(1) sewing machine
Sewing machines for sewing pressure suits and fixing belts are usually straight and zigzag, which can be common or electric.
(2) Heating furnace
Used for pressing pad and heating setting, the temperature can reach 140 degrees Celsius. If there is no heating furnace, you can use an electric iron or a hot air gun instead.
(3) Knife
Including scissors, paper cutters and thread cutters, which are mainly used for shearing pressure cloth, adhesive tapes and low-temperature thermoplastic plates; The thread cutter is used for cutting sewing thread; The paper cutter mainly cuts a gap on the pressure pad to ensure the fit and not affect the activity.
(4) Ruler
Comprise a soft ruler for measure that circumference of limbs and a ruler for drawing.
2. Common materials
(1) bandage pressure method material elastic bandage self-adhesive bandage tubular bandage silicone elastic bandage gauze, etc.
(2) Pressure clothing materials, pressure cloth zippers, fastener tapes, etc.
(3) The pressure pad is made of sponge plastic, sponge weak adhesive, silica gel, transparent plastic elastic tape adhesive, etc.
(4) Scaffolding is made of low-temperature thermoplastic plates, hook-and-loop steel wire screws, etc.
(2) Production steps
The production of pressure suit includes measurement, calculation, drawing, cutting, sewing, fitting, adjustment and follow-up.
1. size
Pressure suits need to be tailored to ensure the most suitable pressure. Therefore, it is very important to accurately measure the circumference of limbs in scar area and the length and width of the covered part of pressure suit with tape measure. Hold both ends of the tape measure with both hands and straighten it. When measuring the circumference, the tape measure should not be too loose or too tight. There are different ways to measure different parts with a measuring pen. The following sections of this chapter will introduce in detail that general landmarks or special parts (such as muscle fullness at joints) need to be measured and recorded, and there is no special part (such as forearm).
2. Calculation and drawing
According to the style and pressure of the required pressure clothing, the size of the required pressure material is calculated. The size of the pattern (drawing) is usually achieved by controlling the shrinkage rate, which is the ratio of the measured size to the required size, where L 1 represents the measured length, L represents the length used in cutting, and△L represents the part to be reduced (that is, △ L = L65433), and n% is taken as the shrinkage rate. Then the size of the pressure cloth is l = l1(1+n%) = 22.0/(1+10%) = 2 ~ 3mm. Because the forearm sleeve is divided into two pieces, the size of each piece is 10cm (see table 65438 for the commonly used shrinkage rate table).
Table 16-3-4 selection of shrinkage and its clinical application
(2) Drawing pattern: When drawing the pattern as shown in Figure 16-3-33, it should be noted that the shrinkage of cefgh line is 0, and the shrinkage of other lines is 5%~ 10%.
Figure 16-3-33 Manufacture of pressure head cover
2. The pressure cuff (1) measures the patient's standing position, and the therapist fixes a soft ruler in front of the patient, and measures the data below the midline of the patient's back (starting from C7, that is, the zero scale of the soft ruler corresponds to C7) and records it (Figure 16-3-36):① Neck circumference a; 2 shoulder width: left and right shoulder width b front shoulder width c rear shoulder width d; ③ The first girth of trunk is e; (4) Trunk circumference f below 5cm; 5 waist circumference g; ⑥ Hip circumference h; ⑦ The first girth of upper limb I; ⑧ The arm circumference j is below 5CM; 9. The distance k from C7(A) to the first circumference (e) of the trunk; Attending the length l(I) from acromion to the first arm circumference.
Figure 16-3-36 pressure coating measurement
Fig. 16-3-38 pressure jacket sleeve drawing
(3) Tailor: Fix the pattern on the press cloth and cut out the front and back pieces of the trunk respectively (note that only half of the front and back pieces in the pattern are drawn, and pay attention to cutting out the complete front and back pieces when cutting cloth).
According to the patient's situation, determine the location and position of installing the zipper, sew the zipper first, then sew the front sleeve and the back sleeve on the front trunk and the back trunk respectively, and then sew the front trunk and the front sleeve and the back sleeve, and preferably wrap the collar, so that the whole pressure jacket is completed (Figure 16-3-39).
Figure 16-3-39 Completion of Pressure Jacket
4. Pressure glove hand burn is the most direct burn, with the highest incidence, the highest disability rate and the greatest impact on function. Improper early treatment will leave serious dysfunction. The most important treatment of hand burn is to prevent and treat complications such as edema, scar hyperplasia, contracture and dislocation. Pressure therapy is the most effective method to prevent hand swelling, inhibit scar hyperplasia and prevent joint contracture and dislocation. It should be implemented as soon as possible and last for a long time. Hand-pressed clothes are the most commonly used, but the manufacturing process is complicated.
(1) Measure the extension position of fingers, straighten and abduct each finger (Figure 16-3-42). Measure and record the following values with a soft ruler: ① wrist circumference of palm stripe (AB); ② thenar circumference length (c); ③ The distance from the thumb root to the palmar striation (D) and the distance to the wrist striation (E); ④ The circumference (fg) at the fingertip of each finger root and the distance (h) from the finger root to the fingertip; ⑤ The circumference of 5cm above the wrist striation.
Figure 16-3-42 Measurement of pressure gloves
(2) Drawing samples (see figure 16-3-43)
1) Keep your hand straight, put your palm down on a piece of white paper, draw the shape of your hand with a pencil and mark the position of thenar palm and wrist lines.
2) Draw from the middle point to both sides, and find out the middle point of the middle finger and the vertical line AB, | CE | =| CF | = (f-2)/2, | DG | = | DH | = (g-2)/2 [Note: generally speaking, there are many seams on the finger, so there is no need to apply extra pressure, so the shrinkage rate is 0.
3) Draw the ring finger and the little finger of the index finger from the middle to both sides in the same way [Note that the index finger and the little finger only need a sticker, so it should be |CE|=|CF|=(f- 1)/2/2, | DG | = | DH | = (g-1)/2.
4) Take the midpoint m of the vertical distance between the index finger and the little finger, make a vertical line MN and intersect with the palmar striation, and make a line segment along both sides of the palmar striation with point m as the midpoint, and the length of the line segment is equal to a? 2? (1+10%) (10% is shrinkage)
5) Draw line segments on the vertical line MN corresponding to the wrist and 5cm above the wrist to make them equal to b/2/( 1+ 10%) and i/2/( 1+ 10%) respectively.
6) Draw a vertical line at the radial side of the index finger 1/3, and intersect with the palmar striation at the X point.
7) The wrist transverse stripes upward 1cm (for adults) or 0.5cm (for children) are straight lines parallel to the wrist transverse stripes and intersect with the middle axis of the middle finger at Y point.
8) If you draw a drop-shaped figure with XY as the central axis, half the length of this figure is equal to C/( 1+ 10%) (Note: the inner half of the drop must not exceed the central axis of the whole palm).
9) Thumb pattern (Figure 16-3-44)
Figure 16-3-44
5. Pressure pants
(1) Measure the patient's standing position, hold his head up and chest out. The therapist will measure and record the following data with a soft ruler on one side of the patient's eyes: ① waist circumference a; ② Hip circumference b; ③ The distance from waist circumference to hip circumference is C 1C2(C 1 is the lateral length from waist circumference to hip circumference, C2 is the back length); (4) the first thigh circumference d; (5) The circumference e of every 5cm below the first circumference; ⑥ Knee circumference F (Figure 16-3-46)
Figure 16-3-46 Measurement of Pressure Pants
(3) cloth cutting and sewing
Draw two front pieces and two back pieces according to the pattern and cut them out. Pay attention to the elastic direction at this time. When sewing, sew two front pieces and two back pieces respectively, and then sew the front and back pieces to form a complete pair of pressure pants (Figure 16-3-48).
Figure 16-3-48 Completion Drawing of Pressure Pants
7. pressure socks
(1) measurement (see figure 16-3-5 1)
The patient takes a sitting or standing position, steps on a piece of white paper, draws the outline of the foot perpendicular to the white paper, marks the position of metatarsophalangeal joint and arch, and measures and records the following data: ① the width a of the foot surface at the metatarsophalangeal joint; ② circumference of B arch; ③ girth c of 5cm upward from the thinnest part of the calf; ④ girth d at the thinnest part of ankle; ⑤ Ankle circumference (anterior ankle E, posterior ankle F); ⑥ Distance g from ankle to thinnest part; ⑦ Distance h from ankle to ground
Draw a paper sample
The pattern of pressure socks consists of three parts: sole (figure 16-3-52), back (figure 16-3-53) and front (figure 16-3-54). When drawing a pattern, you need to pay attention to the vertical line (G line) without pressure.
Figure 16-3-5 1 Measurement of pressure socks
(3) Cutting and sewing
When sewing, sew the front and rear pieces first, and then sew with the negative. The finished product is shown in figure 16-3-55 16-3-56.
Figure 16-3-55 Completing the pressure socks