However, on the other hand, who can say that in the distant future, human sports performance can reach 1 00 meters only in1second? This incredible achievement, even if it can be achieved, is it possible for 100 meter to take only 0.5 seconds? If we continue to ask this question, the "infinity theory" seems untenable. So, is there a limit to human sports or is there an absolute world record for human sports achievements? Edward asserted that this will be an endless debate, which will continue from time to time.
Now we don't consider Edward's assertion, but only consider a simple question-will human sports achievements be constantly broken? Perhaps this is the question that most people will answer. Because, as long as we improve our own physical fitness and external sports environment, we can break through or break through many impossible limits bit by bit. At present, human beings may have come to an end in physical fitness, but improving the sports environment, including infiltrating scientific and technological means into all aspects of sports, such as improving sports equipment and equipment, and improving sports methods and postures by using the principles of human and animal engineering, can refresh and break the impossible records in the past.
Runways and running shoes
It is a classic of modern sports to use plastic track to improve and break human sports records. In the history of human sports, stones, mud, sand, grassland and cinder (runway) are the basic environment and venues for people to show their sports talents. However, with the development of science and technology, it seems that human beings have found better venues, such as polyurethane plastic track, which is recognized as the best sports venue in the world. The thickness of plastic track is generally 13mm, and its advantages are good elasticity, wear resistance, anti-slip, beautiful color, neat venue, convenient maintenance and management, and no influence from climate and other conditions. This kind of flat ground can absorb vibration and bounce freely. If the athlete falls, the degree of injury can be reduced. Therefore, due to these advantages, athletes' performance can be significantly improved.
Psychologically speaking, because the runway is colorful and beautiful, it gives athletes a sense of comfort, which can boost their spirits and improve their competitive level. The track is flat, non-slippery and elastic, which helps athletes to release their physical strength and improve their performance. Many large-scale international competitions show that the athlete 100 meter sprint is 0.2 ~ 1.03 seconds faster than the cinder track, and the long jump performance can be improved by 20 ~ 30 cm. However, today, the health and safety of plastic track to people and the environment is becoming a controversial topic. But until the exact research results come out, plastic runways will be used in stadiums. In addition, who can deny that there will be no better runway than plastic runway in the future? So that human sports performance can't be improved?
Transforming sports shoes with scientific and technological means is also an effective means to set a new record. 199 1 At the Tokyo World Athletics Championships, American athlete Lewis broke the 100-meter world record with a time of 9.86 seconds, and people generally think that his running shoes are important "heroes". His shoes have been carefully designed by kinesiologists, medical experts and shoemakers, weighing only115g, and the soles are inlaid with lightweight and strong ceramic spikes. Due to the wear resistance of ceramics, there is no adhesive near the nail, and the weight of the shoe has been reduced by 20 grams, which has laid a solid material foundation for him to break the world record of 100 meters. It is said that these shoes are worth hundreds of thousands of dollars.
Inspired by this, Nike, a world-famous sports shoes manufacturer, also invested heavily in developing "golden shoes" and "crystal shoes" for the famous sprinter Michael Qiang Sen and the world's fastest woman marion jones. The researchers spent three years developing these two pairs of shoes. Johnson won two gold medals in the 200-meter and 400-meter at 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games. As he is older, he must reduce the burden on his feet as much as possible on the premise of ensuring safety. This pair of running shoes specially made for him by Nike researchers is only116g, which may be the most expensive running shoes in the world. The vamp is all wrapped in particles made of 24K pure gold, golden.
Nike's artwork-like "crystal shoes" for Jones are made of extremely expensive transparent plastic and weigh only 3.5 ounces (about 99 grams), making them the lightest sports shoes ever. And in order to reduce weight, this pair of shoes has no heel. Researchers photographed Jones' heroic performance with a high-speed camera at a speed of 500 frames per second and found that her heel never touched the ground during the competition. Although the fact that Jones took doping was confirmed today, and she missed the Athens Olympic Games, no one can deny that high-tech sports equipment laid the foundation for athletes to break the world record.
Swimwear and strutting
Just as people can think of using polyurethane as a track to improve sports performance, scientists and technicians have long hoped to use polyurethane as a bathing suit to improve swimming performance. But in fact, before that, there was a long-term discussion and debate about what kind of swimsuit athletes should wear to swim faster.
For example, some people think that swimming naked without a swimsuit will be faster, because there is no weight burden and no resistance of a swimsuit. However, the reason why naked swimming is not popular is not indecent, but that Dutch researchers have proved that naked swimming is not fast through experiments. Experiments show that the resistance of not wearing a swimsuit is 9% greater than that of wearing a swimsuit, and the swimsuit can streamline the body with less resistance. From 65438 to 0950, nylon swimsuits that can be freely extended and retracted were popular all over the world, and the styles of swimsuits were constantly changing. The main reason is that they all follow a principle of motion mechanics-the more streamlined the object, the smaller the resistance and the faster the speed. So in 1976, DuPont made a swimsuit with polyurethane fiber with less resistance.
The real breakthrough is the appearance of "shark skin" swimsuit. From 65438 to 0998, British athletes used swimsuits called "second skin" and "shark skin" for the first time at Commonwealth Games. This kind of swimsuit not only uses sports mechanics, but also uses bionics to imitate the characteristics of shark skin. Sharks swim fast because their skin has a tiny spinal process. When sharks swim in the water, these protrusions can make the water around them disappear more effectively, thus reducing the resistance and making them the best swimmers in the ocean.
Researchers made a "shark skin" swimsuit from Teflon fiber. The height and width of the protrusions have been strictly measured. At the same time, a body observation system is added to the fabric to record the characteristics of athletes and make the swimsuit more comfortable. 1999 On June 5438+00, FINA officially allowed athletes to wear "shark skin" swimsuits. In the swimming competition of Sydney Olympic Games in 2000, Thorpe Bigfoot, a talented swimmer, and his teammates won one medal after another in black one-piece tight-fitting "shark skin" swimsuit, so the high-tech strength of "shark skin" swimsuit was favored by more and more people.
Look at the history of pole vault. The pole vault with heavy, inflexible and easily broken wooden poles is only 3.30 meters high. 1905, athletes began to use bamboo poles with light weight and certain elasticity, and the highest score reached 4.77 meters. 1930, athletes used stronger metal poles, which was a historic breakthrough. Because of reducing the worries of broken poles, athletes can improve their grip points and speed up the run-up, with a score of 4.80 meters. When the mechanics of materials combined with new materials, 1948, people created a lighter and more elastic glass fiber pole, and the pole vault performance of human beings suddenly broke through the limit of 6 meters.
Who knows how many scientific and technological means humans can use in the future to break the limits of past sports and break the world record that was considered unattainable in the past?
Posture change performance
The breakthrough of people's sports limit is sometimes just the result of changing their sports posture. Don't underestimate the small change of movement posture, because it involves ergonomics, ergonomics, human behavior, bionics and so on.
The fosbury flop is the most typical record-breaking classic, because this posture naturally takes advantage of the relationship between human height and jumping. As long as the feet have enough strength, with the help of running and jumping, the head can jump over first and the whole body can jump over. From jumping to prone is a leap in human high jump, but in the era when prone is still dominant, at the Mexican Olympic Games in 1968, American athlete Richard Fosber jumped 2.24 meters with his own fosbury flop, only 1 cm away from the world record of 2.25 meters. This innovative posture, which conforms to the principles of ergonomics and ergonomics, increased the human high jump limit by 17 cm to 2.4 1 m in the following 20 years.
Similarly, the change of swimming posture makes people swim faster because it combines the principles of sports mechanics and ergonomics. Early swimming was dominated by side swimming. At the Stockholm Olympic Games of 19 12, Duke Paoa Kahanamoku, an American from Hawaii, adopted freestyle for the first time, which improved the world record of 100 meter by 5 seconds. The result is unbelievable. After the game, the referee repeatedly measured the swimming distance four times before admitting that the result was valid. Since then, freestyle has also swept the world.
Who can guarantee that one posture improvement after another that combines the principles of science and technology will make human sports achievements higher, farther and faster again and again?
Can and can not
It can be seen that the improvement of human sports performance and the breakthrough of human sports limit are gradual, which is the result of improving and excavating their sports potential by means of external force and technology and behavior. However, human sports achievements may have limits and unattainable places. Far away, there are only two points that can be proved at present.
First, because human beings can use more scientific and technological means, their sports achievements will continue to improve and world records will continue to be broken, but human beings also have some * * *, and some means cannot be used. Drugs, for example, are essentially one of the means of technology. Under the condition of taking drugs, ben johnson of Canada ran the record of 9.79 seconds 100 meter, while Montgomery of the United States ran the record of 9.78 seconds. Now the United States has verified Montgomery's systematic long-term use of illegal drugs, so he was disqualified from participating in the Athens Olympic Games. Therefore, people doubt whether Montgomery's achievements are true. Will the IOC cancel Montgomery's 100-meter world record like ben johnson?
However, we have to admit that human beings have strengthened their strength and greatly improved their sports performance with the help of drugs made by medicine and biochemistry. In essence, this is also with the help of technology. However, the reason why drug abuse is banned and despised by human beings lies in two huge weaknesses: one is unfair, the other is harmful to human health and life-threatening. But what if all the athletes take medicine? Although the injustice has been corrected, the most serious defects that endanger health and life are insurmountable. This not only violates the Olympic purpose, but also violates the foundation of human bioethics-protecting life and maintaining health.
Finally, no matter what scientific and technological means human beings use, such means will eventually be unanimously recognized by everyone, and human sports achievements will always face the limit. Just like the universe, you say it is angular but invisible, and you say it is infinite but can't prove it. Therefore, human beings can only keep moving forward in the cycle of keeping records and breaking records, keeping limits and breaking limits.