Nv Jiao written by Zuo Si in the Western Jin Dynasty may be the earliest tea poem written by China. "The heart is a tea play. Praise the tripod. " In Zuo Si, two charming girls are eager to taste fragrant teas and blow boiling water into the tripod with their mouths. About the same age as Zuo Si's poems, there are two poems about tea: one is Zhang Zai's "Climbing the Tower of Chengdu", which approves the tea in Beijing with the poem "Fang Cha Guan Liu Qing, overflowing nine districts"; One is Sun Chu's Song of Sun Chuge, which points out the origin of tea with the poem "Ginger, cinnamon and tea grow in Bashu and pepper, orange and magnolia grow in the mountains". After the Tang and Song Dynasties, tea poems suddenly increased. These tea poems and tea words not only reflect the poet's love for tea, but also reflect the position of tea in people's cultural life.
In the Tang Dynasty, with the development of tea production and trade, a large number of poems with tea as the theme appeared. For example, Li Bai's "Answering a nephew and a monk to give Yuquan cactus tea": "This stone will be born tomorrow, and Yuquan will not rest"; Du Fu's "Re-crossing the Third of Five Songs": "On the sunset stage, when drinking tea"; Bai Juyi's "Night Smell of Changzhou, Cuihuzhou Chashan Pavilion Banquet": "Smell of Chashan Night, bamboo and green songs are all around"; Lu Tong's "Raise a Pen, Xie Meng, Persuade and Send New Tea": "I only feel a breeze blowing under my arm", "Yuchuanzi wants to take this breeze to go home" and so on. Some praised the efficacy of tea, and some borrowed tea to express the poet's feelings, which was widely read by later generations. Poet Gao Yuan's Poems on Chashan: "It's really hard to pick Li Tuo's words to cultivate mulberry. When a husband is in the service, all the rooms are the same. On the wall at the door, wild hazelnuts are unkempt. In the end, there is no benefit to the DPRK, and there are scales on both hands and feet ... The election is day and night, and the horseshoe is faint in the morning, which shows the author's sympathy for the people of Guzhushan who suffer from tribute tea. Li Ying's Song of Tea Mountain Tribute and Baking describes the scene of officials paying tribute to tea, and also shows the poet's sympathy for CoCo Lee's suffering and inner anguish. In addition, there are Tutu's Tate Tea Mountain and Tate Temple, Miracle's Xie Hu Tea and Twelve Rhymes of Chanting Tea, Yuan Zhen's seven-sentence poem, and Yan Zhenqing's five-character moonlit tea couplets, all of which show the prosperity and prosperity of tea poetry in the Tang Dynasty.
In the nearly 100 years before the Jingkang Revolution in the Northern Song Dynasty, the Central Plains region experienced economic prosperity. At that time, tea fights and tea banquets prevailed, so tea poems and ci poems mostly focused on meeting friends, singing duets, touching the scene and expressing feelings. The most representative is Ouyang Xiu's poem "Shuangjing Tea":
Xijiang old stone, tea on the stone is like chicken feet
Poor wax is not cold, spring comes early, and Mr. Shuangjing Wool has a hundred herbs.
White hair follicle with red and blue gauze and ten Hu tea to raise one or two buds.
Chang 'an is rich and expensive, boasting for three days.
Su Shi's "Cao Fu Heyuan Tries to Bake New Tea" and his other poem "Drinking Chuqing in the Lake after Rain" constitute a wonderful couplet. Fan Zhongyan's Tea Fighting Song and Cai Xiang's Beiyuan Tea are praised by later scholars.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, due to the construction of the south of the Yangtze River, many contents appeared in tea poems and tea ci, among which the most representative ones were Lu You and Yang Wanli's tea poems. Lu You said in the poem Twelve Miscellaneous Poems in Late Autumn:
What's the point of buying wine? I am ashamed to talk about my career.
Chat with Hongsi from Hengpu and make Mengshan purple bamboo shoot tea by yourself.
It reflects that the author lived in poverty in his later years and had no money to buy wine, so he had to use tea instead of wine and grind tea himself. Yang Wanli's "Boiling Shuangjing Tea with Liu Yiquan" said that it is a dream to go home at sunset when the sun casts a stream.
When will you go back to Wang Teng Pavilion, watch the wind furnace and cook by yourself?
It expresses the poet's longing for his hometown, hoping that one day he can personally fry and drink Shuangjing tea in Tengwangge.
In the Yuan Dynasty, there were also many poems about tea. Famous ones are Chu Cai's Seven Poems of Begging for Tea from Western Regions, Hong's Tea Song, Xie Zongke's Tea Bag and Xie's Yangxian Tea. Most tea poems in Yuan Dynasty reflect the artistic conception and feelings of drinking tea.
There are more poems about tea in Ming Dynasty than in Yuan Dynasty. Famous ones include Huang Zongxi's Yuyao Waterfall Tea, Wen Zhiming's Fried Tea, Chen Jiru's Lost Topic, and Lu Rong's Send Tea Monk. In addition, it is particularly worth mentioning that there are many tea poems in the Ming Dynasty that reflect people's sufferings and satirize current politics. Such as Gao Qi's "Tea Picking Ci":
Thunder crosses the stream and the mountain warms Yun Lan, and a short flag is half inserted in the secluded bush.
Who picked the most songs in the basket for Yinchai's daughter?
When you come back, the fragrance is still in your hand, and the fine products are first guarded.
The bamboo stove hasn't been baked yet, so it's sold in cages with Hunan merchants.
Shanjia can't understand the cultivation of whole grains, and food and clothing are in the spring rain every year.
The poem describes that after the tea farmers handed over the tea leaves to the officials, all the rest were sold to the merchants, but they were unwilling to taste the new pain, which showed the poet's great sympathy and concern for people's lives. Another example is Han, who lived in Zhejiang in the Ming Dynasty, wrote Fuyang folk songs on the basis of processing and polishing folk songs, exposing the tyranny of tribute tea and fish in Fuyang, Zhejiang at that time. These two poets who sympathized with the sufferings of the people were later persecuted for writing poems. Gao Qi was beheaded in the city, and Han was dismissed from office and imprisoned, almost losing his life. But these poems remain in people's hearts.
There were many poets in Qing Dynasty, such as Zheng Xie, Jintian, Zhang Chen, Cao Tingdong and Zhang Rixi. They are also famous poems. It is particularly worth mentioning that Aisingiorro Hongli, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, visited Jiangnan six times and wrote poems for Longjing Tea in Hangzhou West Lake five times. Among them, the poem "Watching Tea Picking for Songs" is the most widely read by later generations:
Young before fire, old after fire, but riding fire is the best.
West Lake Longjing is famous for its time-honored brand. It's time to try it.
The villagers followed the peppers at the lower level, returning the baskets and paws.
Add a slow fire to the ground stove, and the dry kettle will turn gently.
It takes a lot of effort to stir-fry and bake slowly
I don't know Wang Su's Zhi Nu, but Lu Yu's Tea Classic is too fine.
Although I don't want to be a good person, I'm afraid I'll be clever.
The emperor wrote tea poems, which is rare in the history of tea culture in China.
Among thousands of tea poems and tea words in China, there are various poetry genres, including five ancient poems and seven ancient poems; There are five methods, seven methods and exclusive methods; There are five sentences, six sentences, seven sentences, and many rare genres in the sea of poetry, which can also be found in tea poems. 1. Fable poem
Writing poems in the form of fables is memorable and thought-provoking. This fable poem about tea, recorded in a note novel in Qing Dynasty, is about the "confrontation" between tea, wine and water. At the beginning of the poem, the tea said to the wine, "There are many merits in repelling the sandman, and it is even more commendable to help the war and sing." It's all because of wine that the country is ruined. How can guests just drink tea? " The wine gave a tit-for-tat answer: "Shake the table and the purple house will recommend manna, which is of great significance for settling the lawsuit and kissing." I was used at the sacrificial banquet first, but I once talked about yellow soup. " The yellow soup here actually refers to tea. After listening to the conversation between tea and wine, Shui interjected: "Making tea, that well, yes, the spring water is used to make wine and pour silver bottles." The two families and Zheng Mo are idle, and they can't reconcile without me! "
4. Baota poetry
Yuan Zhen, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was called "Bai Yuan" because he lived in an official position and made friends with Bai Juyi. Yuan Zhen has a poem named "One-character to Seven-character Poetry Tea", which is rare not only in tea poems, but also in other poems. The poem says:
Tea,
Fragrant leaves, buds,
Poets love monks.
Grinding and carving white jade, Luo Zhihong yarn.
Stir-fry the yellow core color and turn the bowl into dust.
Invite the bright moon after night, and light the morning glow before morning.
Wash away the tireless people of ancient and modern times, and you can't boast when you are drunk.
3. Palindrome
The words in the palindrome go back and forth, and they all become chapters with the same meaning. Su Shi, a writer and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. He wrote dozens of tea poems in his life, and writing tea poems in palindromes is also a must for Su. In the narration of this poem entitled "Remembering a Dream, Telling Two Poems", Su Shi wrote: "On December 15th, the snow began to clear up. The dreamer boiled a small group of tea with snow water and made the beauty sing a song to drink. The dream was a palindrome. I feel that I think of a cloud:' I sleep in a blue shirt with flowers', which means I spit flowers with flying swallows. It is a continuation, a cloud of two quatrains. " From the narration, we can know that Su Dongpo is really a tea fan, even dreaming about drinking tea. No wonder he calls himself a "tea lover", which has always been a story talked about by later generations. The poem says:
Xiuyan jade's bowl is full of fine silk, and he has leisure to sleep in a blue shirt.
The song swallows the water clouds and condenses the quiet courtyard, and the dream scares the snow and rocks.
Empty flowers fall into the urn, and the mountains melt snow every day, and the river rises.
Red baking shallow ou new fire, dragon ball small grinding bucket clear window.
The words in the poem, read backwards and backwards, have become chapters with the same meaning. Su Shi used palindrome poems to chant tea, which is rare among thousands of tea poems.
4. Couplet poems
Couplets are a way of writing poems in ancient times. Several people write a poem, but it needs to be coherent in meaning and connected into a chapter. Among the tea poems in the Tang Dynasty, there is a poem named "Five Words Moonlight Sipping Tea Couplet", which was written by six authors. They are: Yan Zhenqing, a famous painter and calligrapher, a native of Jingzhao Wannian (Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province), an official of the Ministry, whose real name is Lu Guogong, known as "Yan Lugong"; Lu, county commandant of Jiaxing (now Zhejiang); Zhang Jian, a native of Luze, Shenzhou (now Shenxian County, Hebei Province), was an official. Zhao people, Luzhou secretariat. Cuiwan, unknown origin; Day, that is, monk Ming. The poem says:
Pan Hua invited guests to sit down and drink for love (Shi Xiu).
After sobering up, it is advisable to have a banquet at night and leave a monk alone in the garden (recommended).
You don't have to climb the laurel tree, so you can't pretend to be a tree.
The autumn wind is strong, and the history is called Beidou Zun (Cui Wan).
Clean bones and muscles, dredge and purify the soul (true feelings).
If you are not drunk like spring mash, why not talk about youth (Japan).
Plain porcelain is laid on a quiet night, and the fragrance is full of leisure (Shi Xiu).
There are six people in this joint, plus the first sentence and the second sentence, a total of seven sentences. In order to be different, the author uses many synonyms related to tea tasting. For example, Lu used the metaphor of "drinking instead of wine" and replacing wine with tea; Zhang Jian's "Hua Yan" refers to a tea banquet; Yan Zhenqing used "Liu Hua" to refer to drinking tea. Because the poem is about drinking tea on a moonlit night, the word "laurel" is used It is also rare to use couplets to chant tea in tea poems.
5. Chorus poetry
Among thousands of tea poems, Pi Rixiu and Lu Guimeng's chorus poems are unique and rare.
Pi Rixiu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Xiangyang (now Xiangfan City, Hubei Province) and graduated from Hanlin University. Lu Guimeng, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Changzhou (now Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province) and worked in two places. They are very close friends, love tea, are elegant, and often write poems. Therefore, they are called "Pilu". They wrote 10 chorus poems with tea, including Teahouse, Tea Man, Tea Bud, Tea Warehouse, Tea Furnace, Tea Baking, Tea Ding, Tea Ou and Tea Boiling.