the weather gradually improved, and Hitler began to assemble a large number of ships along the English Channel. At the same time, he ordered the air force to bomb British cities frequently, and the army repeatedly practiced amphibious landing operations. In fact, this is a scam to cover up his "Barbarossa" plan to invade the Soviet Union. He doesn't really want to implement the "Sea Lion" plan. As Germany's strategic center of gravity moved eastward and fell into the eastern front, the "Sea Lion" plan could only be aborted. Before the outbreak of the Soviet-German war, Stalin assembled an amazing number of troops on the western border, which triggered a post-war debate about whether this deployment was defensive or offensive. However, due to the lack of convincing evidence, it is always difficult for academic circles to draw conclusions. It was not until the disintegration of the Soviet Union that the Russian historian sokolov revealed an amazing fact in his secret archives of World War II: before Germany invaded the Soviet Union, the Soviet General Staff had formulated a preemptive plan codenamed "Thunderstorm", trying to quickly defeat Germany and dominate Europe by virtue of its sudden attack and superiority in the number of planes and tanks. And the main person in charge of this plan is the later famous Marshal zhukov. According to the final battle plan adopted on May 194 1, the main attack direction of the Soviet army is southwest. The southwest army attacked Krakow and Katowice, cut off Germany's ties with its Balkan allies, and then marched to the Baltic coast to surround the German troops stationed in Poland. The Western Front attacked Scheedel and Demblin, containing the Germans near Warsaw and supporting the Southwest Army to panic in the German main force. In addition to Finland, East Prussia, Hungary, Romania, mobile defense, ready to March into Romania when the situation is favorable. The thunderstorm plan was originally scheduled to be implemented on June 12, but due to the backward railway transportation in the western part of the Soviet Union, all the participating troops could not be assembled as scheduled, and it was postponed to July. Unexpectedly, it was this delay that made Hitler first implement the "Barbarossa" plan. With the collapse of the Soviet army under the blitzkrieg, the "Thunderstorm" plan is no longer useful. Shortly after the outbreak of the Soviet-German war, Japan held a command meeting and decided not to intervene for the time being, but to secretly strengthen its combat readiness, so that when the situation developed in favor of Germany, it could go to war against the Soviet Union and lift the threat from the north. 1941July1kloc-0/day, the Japanese army headquarters ordered the kwantung army stationed in the northeast of China to hold a particularly large-scale exercise, demanding that the troops, equipment and logistical support of each unit be strengthened according to wartime preparations; According to the operational plan against the Soviet Union, all the troops have carried out training, exercises and strategic development. In addition, the Japanese base camp has also worked out a timetable for the war: whether to start the war on June 5438+00, August 29, and end the war in mid-June 10. Japan carried out unprecedented wartime mobilization for this purpose. According to the "special" exercise of the Kwantung Army, more than 20 divisions of the Kwantung Army were organized into three fronts: east, west and north, with the main attack direction in the east. The Eastern Army first captured the peripheral area of Vladivostok, then captured Vladivostok with the cooperation of the naval fleet, and finally captured Boli and its west area in the north; The northern army crossed Heilongjiang, occupied Hailanpo, and then marched westward along the railway, occupying the area along the Galinda-Skovorodino railway; The troops on the western front carried out defensive operations in Hailar area. In addition, the Japanese army also plans to carry out amphibious landing operations in northern sakhalin island and kamchatka peninsula. Just as the Kwantung Army was sharpening its knife and preparing to stab the Soviet Union in the back, on August 9, the Japanese base camp suddenly adopted the policy of "No matter how the German-Soviet war evolved, giving up Showa 16' s attempt to solve the northern problem and concentrating on the south". It turned out that Japan decided to implement the southward strategy at the end of July, and launched wars against the United States, Britain, the Netherlands and other countries by freezing Japanese assets and imposing embargoes. The plan to invade the Soviet Union was completely ruined. At the beginning of the Pacific War, the Japanese army won successively, which not only dealt a heavy blow to the American Pacific fleet, but also swept the whole Southeast Asia. The Japanese base camp, which was carried away by a temporary victory, believed that after the occupation of Southeast Asia, all the land channels for the United States and Britain to aid China were cut off, and the strategic materials airlifted by hump route were extremely limited. We should take this opportunity to attack the southwest rear of China and force Chongqing citizens to surrender, so as to realize their ambition of annexing China. It is against this background that the "Five-Year Plan of Action" was issued. According to this plan, Japan is ready to mobilize 230,000 recruits to join the army, and attack the rear area of China from the spring of 1943. Therefore, the Fifth Army, with Ban Yuan Kiyojiro as its commander, was set up, with three armies under its jurisdiction. The operation was carried out in two stages-the first stage: the main force of the five armies marched westward along the Weihe River to capture Xi 'an and Baoji, and one army crossed the Yellow River to capture Yan 'an and its nearby oil fields; Subsequently, the 7th Army stayed in Guanzhong Plain, and the 1 Army, 28th Army and 1 1 Army in Central China captured Guangyuan, Daxian and Wanxian in the periphery of Sichuan respectively. The second stage: Banyuanzheng Shiro unified command of the three armed forces to go deep into the hinterland of Sichuan, annihilate the effective forces of the * * * army and occupy important areas such as Chengdu and Chongqing. 1942 On September 3rd, Japanese Prime Minister and Minister of the Army tojo hideki presented the "Battle No.5" plan to the Emperor, and it was approved immediately. However, just as the Japanese army was plotting to attack China's rear area, the situation in the Pacific battlefield suddenly changed. First, the Japanese navy was defeated in the battle of midway, and then the Japanese army suffered heavy losses in the battle of Guadao, forcing the Japanese base camp to deploy reinforcements from the battlefield in China, thus making it impossible to carry out the "fifth operation". 65438+February 10, with the approval of the emperor, the Japanese base camp ordered the suspension of the "five major" actions. After Germany's defeat and surrender, its eastern ally Japan is still fighting back. In order to force Japan to surrender and end the Second World War at an early date,1On May 25th, 945, the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the United States made a plan to directly attack Japan, code-named "Rainstorm", and MacArthur was in charge of the whole operation. The "rainstorm" plan is divided into two stages: the first stage, code-named "Olympic Games", is planned to be implemented in June 5438+065438+ 10/. Taking Okinawa as a springboard, the Sixth Army of the United States landed on Kyushu Island in southern Japan in three ways, seized important ports and airports, and prepared to attack Honshu Island. The US Fifth Fleet is responsible for commanding and supporting troops to land; The second phase, code-named "Crown", is planned to be implemented in March of the following year 1. The 8th Army and 10 Army of the United States landed in Sagami Bay and 99 Libin near Tokyo respectively, and the 1 Army transferred from Europe landed as a reserve, first destroying the enemy face to face, and then capturing Tokyo and the whole Kanto Plain. The 3rd Fleet of the US Army is responsible for commanding and supporting the landing of troops, and the war is expected to end in June 165438+ 10. In addition, the United States also hopes that the Soviet Union will declare war on Japan and contain the Japanese Kwantung Army on the battlefield in China, so that it cannot reinforce the mainland. At the end of June, US President Truman approved the implementation of the first phase of the "rainstorm" plan. However, the battle of Okinawa, which ended in a tragic victory on July 2, made Americans realize that once the landing operation was carried out in Japan, it would cost 654.38+100,000 casualties. In order to reduce casualties and shock the potential enemy, the Soviet Union, the United States finally abandoned the "rainstorm" plan and attacked Japan with a newly developed atomic bomb. After the plan of "Total Armageddon" entered 1945, the war gradually spread to Japan. Although the domestic war resources are on the verge of exhaustion and unable to fight again, the arrogant Japanese officers are still determined to fight to the death. According to the book "Japan Surrender" published after the war, the Japanese war faction also secretly formulated a shocking "total decisive battle plan", which was divided into three stages: the first stage: the Japanese army retreated from South China and Central China and destroyed the essence of Jiangnan. The specific steps are as follows: 1. If the allied forces land in Guangzhou, the Japanese army will first destroy Guangzhou and then retreat to Hengyang along the Guangdong-Han railway; 2. Give up Jiangsu and Zhejiang, destroy all buildings in the Beijing-Shanghai-Hangzhou Delta, and plan to hold large-scale battles in Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou, so as to defend Xuzhou after the elite areas in the south of the Yangtze River are destroyed; 3. Give up Central China, completely eliminate Wuhan and retreat to Zhengzhou. The second stage: the Japanese army defended Chinese mainland and the south of the Yellow River to win time; The third stage: the final decisive battle, that is, the whole stage of destroying Japan, Manchuria and Korea. The specific steps are: 1, fully defend Tokyo and use suicide tactics to resist the advance of the allied forces. The entire island building in Japan will be completely destroyed until Tokyo falls, and then unconditionally surrender to the allies; 2. After Tokyo announced its surrender, the three northeastern provinces and the 100 Japanese divisions in North Korea continued to fight until the whole army was wiped out, and no one soldier was allowed to survive or surrender; 3. After the three northeastern provinces and Korea are captured by the allied forces, the Japanese army will be completely wiped out, but Japan will not perish because of taking advantage of the contradictions within the allied forces, and it can still maintain the glorious tradition of decisive battle. In the next few decades or hundreds of years, Japan can still be independent of East Asia. The plan of "Total Armageddon" did not take into account two major factors: the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and the successful development of the American atomic bomb. However, as the Soviet Union sent troops to the northeast of China, and the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japanese morale suffered a heavy blow, which fundamentally shook the determination of the local decisive battle. 1August 945 15, the Japanese emperor announced his unconditional surrender by radio.