Culture technology of herring in pond
I. Pond conditions
Choose a place with sufficient water, convenient irrigation and drainage, no pollution source, good ventilation and convenient transportation. Good water quality and transparency of 30-40cm.
Fish pond requirements:
Fish pond category area m2 water depth m sediment silt thickness Qingtang
Yumiaotang 667-2500 1- 1.5 flat soil < 20cm 15 days ago.
1 yr pond 2000-4000 1.5-2 < 30cm
Second instar pond 3500-5000 1.8-2.2
Adult fish pond 5000- 10000 2-2.5
A feeding field (or a feeding platform) should be designated for fish culture and adult fish culture ponds. The feeding field should be flat and free of silt and kept clean and hygienic all the year round.
Second, fry cultivation
Apply 6000-7000 kg/ha of green manure or 3000-4000 kg/ha of manure 5-7 days before sowing. Organic fertilizer should be fermented and decomposed, and disinfected with 1-2% lime. After 2-3 days of fertilization, the water depth will be deepened to 0.5 m, and after 5 days, it will be deepened to 0.6-0.7 m. When entering the water, it should be filtered with a dense mesh.
Third, stock trading.
Choose a sunny windward place and spray the film for 5-7 days. The stocking density is100-10.5 million strips/hectare, and the temperature difference does not exceed 2℃.
Fourth, feeding management.
Soymilk on day 1- 10 is 30kg/ ha in the first five days and 40kg/ ha in the last five days. After 10, it is increased as appropriate, twice a day, and evenly sprinkled in the whole pool. Add 15-20cm water every 5-7 days, and add it to the water depth 1.3- 1.5m when summer flowers leave the pond. According to the water quality of the aquaculture pond, appropriate topdressing. After about 25 days of cultivation, fry should be separated into pools, and 2-3 intensive exercises should be carried out before leaving the pool.
Five, 1 year-old fish culture
The stocking time is from summer to the day before, with 80-65438+100000 herring, 0/.80-20000 bighead carp and 5,000 crucian carp per hectare.
First, lure herring to the dining table with a small amount of concentrate, and then feed the bean cake slurry twice a day, 2-3 kg/time. Ten thousand fish, after 5cm, mixed with vegetable cake, after 7cm, pickled vegetable cake or bean cake, after 10cm, mixed with snail, 30kg/ ten thousand fish started, and then gradually increased.
When feeding, perform the "four determinations". Fixed point: feeding place, food table or food place; Schedule: twice a day, 8-9 am and 2-3 pm; Qualitative analysis: give high-quality fresh bait according to different growth stages; Quantification: each feeding is based on 1.5 hours, and the monthly feeding amount accounts for 4% in June, 23% in August, 25% in September, 10/5%,1655%. Food farms are often cleaned and disinfected to maintain hygiene. Water should be injected frequently to control moderate fertility and sufficient dissolved oxygen. Patrol the pond twice every morning and evening, observe carefully, arrange production according to the situation, and handle the diseases in time when they are found. Keep production records. When the temperature drops to 10-5℃, it should be taken out of the pond, merged into the pond and restocked. In winter, the density is 25g/m3. Change the water regularly, feed a small amount, keep quiet, and keep the water depth at 1.8-2m.
Cultivation of sixth, second and third instar fish species
Second-instar fish species: 1.5- 1.8/ 10,000 fish/hectare, 300,000 silver carp and bighead carp/hectare, 300 grass carp/hectare and 3,000 crucian carp/hectare.
Third-instar fish species: 5800-6200/ha, 300,000 silver carp and bighead carp, 300 grass carp and 3000 crucian carp.
Feeding is mainly animal bait, supplemented by plant bait, and compound bait can also be fed, and the bait should be fresh. In spring and autumn, digestible food should be appropriately increased, and the feeding area should be larger. Keep the water fresh, commonly use drugs to disinfect the market or use bait to prevent enteritis.
Seven, adult fish culture
1. Culture method: herring 1500- 1700 fish /kg crossed the pond, and silver carp, crucian carp and grass were cultured in the same pond.
2. Feeding management: inject water once every 10 day, and keep the water depth 2m.
3. Other production measures refer to fish farming.
Eight, fish disease prevention and control
Strictly disinfect the fish species before stocking, spray 1g/m3 of trichlorfon crystal once in the whole pond after entering the pond, and then regularly disinfect with 25ppm quicklime and 1ppm bleaching powder, and regularly feed drugs for preventing enteritis; The bait is fresh and delicious; Dead fish should be fished out of the deep buried soil in time, and the fishing gear used should be soaked and disinfected.
Herring mainly has the following diseases:
The main diseases are enteritis, with norfloxacin 30-50mg/kg fish weight/day, garlic 5- 10 g/kg fish weight/day and allicin 0.5 g/kg fish weight/day. On the first day, sulfaguanidine was 50 mg/kg of fish weight. Day (doubled for the first time) 6 days.
Nine. term
A 7-day-old young fish (larval fish) that has just broken out of the membrane.
After a month's cultivation, the summer flower larvae grow to fry more than 3 cm.
After more than three months of cultivation, 1 year-old summer flower fry grew up that year, with the specification of 25-50g/ fish.
The second-year-old fish (1 year-old fish) is a large fish with a specification of 250-500g/ fish.
The third-instar and second-instar fingerlings are reared for another year (that is, the third year), and the specification is 1250- 1750g/ tail.
Edible fish, 5kg/ fish, raised in the pond for another year (the fourth winter) and made into adult fish.
disease control
Salt has strong insecticidal and bactericidal effects, and is a commonly used drug to prevent and treat many fish diseases, especially those caused by bacteria, fungi and parasites, with remarkable effects. The prevention methods are described as follows.
1, prevention and treatment of bacterial fish diseases
Soak the fish 10 ~ 15 minutes with 3% salt water, or spray the whole pond with salt water with the concentration of 1 1 ~ 22.5 mg/L and the water depth of 1 m, and the salt consumption per mu is 7.5 ~/kloc-0. Adding 2.5% salt to the compound feed can prevent and treat herring enteritis. When trichlorfon and salt are used together, the effective rate of preventing the above three diseases of black carp can reach 100%, the early cure rate is over 90%, and the middle cure rate is about 80%. The method is to spray quicklime blocks in the whole pond with an average water depth of 1m per mu and a dosage of 20 kg, and then immediately spray a mixture of 90% crystal trichlorfon and salt, with trichlorfon 0.5-0.7 mg/L and salt 5-7 mg/L, and spray the whole pond with a sprayer with a screen removed. Early can be cured at one time; 2 ~ 3 times in a row in the middle period, every other day 1 time; Prevention once every 30 to 50 days. To prevent and treat enteritis, a small amount of mixture can be sprayed on the green feed in the straw rack, and the effect is better.
2. Prevention and treatment of water mold
Overwintering fish species or adult fish are often injured by manual operation, which can be cured by soaking in 30% salt solution 10 ~ 15 minutes.
3. Prevention and treatment of various parasitic diseases
Soak the summer fish with parasitic diseases in 3% salt solution, and all the trypanosoma died 1 min; Within 5 minutes, all Cryptomeria branchialis died; 10 minutes, rotifers, root worms and oral worms all died. The soaking time can be appropriately extended for fish with a density of 1 inch or more. Soak summer flower fish with parasitic diseases in 1.7% ~ 2% salt solution for 30 minutes, all the third generation worms and giant salamander died and all the fish lice fell off. One third of the original pond water is drained, then fresh water is injected, and the brine with the concentration of 5 ~ 7 mg/L is sprayed all over the pond, so that the fish bubble disease can be cured.
Prevention and treatment of fish diseases
Strictly disinfect the fish species before stocking, spray 1g/m3 of trichlorfon crystal once in the whole pond after entering the pond, and then regularly disinfect with 25ppm quicklime and 1ppm bleaching powder, and regularly feed drugs for preventing enteritis; The bait is fresh and delicious; Dead fish should be fished out of the deep buried soil in time, and the fishing gear used should be soaked and disinfected.
Herring mainly has the following diseases:
The main diseases are enteritis, norfloxacin is 30 ~ 50mg/kg fish weight/day, garlic is 5 ~ 10g/kg fish weight. Day, allicin 0.5g/kg fish weight. Jesus Christ. On the first day, sulfaguanidine was 50 mg/kg of fish weight. Day (doubled for the first time) 6 days.
Related terms
A 7-day-old young fish (larval fish) that has just broken out of the membrane.
After a month's cultivation, the summer flower larvae grow to fry more than 3 cm.
After more than three months of cultivation, 1 year-old summer flower fry grew up in the same year, with the specification of 25 ~ 50g/ fish.
Second-instar fish (1 year-old fish) is a large fish after second-instar culture, with the specification of 250-500g/ fish.
The third-instar and second-instar fingerlings are reared for another year (that is, the third year), and the specification is 1250 ~ 1750g/ tail.
Edible fish, 5kg/ fish, raised in the pond for another year (the fourth winter) and made into adult fish.
Dredging stone
Also known as Blackstone. Originated from the body of herring, it is yellow in color, heart-shaped, hard as stone, crystal clear and jade-like, and is regarded as a treasure in Hakka area. You can tie a string around your child's wrist. It is said that it has the functions of driving away evil spirits, preventing children from being frightened and accepting Fu Na Lu Na. Often used in fairy tales and online games for treasure hunting, it is a prop to ward off evil spirits and detoxify. For example, it is recorded in the novel "Ghost Blowing Lights" and the online game "Xia Ai 3". Herring stone is suspected to be used to help crush bone hyperplasia of hard foods such as snails.
Using salt skillfully to control herring diseases
Salt has strong insecticidal and bactericidal effects, and is a commonly used drug to prevent and treat many fish diseases, especially those caused by bacteria, fungi and parasites, with remarkable effects. The prevention methods are described as follows.
Bacterial fish disease
Soak fish 10 ~ 15 minutes with 3% salt water, or spray salt water on the whole pond, with the concentration of 1 1 ~ 22.5 mg/L and the water depth of 1 m, and the salt consumption per mu is 7.5 ~/kloc-0. Adding 2.5% salt to the compound feed can prevent and treat herring enteritis. When trichlorfon and salt are used together, the effective rate of preventing the above three diseases of black carp can reach 100%, the early cure rate is over 90%, and the middle cure rate is about 80%. The method is to spray quicklime blocks in the whole pond with an average water depth of 1m per mu and a dosage of 20 kg, and then immediately spray a mixture of 90% crystal trichlorfon and salt, with trichlorfon 0.5-0.7 mg/L and salt 5-7 mg/L, and spray the whole pond with a sprayer with a screen removed. Early can be cured at one time; 2 ~ 3 times in a row in the middle period, every other day 1 time; Prevention once every 30 to 50 days. To prevent and treat enteritis, a small amount of mixture can be sprayed on the green feed in the straw rack, and the effect is better.
Prevention and control of water mold
Overwintering fish species or adult fish are often injured by manual operation, which can be cured by soaking in 30% salt solution 10 ~ 15 minutes.
parasitosis
Soak the summer fish with parasitic diseases in 3% salt solution, and all the trypanosoma died 1 min; Within 5 minutes, all Cryptomeria branchialis died; 10 minutes, rotifers, root worms and oral worms all died. The soaking time can be appropriately extended for fish with a density of 1 inch or more. Soak summer flower fish with parasitic diseases in 1.7% ~ 2% salt solution for 30 minutes, all the third generation worms and giant salamander died and all the fish lice fell off. One third of the original pond water is drained, then fresh water is injected, and the brine with the concentration of 5 ~ 7 mg/L is sprayed all over the pond, so that the fish bubble disease can be cured.
Pond culture method
Pond preparation
The pond requires sufficient water, and the water quality is pollution-free. The water depth is 1.5m ~ 2.5m, and the area is 5 mu ~ 10 mu. The ridge of the pond is solid, impervious, sunny and flat, with little silt. Before stocking fish, remove excess sludge from the pond, freeze and expose to the sun for a few days, add 30 cm of water, then dissolve it with quicklime per mu 150 kg and spread it all over the pond. After filtering and injecting water every 2 ~ 3 days, soak it in 50 kg tea seed cake per mu for one day and night, and then spread it. At the same time, a power supply is required. Every 3 mu to 5 mu of water surface is equipped with 1 set of 3 kW impeller aerator and 1 set of bait feeder.
Fish stocking
After the toxicity of disinfection drugs disappears, filter and inject water to prevent wild fish from mixing into the pool. Fish should be stocked around the end of February, so that the water temperature is low and the scales of the fish are tight, and it is not easy to hurt the fish when pulling the net and carrying it. Stocking 200 ~ 250 second-aged herring with weight 1 kg per mu, blending 100 silver carp with weight of 0.3 kg, 50 bighead carp with weight of 0.05kg and 20 snakehead with weight of 0.05 kg. Before the fingerlings enter the pond, soak them in the mixed solution of copper sulfate (8 g/m2) and bleaching powder (1 g/m2) for 20-30 minutes, or disinfect them with 3%-5% salt water 15 minutes.
Feed feeding
The artificial compound feed with crude protein content greater than 30% was selected, and the feed particle size was 4 mm, and the length was 1.5 ~ 2 times the particle size. A feeding platform extending 3-4 meters to the center of the pond can be built with wooden boards and bamboo boards, and the herring population comes up to grab food through domestication, which gradually comes down to a fixed-point feeding platform with a feeding machine. The daily feeding rate can be March 1.5%, April 2.0%, May 3.0%, June 4.5%, July 5.5%, August 6.5%, September 5.0%,1October 65438+3.0%,1. Feed it three or four times a day [5].
Current management
1. Patrol the pond every morning and evening to check the water quality and observe the fish situation. From June to September, start the aerator at noon on sunny days 1 ~ 2 hours, and at midnight on rainy days. When the floating head is heavy, it must be turned on until dawn. 2. Water quality management: add fresh water regularly to make the water quality meet the requirements of "fat, fresh, tender and cool". In June, the whole pond is sprayed with quicklime 15 ~ 20 days (the dosage is 0/5 ~ 20 kg per mu/kloc-0). 3. The whole pond is sprayed with chlorine-containing preparations for preventing and treating fish diseases and disinfected, and drugs are added into the bait to make medicinal bait for feeding.
feed formula
(1) Hay powder 40%, silkworm chrysalis 30%, vegetable cake 10%, barley 20%, feed coefficient 3. The formula is provided by Zhejiang Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute.
(2) Green hay 40%, cotton cake 30%, bean cake 10%, rapeseed cake 5%, silkworm chrysalis 5%, fish meal 5% and Yuanmai 5%. The feed coefficient is 3. This formula is provided by Shanghai Fisheries College.
⑶ Soybean meal 47.5%, fish meal 35%, yeast 1%, inorganic salt 16.5%, feed coefficient 2.26. The formula is provided by Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute.
Carp is mixed with herring and carp. The pond area is about 10 mu, the water depth is 2-3 meters, the bottom of the pond is flat, preferably loam bottom, and the thickness of silt is 20-30 cm. The water source and water quality meet the standards of fishery water use and can be drained for irrigation. Masonry fly ash brick slope protection on conditional pond ridge.
The net yield of stocking mode is 750 kg, and the stocking amount per mu is 65438 050 kg, of which herring accounts for 42%, carp accounts for 65438 08% and carp accounts for 8. Carassius auratus 5%, grass carp 65438 0%, Megalobrama amblycephala 65438 09.5% and bighead carp 65438 09.5%. The area ratio of fish pond to adult fish pond is 2: 8. Adult fish ponds are mainly interplanted with fish species, while herring and bream are mainly cultured in special ponds, and the self-sufficiency rate of fish species in adult fish ponds accounts for more than 95%. The stocking time is from 65438+February to 65438+1October in the second year, and the pond is cleaned with quicklime, with quicklime 100 kg for dry water and 0/50 kg for wet water two weeks before stocking, so as to remove excess sludge and snail shells. Sludge is used as fertilizer for green feed crops. Before stocking 1 week, the pond was flooded to the depth of 1 meter, and then water was gradually added. The fry were disinfected with 10ppm bleaching powder, and the herring and grass carp were immunized against diseases. The ecological efficiency of this model is also high, with nitrogen conversion efficiency of 30.3% and net energy (auxiliary energy) conversion efficiency of 12.3%. It has the advantages of low oxygen consumption, less seeds, high weight gain and high benefit.
Based on the net yield of 1 mu pond of 750 kg, the feed ratio needs concentrate 1 125 kg (90% of wheat, 0/0% of cake/kloc), 7,050 kg of river snail (4,935 kg of net river snail), 300 kg of green feed and 500 kg of aquatic plants. Add appropriate amount of chicken manure in March to improve water quality. From April to June 165438+ 10, the feeding rates of wheat were 2%, 7%, 13%, 2 1%, 2 1%, 20% and/kloc-respectively. 7%, 13%, 15%, 2 1%, 2 1%, 17%, 6%, 0; Snails: 0, 7%, 8%, 19%, 20%, 20%, 19%, 7%; Forage 9%, 14%, 14%, 17%, 17%, 14%, 4%.
Management measures patrol the pond 1 time before dawn and evening every day, record the water temperature, and observe the water color and fish dynamics. During the night from June to September, the oxygen content in the pool water was predicted by floating head. Strengthen flood control in flood season. In early spring, the water depth of the pool was about 1 m, and then gradually deepened to more than 2 meters. According to the water quality, decide to inject water or change water. Generally, water is injected every half month from July to August 1 time, and less water can be injected after September. Feed reasonably, every morning and afternoon 1 time. Generally, forage and snails are fed in the morning and concentrated in the afternoon, and snails are fed after being crushed. In case of bad weather (sultry, thunderstorm, etc.), reduce or stop eating before taking the medicine. ) and fish diseases. When the phosphorus concentration in pond water is below 20 μ g/L, generally 2 kg of calcium superphosphate is applied per mu. The transparency of water body is controlled at 25 ~ 40 cm. From April to June, 65438+ 10, lightly disinfect with quicklime twice a month, with the dosage of 20kg per mu each time. Adjust the pH value to 7.3 ~ 7.8, and equip an aerator with 0.3 kW power per mu for aeration to improve water quality. During the feeding process, the fish, tools, feeding area and feed are disinfected. At the end of April, an external medicine and an internal medicine were used to prevent diseases. 90% crystal trichlorfon was sprayed in the whole pond at the concentration of 0.2 ~ 0.5 ppm, and enteritis spirit or Yufukang were taken orally, and mixed with bait for feeding. After May, spray 1 ~ 2 times a month with quicklime, bleaching powder or copper sulfate. Find fish diseases, diagnose them in time and prescribe the right medicine.