Urinary protein is one of the key indexes affecting the progress of nephropathy. If it has been in a state of fluctuation, it is very unfavorable to the stability of renal function. What living habits should we pay attention to and how to keep the urine protein stable?
First, we need to know what urine protein is. What are the reasons for high urinary protein?
Urine protein is protein in human urine. There are trace proteins in the urine of normal people, which are negative within the normal range and are (-); When the protein content in urine exceeds 150mg/24h, it is called proteinuria, and the index is abbreviated as PRO.
The protein content in urine is high, and these protein can not be absorbed by the body weight, but directly enter the urine and are discharged from the urethra, resulting in proteinuria. The higher the proteinuria, the worse the renal filtration function, which is an important index to measure renal function.
There are two main reasons for high urinary protein, namely physiological factors and pathological factors.
Physiological factors, such as strenuous exercise, heavy physical labor, mental factors, colds, high fever, eating a lot of high-protein food, etc. , will lead to an increase in the content of protein in urine, but the qualitative urine protein is generally less than+,which is called transient proteinuria. The increase of urinary protein caused by these factors generally does not need special treatment, and will return to normal within a period of time after the inducement is lifted.
The increase of urinary protein caused by disease will attract great attention. Kidney disease is the main cause of proteinuria, such as chronic nephritis, interstitial nephritis, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, lupus nephropathy and so on. These diseases will increase the permeability of glomerular filtration membrane, and make a large amount of protein flow out with urine, resulting in proteinuria.
In addition, multiple myeloma, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic rheumatoid arthritis, gout, edema and other mercury poisoning and lead poisoning diseases will also appear urine protein.
Taking gout as an example, gouty nephropathy is mainly developed from gout for a long time, which not only has a great influence on the joints of patients, but also damages the kidneys.
Early gouty nephropathy can cause low molecular weight proteinuria. Gout may involve the kidney when it gets worse, resulting in nocturia and low molecular weight proteinuria, which may cause renal insufficiency in the later stage. Therefore, symptoms such as gout should be treated as soon as possible, and drugs should be used rationally to control the development of the disease so as not to cause other harm to the body.
Proteinuria can also be classified according to composition and molecular weight. It can be divided into simple proteinuria and mixed proteinuria according to components. Simple proteinuria means that the patient's urine protein is mainly albumin; Mixed proteinuria refers to the fact that patients' urine contains immunoglobulin and small molecular protein in addition to albumin.
According to the molecular weight, it can be divided into four categories, namely glomerular proteinuria, tubular proteinuria, tissue proteinuria and overflow proteinuria. Their characteristics are also different.
Glomerular proteinuria means that the urine of most patients is mainly medium molecular albumin, which may be accompanied by small molecular proteins;
Renal tubular proteinuria means that most of patients' urine is small molecular proteinuria, such as lysozyme, urine α 1- microglobulin, etc.
Tissue proteinuria is caused by tissue injury in vivo;
Overflow urine protein is an abnormal protein with many small molecules in blood circulation. After glomerular filtration, it exceeds the reabsorption capacity of renal tubules and is excreted from urine, which is often a light chain protein caused by multiple osteochondromas.
In fact, having said so much, we don't need to worry too much. Proteinuria is only a symptom, not a specific disease. If the patient has proteinuria for a long time, it means that the renal function is seriously damaged and must be treated in time. However, some patients with proteinuria are easy to repeat after being cured. What is the reason?
Dietary disorder is one of the main causes of repeated proteinuria. Many patients feel that the urinary protein value has dropped, and they are in a normal state, so they relax their vigilance and often eat big fish and meat, which is not restrained at all.
Eating too much will make patients eat too much salt, protein and fat, increase the burden on the body, especially the burden of renal filtration, and reduce the protein function of glomerular filtration. If these metabolites can't be excreted in time, it will lead to the recurrence of proteinuria, so a low-fat low-protein low-salt diet must be achieved at ordinary times.
After the disappearance of proteinuria, many patients feel that their condition is stable and there is no discomfort, so they do not take the medicine on time according to the doctor's advice, but stop taking the medicine at will, which is likely to lead to the recurrence of proteinuria.
In the process of medication, the drug will be decomposed and released in the patient's body, which will play the role of drug and reduce the urine protein content. If the drug is stopped, the urine protein will rebound.
On the other hand, drugs can help patients improve their immunity and anti-inflammatory ability. Once the drug is stopped, the immune function and anti-inflammatory ability of patients will naturally decline, resulting in a series of problems.
Therefore, friends with kidney disease who are still taking medicine should not stop taking medicine or reduce the dosage at any time, otherwise it will not only hurt the kidneys.
For example, patients with kidney disease and hypertension should continue to maintain the original drug types and doses at all times, and one tablet (tablet) should not be less. Even if the patient's blood pressure has dropped to a normal state, patients with kidney disease can't stop taking drugs or reduce the dose.
Nephropathy patients who maintain normal blood pressure by taking antihypertensive drugs will increase their blood pressure again if they stop taking drugs or take less drugs. Hypertension rebound will not only aggravate the symptoms of nephropathy, but also affect cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, resulting in more serious consequences.
If the patient's immunity drops, it is easy to suffer from infectious diseases if he does not pay attention to physical care. When infected, the inflammatory substances in the kidney will become very active, causing serious damage to the kidney, and a large number of protein will appear in the urine.
Such as fever, cold, pneumonia, periodontitis, urinary tract infection and so on. All these diseases can induce the recurrence of proteinuria.
Take urinary tract infection as an example. Due to severe infection and fever, glomerular permeability may increase, and a small amount of protein will appear in urine. Long-term untreated, the kidney will be damaged by renal parenchyma, resulting in real proteinuria. This kind of proteinuria will lead to renal insufficiency, which will have a more serious impact on the kidneys.
Therefore, for infectious diseases, we should actively treat them, and don't wait until renal function declines, causing irreversible damage, which will be more passive.
What the kidneys fear most is physical overwork. Overwork and frequent staying up late may also induce repeated episodes of proteinuria. When people are tired, they will sweat a lot. At this time, if you eat some high-protein food, there may be a phenomenon of high urine protein. Therefore, even if the illness is under control, don't work overtime and stay up late. Pay attention to rest on time and ensure sleep.
Otherwise, it will lead to the decline of immunity and the recurrence of proteinuria. Therefore, patients with nephropathy should pay attention to the combination of work and rest. In order to prevent repeated proteinuria, patients usually have to master certain methods to keep urine protein within the normal range.
1. Keep a healthy and light diet
Patients' diet should be light, and foods with high oil and salt should be strictly controlled, especially the salt intake, which should generally not exceed 3g. Low-salt diet can effectively reduce intraglomerular pressure and reduce urinary protein by more than 20%.
We should also limit the intake of protein, as long as it meets the needs of the body. The daily supply of protein for patients with chronic kidney disease is about 36 grams. Recommend milk, lean meat and fish.
Low salt and low protein can be obtained from corn, wheat and rice to supplement enough carbohydrates to provide calories.
In addition, patients can eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, such as tomatoes, leeks or hawthorn, to supplement vitamins C and B needed by the body; Milk and its products, shrimp skin, sesame sauce, kelp and other calcium-rich foods can also be eaten in moderation.
2. Moderate exercise to improve immunity, but also a combination of work and rest.
Proteinuria means kidney damage. In order to prevent repeated proteinuria, we must keep proper exercise. Moderate exercise is good for patients' health, which can improve immunity, strengthen disease resistance, promote blood circulation and improve kidney health.
But it is better to choose the correct exercise mode, not strenuous exercise, but slow exercise, which is better for the health of patients. You can choose jogging, cycling and other sports, but you should also pay attention to rest while exercising to avoid overwork and combine work and rest.
3. Go to the hospital for reexamination regularly.
Go to the hospital for reexamination regularly to avoid the change of the condition and find out whether proteinuria recurs in time. In order to prevent serious damage to renal function, patients should be reexamined every three months, and long-term inspection and monitoring will help patients to see clearly the changes of their condition, find abnormalities and seize the best treatment period.
In addition, patients with hypertension should also pay attention to maintaining the stability of blood pressure, which will bring serious harm to renal function. When blood pressure rises, it means that a lot of water and sodium are trapped in the body. If it continues to rise, it will affect the blood circulation of the kidney, thus accelerating the process of glomerular fibrosis, reducing the glomerular filtration function and leading to proteinuria.
Patients with hypertension should choose antihypertensive drugs under the guidance of doctors and protect their kidneys to avoid being damaged by drugs.
Urine protein is high, always repeated. If you want to maintain a normal state, you still need patients and friends to be vigilant at all times, eat reasonably, exercise moderately, check regularly, maintain blood pressure, do these seemingly simple things well, and do a good job in prevention, so as to better prevent the recurrence of proteinuria.