A woman's life, from birth to maturity and aging, is a gradual process. Due to the influence of heredity, environment, nutrition and other conditions, the age of each stage can be slightly different. According to the process of ovarian function regression, women's life can be divided into five physiological stages.
The first stage is called pre-puberty: it is pointed out that the child was born from 1 month to 12 years old, also known as infancy.
The second stage is called adolescence: it is also called "adolescence", which is a transitional stage when children begin to mature and finally become young people, usually between 10 and 18 years old. During this period, menstruation began, secondary sexual characteristics appeared, and the reproductive organs were fully mature.
The third stage is called sexual maturity: it generally starts at the age of 18 and lasts for about 30 years. This period is a period of vigorous female physiological function. In addition to pregnancy and lactation, ovarian ovulation produces hormones, and reproductive organs and even the whole body have periodic changes to varying degrees, which is also called sexual cycle. The most obvious performance in the sexual cycle is menstruation, so the sexual cycle is also called menstrual cycle.
The fourth stage is called menopause: it is a transitional stage from gradual decline of ovarian function to complete disappearance, which usually occurs at the age of 45-52. This period varies in length, ranging from several months to several years, mainly manifested as menstrual disorder to menopause, and a few people may have some symptoms called menopausal syndrome before and after menopause.
The fifth stage is called old age; After the age of 60, the ovarian function disappears and the reproductive organs atrophy. For example, the labia majora becomes flat, the vagina becomes thinner and loses elasticity, and the uterus and ovaries shrink.
2. What are the physiological changes in female adolescence?
The physiological changes of girls in adolescence are very great, mainly in three aspects:
One is the change of body shape. Mainly the rapid growth of height and weight, you can have a leap after entering adolescence. The fastest growth period of height is early adolescence, and the speed gradually slows down after 16 years old. Of course, everyone is different, some grow first, some grow later, some are taller and some are shorter. With the increase of height, the weight also increases correspondingly, and the change of weight is also manifested in the increase of internal organs, the development of muscles and the growth and thickening of bones.
Second, the body function is sound: after entering adolescence, the tissues and organs in the body develop rapidly and their functions are enhanced. For example, the weight of the heart and brain increases, and the function is close to that of adults. Therefore, the thinking is active and the ability to respond to things is improved.
Third, the development of reproductive organs and the emergence of secondary sexual characteristics. With the development of the ovary, the production of sex hormones increases, pubic hair and pubic mound gradually appear in the external genitalia, the labia majora becomes hypertrophy, the labia minora becomes dark, the length and width of vagina increase, the uterine body increases, and the ovary gradually matures and ovulates. The subcutaneous fat increases and the pelvis gradually widens, showing a unique female posture. From the age of thirteen or fourteen, the girl has a delicate voice, menstrual cramps, obviously enlarged breasts and armpit hair. Menstruation is an important symbol of puberty.
3. What is the developmental sequence of adolescent girls?
In adolescence, the development order of girls is as follows:
At the age of 9- 10, the pelvis begins to widen, and the areola protrudes in a bud shape;
10- 1 1 year-old breasts begin to develop;
1 1- 12 years old pubic hair grows and vaginal mucosa changes;
12- 13 years old breasts increased significantly;
13- 14 years old with axillary hair and menarche;
14- 15 years old, the pelvis is obviously widened, and menstruation is gradually regular;
16- 17 years old, with regular menstruation, ovulation, bone closure, growth stop and transition to mature type.
4. Why do women come to menstruation?
The ovary begins to ovulate at puberty, and a mature egg is discharged every month. There is a layer of mucosa on the inner surface of the uterus called endometrium, which will be thickened and congested periodically due to the influence of ovarian endocrine hormones. If the egg is not fertilized, the thickened endometrium gradually contracts and falls off. After a few days, the blood vessels rupture and the uterus contracts, and the fallen endometrium flows out of the vagina with the blood, which is called menstruation.
6. How is the menstrual cycle formed?
Ovary produces sex hormones, which make endometrium proliferate and fall off to form menstruation, but this regular periodic change can not be completed by ovary alone. In the human brain, there is a place called hypothalamus and another place called pituitary gland. The "direct superior" of ovary is pituitary gland, and the superior of pituitary gland is hypothalamus. The hypothalamus sends instructions to the pituitary gland, and the pituitary gland sends signals to the ovary, and then the ovary can mature and perform its duties: ovulate periodically and produce sex hormones. The level of sex hormones in the body is regulated and balanced by hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary. The hypothalamus is not completely autonomous, but also accepts the highest leadership of the brain. Problems in any part of the brain, hypothalamus, pituitary gland and ovary will lead to abnormal menstruation. For example, when the spirit is stimulated, the brain will affect the function of the hypothalamus, leading to changes in the menstrual cycle. Therefore, the functional activities of the reproductive system are often carried out through the hypothalamus under the control of the cerebral cortex.
7. What are the manifestations of normal menstruation?
The first menstrual period is called menarche. The age of menarche is mostly around 13 years old. From the first day of menstrual cramps to the first day of the next menstrual cramps, it is called a menstrual cycle. Usually, women's menstrual cycle is about 28 days, and a few people have an interval of more than 20 days or more than 40 days, but as long as menstruation is regular, it is within the normal range. Normal menstruation lasts about 2-7 days, and the blood volume is generally 35-58 ml. Usually on the second to third day of menstruation, the menstrual flow is the highest.
There is generally no obvious discomfort during menstruation. A few women may feel back pain, abdominal distension and so on. With mild diarrhea or constipation. This is because pelvic congestion occurs during menstruation. Due to the imbalance of cerebral cortex and the fluctuation of hormone level during menstruation, some women will also have different degrees of systemic reactions. Such as dizziness, headache, fatigue, lethargy, irritability, emotional excitement, breast pain and so on. But it is generally mild and will not affect study and work. If you have severe abdominal pain, even nausea, vomiting and syncope before or during menstruation, you should consider dysmenorrhea and seek medical advice in time.
8. What is menarche? Why is menstruation not allowed after menarche?
After girls enter puberty, their first menstruation is called menarche, and their age is generally between 13 ~ 15. Healthy girls can reach menarche as early as 1 1- 12, and they can reach menarche at the age of seventeen or eighteen. Sooner or later, the age of menarche will be affected by physical and nutritional status, and those who are weak and malnourished can postpone menarche. A considerable number of girls have their first menstrual cramps, but they no longer "report" on a monthly basis and become irregular. Sometimes you can come once every two or three months or even half a year. This is because the ovaries of young girls are not fully developed. Although there are eggs in the ovary that develop and secrete sex hormones, they cannot ovulate normally. Only when the ovarian function is perfect can they ovulate every month and establish a normal menstrual cycle. Therefore, within one year after menarche, it is normal that menstrual cycles are not allowed. Very few people can even extend it to three or four years after menarche. However, if some people have a normal period of time and then become irregular, this situation needs to be treated by a doctor to find out the reason. In addition, the psychological factors of adolescent girls will also affect the menstrual cycle, such as study pressure and environmental changes. After getting rid of or adapting, menstruation will gradually return to normal.
9. What are amenorrhea and menorrhagia?
The cycle of normal menstruation is regular. If a "good friend" refuses to "show up" when it is time to "visit", menstruation stops and it is amenorrhea. If a girl has not had menstrual cramps after 18 years old, it is called primary amenorrhea. If you have normal menstruation for more than three months, it is called secondary amenorrhea. There are some periods in women's life when menstruation stops due to normal changes in sex hormones, such as childhood, pregnancy, lactation and menopause. These are normal physiological phenomena, so they are called physiological amenorrhea. Primary or secondary amenorrhea is pathological amenorrhea.
Hypomenorrhea means that the menstrual cycle is normal, but the menstrual period is very short or the amount of menstruation is very small or both. Although some have less menstrual flow, ovulation does not affect fertility. And some people have less and less menstrual flow, which lasts for a period of time and eventually leads to amenorrhea. Pathological amenorrhea or menorrhagia should go to the hospital for examination, and can't be left unchecked.
10, why do some people feel depressed during menstruation?
Most women don't have special performance during their menstrual period as usual. However, some people will feel depressed during menstruation, and their work and study efficiency will decrease. This emotional change begins before menstruation. The menstrual period is the most obvious, and it gradually improves and returns to normal after menstruation.
This is because a series of changes in the menstrual cycle are formed by the interaction of hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovary and uterus, in which changes in sex hormone levels can directly or indirectly affect people's mental state and work and study efficiency. The low level of menstrual sex hormones, coupled with some women's aversion to menstrual cramps or discomfort such as dizziness and low back pain, will lead to depression and low efficiency in study and work. With the end of menstruation, the level of sex hormones rises, and people's mental state gradually improves. Therefore, women should correctly realize that these are all physiological changes. Besides paying attention to menstrual hygiene, we should also mobilize our own positive factors, try to relax ourselves, restrain bad emotions, and make reasonable arrangements for study and work.
1 1. What are the hygiene requirements for menstrual pads?
Menstrual pads are generally made of toilet paper, cloth, absorbent cotton and sanitary napkins. No matter what kind, it is required to be soft and clean, with good water absorption, comfortable and convenient to use, and it is not easy for blood to overflow and stain clothes. It is best to expose yourself to the sun before use. Choose soft old cloth for the menstrual pad, wash it before use and dry it in the sun. Change the menstrual belt with Qin Ying, and don't touch the dirty side of vulva when changing. Do not use dirty towels or paper, old cotton, rags, etc. As a menstrual pad. Sanitary napkins have many advantages, so you should pay attention to quality when buying them. They should be soft, snow-white, mildew-free, odorless, have good water absorption function, are not easy to wrinkle, and are comfortable after use.
12. How to choose menstrual products correctly?
The ability to resist diseases during menstruation is reduced and it is easy to catch diseases, so special attention should be paid to menstrual hygiene. It is particularly important to choose menstrual products correctly. When you come to menstruation, you should choose the menstrual products that suit you. It mainly includes sanitary napkins, toilet paper and sanitary cotton. Sanitary napkins are recommended as the first choice here. Most sanitary napkins are soft to the touch and water permeates quickly. Some sanitary napkins use retractable wings, which can effectively prevent side leakage or back leakage. At present, sanitary napkins on the market can be divided into "standard type", "extended type" and "ultra-long type" according to their length. According to its quality, it can be divided into cotton, paper and dry net, which can be used according to its own specific situation. If you choose a menstrual belt and a menstrual pad, it is best to fold the menstrual belt into a belt with a square cloth, which is convenient for washing and drying. The menstrual pad should use sterilized toilet paper and sanitary cotton.
13, what are the main points of menstrual health care?
Women's physical resistance during menstruation is generally poor, and they are prone to diseases, so they must pay attention to vulva cleaning during menstruation. Because the endometrium falls off during menstruation, the uterine cavity becomes a big wound, and blood is the best environment for bacteria to grow and reproduce, so the vulva should be cleaned once a day during menstruation. Sterilized sanitary napkins or toilet paper should be used, and menstrual belts should be washed and changed frequently, and dried in the sun to achieve the purpose of disinfection. Menstrual pads should be sanitary napkins, toilet paper or cotton pads with good water absorption to avoid scratching the skin when walking. Underwear should be made of pure cotton products with good water absorption and permeability, and should not be worn with others to prevent cross-infection, and should be washed and changed in Ying Qin. Should avoid mental stimulation or participate in excessive physical labor or strenuous activities, swimming, bathing, sexual intercourse, vaginal medication and vaginal examination are strictly prohibited to avoid intrauterine infection; It is best to use squatting urinal in public toilets, and wipe it from front to back when using paper to prevent anal bacteria from being brought into the vaginal opening; In addition, we should pay attention to keep warm and avoid getting wet in the rain and wading. And don't eat cold or spicy food to prevent dysmenorrhea.
14. How do girls pay attention to physical exercise during menstruation?
Every girl is very concerned about whether she can take part in physical exercises and competitions during her menstrual period.
Menstruation is a physiological phenomenon, generally there will be no pain and particularly uncomfortable feeling. Although some people have slight discomfort, such as backache, abdominal distension, abdominal distension, or lethargy and excitability, these are normal physiological reactions, not diseases. Therefore, in normal menstrual period, you can participate in appropriate sports activities. For girls who have just started menstruating, within one or two years after menarche, because their development is not yet fully mature, they are easily disturbed and stimulated by bad factors, resulting in irregular menstruation or amenorrhea. So it is appropriate to do some sports with less physical strength at this time, such as unarmed sports, volleyball, table tennis, badminton and so on. With the maturity of development and the regularity of menstrual cycle, you can gradually increase the amount of exercise.
Attention should be paid to avoid strenuous, high-intensity or shocking running and jumping during menstruation, such as long-distance running, sprinting, high jump, long jump, box jumping and uneven bars. And don't do strength exercises to increase abdominal pressure, so as not to cause menorrhagia or uterine position change. Swimming activities should also be prohibited during menstruation, because during menstruation, the cervix is open and easy to be infected. In addition, it is not appropriate to participate in sports competitions during menstruation. Because of the mental stress and large amount of activities in sports competitions, it is easy to cause menstrual disorder, abdominal pain, too much or too little menstrual flow and so on. Girls suffering from dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia or other diseases should take proper rest during menstruation, reduce or stop exercise and actively treat them.
15, does body fat affect menstruation?
Being too fat or too thin will have a certain impact on menstruation. Normal menstrual period needs several hormones to coordinate, the most important of which is estrogen. Too much or too little estrogen can lead to menstrual disorder. Female obesity, subcutaneous fat thickening, subcutaneous fat can be converted into estrogen substances increased, in girls can appear early puberty. In adults, it can lead to an increase in estrogen levels in the body, causing irregular menstruation or amenorrhea.
Thin people are often accompanied by chronic diseases or malnutrition, and some hormones in the body are not regulated normally. The menarche of such girls is often delayed, and the normal menstruation becomes sparse and the blood volume decreases in adulthood. Even amenorrhea. Some girls go on a diet blindly in order to keep slim, which is not desirable. Long-term diet control will not only cause irregular menstruation, but also affect nutrient absorption due to weakened gastrointestinal digestive function, which is harmful to health.
16, why not change the menstrual cycle with drugs at will?
Some girls want to avoid the adverse effects of menstruation on their health because they have to take exams, or prepare to travel or participate in competitions, and get better on the spot. They often ask doctors to delay or advance their menstrual cycle with drugs. As everyone knows, this is harmful to the body, because it does not play a therapeutic role, but interferes with the normal physiology of the body. After taking or injecting drugs, the physiological balance in the body is destroyed, causing endocrine disorders. Although menstruation can still come after drug withdrawal, frequent use of this method will lead to menstrual disorder, and menstrual delay is often large in blood volume and lasts for a long time, and these changes often cannot return to normal quickly. Therefore, if it is really necessary to temporarily change the menstrual cycle due to some special circumstances, it should be properly handled according to the age, physique and original menstrual situation under the guidance of gynecologists. Don't take medicine without permission, in case of adverse consequences.
What is late menstruation?
Generally speaking, a girl's body is constantly developing before the age of 10, but her reproductive organs are always in a naive state. The vagina is slender, the cervix is longer than the uterus, the fallopian tube is slender and curved, the ovary is long and narrow, and the follicles are underdeveloped. At the age of 10, a small number of follicles developed in the ovary, but atresia did not ovulate. At this time, female characteristics began to appear. 1 1- 12 years old, the breast begins to develop and swell, but menstruation does not appear yet. Generally, menarche is at 13- 16 years old, and 14 years old is the most. Therefore, if there is still no menstruation over 16 years old, it can be called late menstruation. Late menstruation is not necessarily a disease. For example, in cold regions, the age of menarche for girls is often later than that for girls in tropical regions. But some girls' late menstruation may be caused by illness. For example, in childhood, suffering from parasitic diseases, tuberculosis or malnutrition will affect the development of reproductive organs, leading to delayed menstruation.
18, can a menarche girl get pregnant?
Whether it is a girl or a mature woman, the pregnancy conditions are the same, that is, ovarian ovulation, tubal patency, sperm and eggs can meet and combine, the uterus develops well, and the endometrium has the conditions to accept the implantation of pregnant eggs. With these conditions, you can get pregnant. Although some girls have irregular menstruation within one or two years after menarche, and most of them are anovulatory menstruation, it does not mean that they will never ovulate. As it turns out, some girls can ovulate, so they will get pregnant the first time they ovulate. It is not uncommon for a girl of thirteen or fourteen to get pregnant, give birth or have an induced abortion.
As a teenager, she is physically immature, mentally naive, lacking the ability to judge and analyze things, and has not yet become independent economically. Pregnancy, childbirth, abortion and abortion are very harmful to girls' physical and mental health and fetal development, and will also bring a series of family and social problems. Therefore, girls should never be emotional, and should not be bound by their own actions and bring unnecessary pain to themselves.
19, what is adolescent functional uterine bleeding?
After menarche in adolescent girls, the menstrual cycle is not necessarily regular, but in general, girls have a lot of menstruation or a long period, mainly because the endocrine function of the ovary is unstable, which is called functional uterine bleeding, or dysfunctional uterine bleeding for short. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding in adolescence is mostly anovulatory, mainly manifested as irregular uterine bleeding. Menstrual intervals range from a few days to several months. After the onset, the blood volume can be more or less, and the menstrual period can be continuous, but it can also be shorter and stop. Excessive bleeding is often accompanied by dizziness, weakness, pallor and bedridden. At this time, you should go to the hospital, carefully introduce your illness to the doctor, and check other diseases. Liver and blood diseases can lead to excessive uterine bleeding. It is best for patients to record their menstrual conditions, such as the date, end time, blood volume and what happened, so that doctors can analyze and understand the condition. In addition to medication, rest and nutrition are also important during treatment, so as to avoid fatigue and mental stress. Severe blood loss requires hospitalization and blood transfusion.
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding in adolescence is a common gynecological disease in girls' development. Children and parents need not be nervous, but as long as they are paid attention to and given appropriate treatment, they will generally get better after a period of time.
20. What is dysmenorrhea? How to treat dysmenorrhea?
Many girls will feel pain in their lower abdomen before or during menstruation, and some will feel weak and easily get angry, which generally does not affect their daily life. However, there are also a few girls who have unbearable bouts of pain in the lower abdomen during menstruation, sometimes extending to the vagina, anus and waist, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting, pale face when abdominal pain is severe, cold hands and feet, cold sweat and even syncope. Generally, abdominal pain can only be improved after menstrual flow, and gynecological examination shows that there is no pathological change in reproductive organs. This is the so-called primary dysmenorrhea, also known as functional dysmenorrhea, which can often heal itself after getting married and having children. Obstruction of menstrual blood is an important cause of dysmenorrhea in girls. Cold during menstruation, getting wet in the rain, and overeating cold food are all easy to make cold stay in the body and make menstrual blood stagnate. Emotional changes can cause "qi stagnation and blood stasis", making it difficult to discharge menstrual blood; Weak body and lack of qi and blood lead to dull pain in the abdomen. In addition, abnormal uterine position, cervical stenosis, uterine dysplasia, and enhanced or uncoordinated uterine contraction are also the causes of dysmenorrhea. Mental factors are also closely related to primary dysmenorrhea. Mental stress, anxiety and fear are the consequences of dysmenorrhea, which in turn will aggravate dysmenorrhea. After all, dysmenorrhea is not a serious illness, so girls with primary dysmenorrhea must be treated calmly. Don't focus on dysmenorrhea every time, but take medicine under the guidance of a doctor, and never take painkillers yourself.
Modern medicine believes that dysmenorrhea is caused by abdominal pain after menstruation or menstrual period, which affects labor and life. Dysmenorrhea can be divided into primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea of female students mostly belongs to primary dysmenorrhea, that is, it is not caused by abnormal reproductive organs, tumors or inflammatory lesions. Dysmenorrhea generally occurs 2-3 years after menarche, and gradually decreases after the age of 25, and rarely reappears after marriage and childbirth. There are many reasons for dysmenorrhea, which are generally related to psychological and mental factors, such as emotional excitement, depression and mental tension. Sometimes fatigue, strenuous activity, getting caught in the rain, catching a cold, eating a lot of cold drinks, etc. It can also cause dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea will disappear naturally after menstruation, but if active preventive measures are not taken, it will cause physical and mental pain. First of all, we should prevent dysmenorrhea, strengthen physical exercise at ordinary times, and eliminate the fear, anxiety and tension during menstruation; Pay attention to menstrual hygiene, avoid overwork during menstruation, eat less cold and irritating food, and avoid getting wet in the rain or taking a cold bath or cold water operation. When dysmenorrhea occurs, mild people can take painkillers, diazepam and other drugs to relieve the pain in a short time. In severe cases, you can take atropine, 654-2 and other analgesic drugs. It can also be treated with unilateral or traditional Chinese medicine. For example, Folium Artemisiae Argyi 10g, 5 slices of ginger, and appropriate amount of brown sugar are decocted in water and taken while hot; Or decoct with 30 grams of dry motherwort and appropriate amount of brown sugar. It is very effective to apply 75% alcohol cotton balls to both external auditory meatus, or to absorb alcohol with a dropper and drop it into the external ear for 5-8 drops, and then pack cotton after 5 minutes. In addition, acupuncture, ear acupuncture or acupuncture also have good effects.
2 1, what is PMS?
Premenstrual tension syndrome generally refers to various physical discomfort symptoms that appear a few days before menstrual cramps. There are usually two manifestations, one is mainly mental symptoms, such as common mental irritability, irritability, depression, loneliness, sentimentality, general fatigue, fatigue, insomnia, headache, inattention and so on. The other type is mainly physical symptoms, which often include edema of hands, feet and face, abdominal distension, diarrhea, abdominal distension or pain, breast pain, headache, dizziness, nausea and other symptoms. Premenstrual tension syndrome mostly occurs in young women and often has one or more of the above symptoms. Most of the causes of premenstrual tension syndrome are premenstrual nerve and endocrine dysfunction. In addition, psychological factors also play an important role in the pathogenesis. Depression, gloomy mood and psychological contradictions can not be properly resolved, which may cause neurological and endocrine dysfunction, thus leading to the occurrence of premenstrual tension syndrome. Young women with PMS generally have mild symptoms and do not need treatment. If a few people have severe symptoms, consider using some drugs, such as painkillers for headaches and a small amount of sedatives for irritability, such as Li Mianning and Mianertong, and seek medical attention if necessary. In addition, women suffering from premenstrual discomfort should understand that menstruation is a normal physiological phenomenon. Don't be anxious when menstruating, pay attention to rest and eat less salt to avoid edema aggravation. The food should be light and the stool should be smooth. Usually, we should pay attention to controlling our emotions, cultivate an optimistic and cheerful personality, and avoid some unnecessary mental stimulation, so that the discomfort can basically disappear or be alleviated.
22. What is the "Tao Jing"?
Some women have nosebleeds every menstrual period or one or two days before menstruation. At this time, the amount of menstrual bleeding is small, and sometimes there is no uterine bleeding. In medicine, the former is called compensatory menstruation, which refers to extrauterine bleeding that occurs at the same time as menstruation. The latter is only manifested as extrauterine bleeding, so it is called alternative menstruation. Both cases are called "amenorrhea" in Chinese medicine. In addition to the nose, similar bleeding also occurs in other parts of the body, such as stomach, intestine, bladder, lungs and so on. The reason of amenorrhea may be that nasal mucosa is sensitive to estrogen. When the amount of estrogen in the body rises, the blood vessels in these parts will also proliferate, swell and congestion, and eventually rupture and bleeding will occur. This kind of "menstrual bleeding" is generally not too much and will not cause great harm to the body, but it is best to go to the hospital for examination and stop bleeding under the guidance of a doctor.
23. Why do women have leucorrhea?
With the arrival of adolescent girls, the ovaries wake up from the "deep sleep" and enter the working state, and the estrogen produced makes a series of changes in the girl's body, and the production of leucorrhea is one of them. Women's cervix has many glands. Estrogen can make these glands secrete mucus, and the amount of mucus varies with the level of estrogen. The higher the estrogen level, the more mucus there is. Estrogen can also make mucus as thin as egg white, while progesterone can make mucus sticky.
There are no glands in the vagina. Under the action of estrogen, many cells and blood vessels under vaginal mucosa can ooze mucus, and pelvic organs are congested before menstruation, and exudation increases. Cervical mucosa and vaginal secretions are leucorrhea discharged from vagina. Ovarian function is vigorous, and leucorrhea increases correspondingly. Generally in the middle of two menstrual periods, it is equivalent to ovulation, because estrogen is produced more. At this time, the amount of leucorrhea is also relatively transparent, egg white-like, sticky, slightly more before menstruation, turbid and sticky, less in a few days after menstruation, and then gradually increase. This situation will be repeated every month. There are sometimes yellow stains on girls' underwear, which may be caused by sweat secreted by sweat glands of labia majora skin, rather than vaginal inflammation. Girls or elderly women have no leucorrhea because the ovarian function has not started or has declined, the estrogen level is low, and there is neither cervical mucus nor vaginal exudate.
24. What is the function of normal leucorrhea?
Vaginal secretion is one of the components of leucorrhea, which contains more substances called glycogen. Bacillus vaginalis, a bacterium existing in vagina, can ferment glycogen into lactic acid, which is equivalent to coating a thin layer of lactic acid disinfectant on the inner wall of vagina, which is not conducive to the growth of pathogenic bacteria invaded by people. Vaginal bacilli can grow and reproduce normally only by moist leucorrhea. The vaginal environment is acidic, and the mucus secreted by the cervix is alkaline, which blocks the cervix like a plug, so it is called a mucus plug, and it is difficult for bacteria to pass through. Even if a small amount of bacteria that are not afraid of acid break into the cervix, alkaline mucus can block or kill it. This leucorrhea can prevent bacteria from invading. In addition, vaginal discharge after marriage can also lubricate the vagina, which is conducive to sexual life. Postmenopausal elderly women are prone to senile vaginitis because of the decline of ovarian function and vaginal dryness without leucorrhea.
25. What are the causes and manifestations of abnormal leucorrhea among girls?
Before puberty, girls' ovaries just began to develop and secrete estrogen, and they began to have a small amount of leucorrhea, which was white paste and tasteless; During adolescence, ovarian function gradually matures, and the quality and quantity of leucorrhea change with menstrual cycle. Under normal circumstances, the amount of leucorrhea will not be too much. If the quality, quantity, color and smell of leucorrhea change abnormally, it means that it is a manifestation of some disease. For girls, abnormal leucorrhea is more common in vulvovaginal inflammation, such as purulent bacterial infection, increased leucorrhea, yellow or yellow-green, with purulent odor. If this situation lasts for a long time, the possibility of vaginal foreign bodies should be ruled out. When mold and trichomonas are infected, leucorrhea is gray foam. Taking estrogen drugs to regulate menstruation can lead to a large number of colorless and transparent mucus leucorrhea. Sometimes excessive exercise and fatigue cause pelvic congestion, and there will also be a temporary increase in leucorrhea. No matter what causes abnormal leucorrhea, you should go to the hospital for examination and treatment.
27. Can unmarried girls have a vaginal examination?
Unmarried girls will also get some gynecological diseases, such as abnormal leucorrhea, pruritus vulvae, functional uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea and so on. At this time, it is necessary to do some tests to eliminate organic diseases of reproductive organs. Gynecologists often know the pelvic situation through the joint examination of anus and abdominal wall. With the cooperation of B-ultrasound, most of them can make a definite diagnosis, but in some cases, vaginal examination needs to be considered, such as suspicious lesions in vagina or cervix, and unknown source of pelvic tumors. Some diseases need to be diagnosed and treated by curettage. Vaginal examination has no adverse effects except rupture of hymen. Please understand and cooperate with parents. There was once a girl of 17 years old who needed to be hospitalized for blood transfusion because of excessive menstrual flow. Long-term treatment is ineffective. Later, with the cooperation of parents, curettage was performed, which not only understood the cause of bleeding but also played a role in hemostasis treatment.
28. Will you get fungal vaginitis if you are unmarried?
Unmarried women can also get fungal vaginitis. Common causes are: 1. Contact infection: spread through polluted public toilets, bathtubs, towels, bedding, etc. If there is the patient in the family and the above items are mixed, it can be infected. Second, long-term application of antibiotics to diminish inflammation due to illness can kill bacteria beneficial to the human body in the vagina at the same time and reduce the resistance of the vagina. Third, molds from other parts of the body, such as oral cavity, intestinal tract and skin mold, are contaminated on the hands and brought into the vagina if they are not careful. Fourth, some girls love to wear chemical fiber tight underwear, which makes the vulva moist and airtight, providing good conditions for mold growth. If we pay attention to the above factors, we can avoid fungal vaginitis.
29. How do women's breasts develop?
The development of girls' breasts is the beginning of the development of female secondary sexual characteristics, and it is also a signal of puberty germination. Under the action of sex hormones, the breasts of 9-1 1 year-old girls began to develop. At first, the nipple was protruding, and there was a small lump to the touch, and there was some pain. Later, the breast gradually swelled, and the light brown areola around the nipple gradually deepened and the range increased. Later, the nipples were large and prominent, and the breasts became increasingly full. Due to the influence of heredity, environment, nutrition, physique and many other factors, the age at which girls germinate in adolescence varies greatly from person to person. In general, it is normal to have breast enhancement at the age of 8- 14. /kloc-those who are still undeveloped after 0/6 years old should go to the hospital for examination.
How to choose a bra?
At the beginning of puberty, the earliest secondary sexual characteristic of girls is increased breast development. Women's breasts are mainly composed of mammary ducts, mammary vesicles and fat, so the breasts themselves have no supporting function. When a girl's breasts are basically shaped at the age of 15, it is necessary to wear a bra in time. Wearing a bra is not only beautiful, but also protects the breasts. Bras can prevent sagging breasts. Once the breasts droop, it is often difficult to recover, which not only affects bodybuilding, but also causes discomfort. Breast drooping can also make the blood flow in the lower part poor, causing breast diseases. Bras can support and support the breasts, make the blood circulation of the breasts smooth, help the development of the breasts, and protect the nipples from being scratched or touched. It also has the function of heat preservation in autumn and winter. For rural girls, bras can also prevent their breasts from being too shaken and damaged when they are engaged in manual labor and sports. So how to choose a bra? A suitable bra should be tight. Simple and convenient, the strap should be wide, not too tight, and it is best to have an adjustable elastic band. Bras should be made of soft cotton fabric, which is beneficial to ventilation and moisture absorption. You must loosen your bra when you sleep at night, otherwise it will affect you?