A primary school teacher once asked, "Children are forced to learn instrumental music. Why can't we train them to learn realistic sketch in the same way? " Many children also use realistic sketches in their painting classes because of their teachers' majors, which seems to have laid a solid foundation for their looks since childhood; Parents are overjoyed to see their children have artistic talent (love painting), and feel that they should undertake the "right way" exercise as soon as possible. So, can children be suitable for learning realistic sketch? What are the benefits? What is the basis?
First, the subjective and objective reasons why people become talents are very complicated. The difference and diversity of people determine that not anyone can "train" into a professional, such as a painter; The study of any knowledge and skills can only be effective if it is supported by the psychological foundation of the corresponding age. Facts have proved that forcing children to learn instrumental music will definitely win, and it must be based on their inherent qualities and needs. Compared with learning instrumental music, realistic sketch seems to be more complicated in psychological process.
When learning instrumental music: look at the score (symbol) → visual-dynamic harmony → hand movements (fingering). Once you remember the music score, you should mainly exercise your fingers' sensitivity and proficiency, and form a solid central control program, which is an advanced conditioned reflex process. The key period to cultivate and form this talent is in early childhood.
Realistic sketch: eye observation → brain analysis → hand drawing. Here, what the eyes want to see is a plane object with appearance characteristics, size ratio, specific structure, perspective deformation, light and shadow color, which is much more complicated than looking at symbols. Among them, not only a certain degree of sensibility is needed, but also a series of rational analysis of the brain is needed. When I first started painting, I also came into contact with appearance talents such as composition, modeling and proportion, painting skills such as shading and authenticity, and there was a set of strict methods and steps. At the same time, it is necessary to compare with the real thing from time to time to correct the image in the painting, which is a series of complex psychological activities such as reaction and tracking. It can be said that the psychological process of realistic sketch is certainly more complicated than practicing instrumental music, and from the existing materials, at least before the age of nine to ten, children's psychological development level does not have the necessary conditions to complete realistic sketch.
Secondly, some research data show that in terms of vision, children aged 65,438+0-2 are 0.5-0.6, reaching 65,438+0.0 when they are 3 years old, and tend to be stable after 4-5 years old. Children's eyesight develops with age; In terms of color vision, 3-year-old children can't distinguish colors (such as blue and sky blue), lightness and saturation well. Since the age of 4, the ability to distinguish subtle differences in colors has gradually developed. Five-year-olds can notice the lightness and saturation of colors. 6-7 years old can make further progress in distinguishing subtle differences in color, lightness and saturation. Children are required to choose pictures with the same lightness and saturation according to examples, and the correct rates are 3 -30%, 4 -40%, 6 -80% and 7 -90% respectively.
At present, there is no psychological data to prove children's perception of plane shape. But in theory, there are some examples to prove that children's perception of appearance needs to be gradually improved until they are about ten years old. Children are confident and bold in painting, and their works have the characteristics of symbolic appearance, objective color, absurd composition and novel plot, which shows the artistic charm of * * *. But it is also clear that children's perception of appearance is rough and they don't care about image. By the age of ten, children will start to alter the painting repeatedly because they think it is not like it, which makes the picture restrictive and rigid, showing a "youth crisis." This just explains from the back: after the age of ten, children's perception of appearance has improved, only to find that their paintings are no different from the real thing.
According to the research data, the students in the third and fourth grades are much more careful about the physical objects than the students in the first and second grades, and always look at the physical objects carefully at every turning point of the line; The eyes have to go back and forth from the object to the picture as many as 75 times, which shows that the students' appearance perception has high accuracy at this time.
Scholars all over the world believe that children enter the realistic period around the age of ten, and it is clear that at this stage, the perception of appearance is gradually improved, and new demands for realism begin to appear in painting. But at this time, the demand for "realism" is just a kind of children's painting that is divorced from symbolism, and is more decent and detailed in appearance.
All the above examples can show that the development of children's visual perception has not reached the level of drawing realistic sketches, and they can't feel and distinguish all kinds of complicated and wonderful relationships in realistic sketches, and they can't understand all kinds of sketch principles in cognitive structure. Another reason is that the small muscles of children's arms and fingers are not well developed, so they can't control the brush more accurately, which is also the difficulty for children to draw realistic sketches.
Third, some scholars believe that children's feelings about painting are "self-centered", that is, the state in which self and the outside world have not yet differentiated. /kloc-After 0/2 years old, painting will be invented and enjoyed as an object only when egoism declines and subjective knowledge develops.
Therefore, if children are asked to draw a sketch of a plate of fruits, they think they are drawing a picture about these fruits, and children will invent symbols and colors that show the characteristics of various fruits, but they may also draw more bananas or fewer apples, and the combination relationship and objects are different. The reason may be that he likes bananas, or involuntarily drew an apple less. If the teacher points out these shortcomings, the children will wonder why they can't draw an extra banana. What does it matter that the painting is not the same as the teacher's? Maybe it is difficult for teachers to explain the truth to children.
If children are asked to sketch and spend a long time drawing some boring plaster bodies or jars, they can't imagine the significance of drawing these things. Why paint it as a bad face? In other words, learning realistic sketch needs the support of personality quality. For example, the composition of subject cognition has produced the demand of expressing the object; In taste, you can appreciate the aesthetic value of realistic works; As far as motivation is concerned, I know that sketching is the basic practice of art study. In terms of will, I have the psychological preparation to restrain difficulties and the stability and persistence of various psychological processes. However, children's subjective understanding has not yet been formed, and they can't blindly control their own behavior. They have the characteristics of passivity, short-term, directness and variability in personality quality. It is generally believed that children's personality quality will be significantly developed after the age of ten.
4. Learning professional realistic sketch is to understand the basic theory and law of appearance art, learn the basic methods and steps of appearance art, and master the performance of sketch data tools. It is a skill exercise to cultivate professional artistic talents, and there are few artistic elements such as conception, imagination, thinking in images and invention. When I was a child, my interest was not finalized, so learning realistic sketch was often the choice of my parents who didn't know why. If they are not painters in the future, it will be useless.
Children's painting is the demand of children's growth. Just as children instinctively need to learn to walk, talk to adults and love to tell stories, children naturally need to draw. Painting is an important way for children to know the objective world, express their objective thoughts and emotions, carry out various cognitive processes and increase their theoretical talents. Therefore, its significance does not lie in mastering the realistic representation ability, learning the correct painting method and drawing professional pictures. Instead, they develop their sensibility, observation, cognition, imagination, thinking ability, invention ability, aesthetic ability and expressive force through unrestrained artistic activities, and subtly form their subjective knowledge, interest, emotion, motivation, will and temperament. Its importance is irreplaceable by other disciplines.
Theory has proved that children who learn realistic sketch too early often make slow progress because they don't have the above psychological foundation. However, behind this seemingly "right way" artistic exercise, they are deprived of their rights and interests in drawing children's paintings, lost many opportunities for imagination, thinking and invention, hindered the healthy growth of children's personality, and even dampened the interest of some gifted children who love art, or they have developed the drawback of conceptualization because they have been passive for a long time and do not understand sketch.
If we conform to children's needs and organize extracurricular art education according to the idea of developing children's aesthetic and cultural quality, it will help children's artistic knowledge, talent and psychological level to be fully developed. After entering adolescence, students' perception and other psychological levels are becoming more and more mature, and their subjective knowledge, interests and aspirations are gradually formed. Students who are really interested in art will naturally have the need to learn realistic painting. Ordinary people can catch up with or surpass the former after one year's study, and they will become more lively and artistic in imagination, thinking and invention.
5. At present, the concept of art education in schools has changed from emphasizing the teaching of techniques to improving the quality of aesthetic culture, and the aesthetic content has also been enhanced in art textbooks for primary and secondary schools, which has reduced the requirement for realism in painting. This is a major change in art education. There are many choices for extracurricular art activities, such as emphasizing creation, imparting skills, emphasizing realistic foundation, or emphasizing comprehensive skills, but teaching must also be organized according to students' psychological characteristics. Learning realistic sketches or other paintings too early is not good for developing children's psychological quality or developing painting skills.