The reason was that Iraq invaded Kuwait. With the help of the United States, Iraq was defeated and Kuwait was rescued.
The cause of the Gulf War was influenced by the result.
Cause: Iraq wants to develop the country rapidly.
What happened: Iraq attacked Kuwait, so the United States joined forces with multinational forces to carry out encirclement and suppression.
Result: "Iraq withdraws its troops and accepts sanctions.
Influence: It reflects the revolutionary changes of the development of human social productive forces, especially the development of cutting technology on the characteristics of war.
The reason for that outbreak of the second Gulf war!
Man /GB/ Ji Guo Valve 209/ 10482/
What are the characteristics of the Gulf War?
Hello.
1980 to 1988 During the Iran-Iraq war, Iraq owed debts to some countries, of which the debt owed to Kuwait was1400 million US dollars. Iraq hopes that the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) will reduce oil production, raise oil prices and repay its debts after making profits.
Why did the Gulf War break the world pattern? What is the reason?
Comments on the Gulf War
The Gulf War is the biggest local war in the world after the Second World War. This war is the product of a specific era. It profoundly reflects the basic contradictions in the world in the late 1980s and is the inevitable result of the local intensification of these contradictions. It embodies the revolutionary changes in the characteristics of war caused by the development of human social productive forces, especially science and technology; It shows many new characteristics of the operational style produced by the application of new operational means and operational ideas to the war.
The Gulf War is the first modern local war after the end of the Cold War. In the late 1980s, with the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union and the global strategic contraction of the former Soviet Union, the world situation began to undergo the most profound changes after the war. The 40-year-old Cold War between the East and the West was broken, and the Yalta system, as the pillar of the post-war world strategic pattern, began to collapse. The main contradiction in the world, that is, the contradiction between the United States and the Soviet Union for world hegemony, has gradually declined in its leading position and role in international affairs. This situation makes the world enter a transitional period in which the old and new models alternate. On the one hand, it has created favorable conditions for peace and development, on the other hand, it has also brewed and produced new contradictions and unstable factors. The Gulf War happened in such a big background.
Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait violated the norms of international law and was universally condemned by the international community. As far as a part of the world is concerned, this is the product of the imbalance of power in the Middle East and the result of Iraq's pursuit of regional hegemony. But as far as the world is concerned, this incident has also impacted the strategic interests of relevant countries.
First, challenge the global strategy of the United States to seek a new hegemonic position in the process of establishing a new world order;
Secondly, it poses a threat to the economic interests of western developed countries, which is manifested in their thirst for oil resources in the Middle East;
Third, it has added instability to the already tense situation in the Middle East, causing strong anxiety and opposition from countries in the region.
It is these fierce conflicts between political and economic interests that lead to the outbreak of war that cannot be solved by political means. As a continuation of politics, the Gulf War achieved the political goal of the victors to a certain extent. Kuwait has been restored, and the position of the United States in the western world and the Middle East has been strengthened to some extent; The oil interests of western developed countries have been guaranteed; On the surface, the pattern of the Middle East has returned to the pre-war state.
However, as a local war, the Gulf War did not and could not fundamentally solve all the basic contradictions in the world that triggered this war. After the war, due to the expansion of American hegemonism, the struggle between hegemony and anti-hegemony became more prominent in the process of establishing a new world order. After achieving the same goal, western developed countries all want to gain tangible benefits in the establishment of the post-war Middle East pattern and the reconstruction of Kuwait. On the basis of existing friction, contradictions are difficult to bridge; The economy of developing countries in the third world has been hit by oil, which makes the unequal relationship between these countries and developed countries in economic development more prominent and the contradiction between North and South intensified. The Middle East is still a key struggle area in the process of establishing a new world order, and various forces are rearranged and combined, and the existing contradictions are more complicated; Countries all over the world have re-recognized the position and role of military forces from this war, and the momentum of strengthening armaments has developed, and the contradiction between war and peace has added new content.
The Gulf War indicates that the high-tech era of war has arrived. In several local wars before the Gulf War, the characteristics of high-tech wars have begun to appear, and the most prominent symbol is the use of high-tech weapons. However, in terms of widespread use, none of those wars can be compared with the Gulf War. During the Gulf War, the high-tech weapons used by multinational forces, especially the US military, covered almost all aspects of land, sea and air, including military satellites, global positioning systems, precision guided munitions, night vision equipment, new tanks, stealth aircraft, cruise missiles, air defense missile systems, electronic warfare weapons, military computers, C3I systems and so on. The use of high-tech weapons has led to many unprecedented situations in the war. For example, in previous wars, American tanks had to find hidden objects first, stop and aim before firing, and the probability of hitting targets 2000 meters away at night was almost zero. In the Gulf War, M- 1A tanks can not only drive on the road ... >>
What is the cause, process and result of the Gulf War?
Gulf, the abbreviation of Persian Gulf, is located in central West Asia. The countries around the Gulf are the main oil producing areas in the world, and their strategic position is outstanding. 1In August, 990, the Gulf War, the largest local war in the world after the war, broke out in this region. This war has had a far-reaching impact on the establishment of a new international order after the Cold War. At the same time, the new situation and new characteristics of modern high-tech operations have brought many inspirations to military strategy, campaign tactics and army building.
The Gulf War was triggered by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. Historically, due to various reasons, Iraq and Kuwait have disputed the border issue. In the late 1980s, with the end of the Iran-Iraq war and the disintegration of the world bipolar system, the dispute between Iraq and Kuwait became prominent again. As far as Iraq is concerned, the main reason is that it hopes to realize the rapid development of the country under the new international situation, specifically, to solve the problem of seaport that has plagued it for a long time, to forgive the huge debts owed in the Iran-Iraq war and to become a big country in the Gulf region. 1990 In July, after a series of demands to Kuwait were rejected, Iraq made up its mind to annex Kuwait by force.
1 990 On the morning of August 2nd1(Kuwait time), after careful preparation, three Iraqi divisions and the National Guard crossed the Iraq-Kuwait border and launched a surprise attack on Kuwait. At the same time, a special operations force carried out a helicopter attack on Kuwait City from the sea. At dawn, two opposing forces began to attack the targets in the city. The Emir of Kuwait, Jaber Al-Sabah, and some members of the royal family fled to a nearby American warship in a hurry. Amir's brother Prince Fahd was killed in the battle to defend the palace. At 9 o'clock in the morning, the Iraqi army basically controlled Kuwait City. At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, Iraqi troops occupied all the territory of Kuwait.
Iraq's invasion of Kuwait shocked the world. The United Nations has repeatedly passed resolutions against Iraq's invasion of Kuwait and imposed sanctions on Iraq. The strongest reaction is the western countries headed by the United States, which have great economic interests in the Gulf region. On August 2 and 3, US President Bush presided over a plenary meeting of the National Security Council to study countermeasures. The meeting finally decided to take large-scale military deployment to force Iraq to withdraw its troops and prepare for military strikes when necessary. According to this spirit, the central headquarters of the U.S. military, which is in charge of defense in the Middle East, has formulated the "Desert Shield" action plan. At 2 am (Eastern Time) on August 7, President Bush officially approved the plan.
The "Desert Shield" action plan is to deploy troops to the Gulf region in two stages. In the first stage, 240,000 troops and their organizational equipment will be deployed within three to four months (17 weeks), so that the troops of the US military and other troop-contributing countries in the region are roughly equal to those of the Iraqi army. In the second stage, we will continue to increase our troops according to the development of the situation, so that our troops can reach a level sufficient to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait. In the first stage of deployment, according to the situation that the Iraqi army may launch an attack on Saudi Arabia in a short time, the rapid reaction force and air strike force will be deployed in Jubail and Dharan in Saudi Arabia to establish mechanical defense, and the strategy of "exchanging space for time" will be adopted to block the possible attacks of the Iraqi army and ensure that the follow-up troops will arrive and deploy one after another.
After the plan was determined, the US military formulated a specific deployment plan to maximize the dispatch of strategic transportation tools under the jurisdiction of the Transportation Command, mobilize reserve and civilian transportation forces, and recruit and organize reserves. Other troop-contributing countries have also started their own deployment operations. After intense action, the two stages of provincial offices ended on June 8 +0 1 respectively. At that time, the total strength of the US military in the Gulf region reached 430,000, including 260,000 in the army, 50,000 in the navy, 40,000 in the air force and 80,000 in the marine corps. The main weapons and equipment are: 1200 tanks, 2,000 armored vehicles, 1300 combat aircraft, 1500 helicopters and 100 warships.
The total number of troops sent by other countries reached 500 thousand. Some non-troop-contributing countries provided weapons and equipment, ships, planes and medical teams. With the deployment of national armies, it is increasingly necessary to establish a unified and coordinated command organization. In mid-August, a coordinated operational command organization was established at the highest level of the multinational force through consultation. In principle, all the troops in the theater are under the unified command of Lieutenant General Khalid, commander of the Saudi Armed Forces, and General schwarzkopf, commander of the US Central Command, but the troops of various countries receive orders and instructions from their respective highest authorities.
Facing the invasion of American and other countries, and the international ... >; & gt
How did the Gulf War break out?
199 1 The first Gulf War broke out at the beginning was 14, and the second Gulf War started in 2003 was more than two years ago.
The dust of the war has basically settled.
Let's start with the protagonist of these two wars, the United States of America.
The first time; The root cause of the outbreak of the Gulf War
First, the subtle oil plot.
1, American lifestyle
There are many netizens who like to talk about the United States on the forum, but not many really understand the United States. I often hear people talk about the American way of life. Hehe, speaking of which, someone may have started to drool.
Let's start with the American way of life.
Someone once said that America is a child spoiled by God. Although there are many ironic elements in this sentence, it makes sense to think about it carefully.
200 years ago, the United States attracted brave and knowledgeable gold prospectors from all over the world with its vast and fertile land. One Atlantic Ocean and the other Pacific Ocean cleverly separated the United States from the wars on the European continent and the sufferings of the Asian-African colonies. Rich resources and relatively stable environment enable Americans to give full play to the creativity of immigrants and live a rich and even luxurious life. Luxury is the greatest feature of American lifestyle.
American way of life is based on Chinese characters. Big house, big car, big factory, big refrigerator, and finally big energy consumption. In short, the American way of life is based on a strong demand for resources.
The more advanced science and technology, the better the quality of life of Americans, and the more urgent the thirst for resources. This sense of urgency has led the United States to an endless greed for resources.
2. American oil conglomerates
Oil is the blood of modern industry, and its importance plays an irreplaceable role in all resources. The plot of oil in the United States can be described by a popular song "Like a mouse loves rice"
When it comes to oil, first of all, I want to tell you what's wrong with economics.
Oil is the price of crude oil, but not the original value of crude oil. Because crude oil is a non-renewable resource, its value is difficult to estimate, but the oil price we see now is more just the oil price calculated on the basis of cost price. Excluding the value of oil itself. The current oil price contains different cost components, including production cost, transportation cost, sales cost and "OPEC tax"
Among them, the production cost is the cost difference caused by different geological conditions and geographical locations, which is similar to the difference between a good place and a second place. For example, the cost of oil production in Iraq is only $2.50 per barrel, while that in China is about $65,438+$0.50 per barrel. Generally speaking, the Middle East will not exceed $5 per barrel. The part above the cost is called "rent". The rent is divided into two parts. Part is the so-called "differential rent". In the case of competition, the price of oil is set at $65,438+$07.5 per barrel. /kloc-the difference between $0/7.5 and $2.5 is the differential rent of Iraqi oil fields. The rent without differential rent is the so-called "economic rent", that is, the rent caused by the scarcity of resources and the price increase caused by the restriction of production by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Who will enjoy the rent is a political issue, because no one pays the labor, and the distribution to whom depends on the negotiating strength. For example, if the price of a barrel of oil in the international market is 60 dollars, the cost is 5 yuan, and the differential rent is 15 yuan, then the economic rent is at least 30 dollars. It can be seen that the profit of petroleum products is high. It seems unfair if the economic rent is enjoyed by oil companies. Because this has nothing to do with the investment of enterprises. Since this kind of rent helps human beings to use oil more effectively, but it cannot be achieved by relying on the market system, then collecting oil rent is an action to realize a collective action, and there is a corresponding cost. This should be made by a super enterprise. But there is no unified nation-state in this world. How to allocate this kind of economic rent depends on the national strength and the international political pattern.
Because of the vital position of oil in modern economy, how to allocate the economic rent of oil involves the cost of using oil in different countries and the international competitiveness of countries. Because the United States and other western countries have huge multinational oil companies, control a large number of oil fields, oil pipelines, oil sales channels and refineries, and share a large number of oil companies brought about by rising prices. & gt
The Cause, Process, Result and Influence of the Gulf War
The main purpose of Iraq's occupation of Kuwait is to write off the huge debts owed to Kuwait by seizing Kuwait and use this "treasury" to solve the serious crisis brought to the national economy by the eight-year Iran-Iraq war; The occupation of Kuwait can extend its coastline from 50 kilometers to 265,438+03 kilometers, thus greatly improving the activities of its navy and the sea passages for oil export and other foreign trade; Through the annexation of Kuwait, the long-standing border dispute between the two countries and the oil development dispute in the border areas caused by it can be solved; Taking Kuwait as an example can also serve as a deterrent to Gulf countries and other countries in the Middle East, paving the way for them to compete for world leadership and dominate the Middle East. Iraq's armed occupation of Kuwait triggered the Gulf crisis and became the direct fuse of the Gulf War.
Oil is the "blood" of the world economic development, and it is also the driving force of the modern army. If Iraq annexed Kuwait and then occupied Saudi Arabia, it would control more than half of the world's oil resources, which would be like blocking the throats of major western industrial countries. Saddam can use his oil weapons to manipulate the economic development of western industrial countries, and then he can tell them what to do. This is absolutely intolerable for the United States and other major industrial countries. In addition, Kuwait is a rare rich country in the world. Its overseas assets exceed $654.38 billion, and it also holds tens of billions of dollars of shares in important western industries. If these assets are taken away by Iraq, it will also cause huge losses to the western economy.
According to post-war statistics, in this war, 38 of the 43 Iraqi divisions were severely damaged or annihilated, 62,000 people were captured, 3,847 tanks, 1.450 armored transport vehicles, 29 1.07 guns were destroyed or captured, and 1.07 planes were shot down. As for the multinational force, 126 people were killed, including 79 Americans, more than 300 injured, and 12 people were missing. There is controversy about the number of casualties in the Gulf War. The death toll of allied forces may be 378, of which 148 were killed by American troops in the war and 145 were killed by non-war. 47 British troops were killed, 40 * * troops were killed and 2 French troops lost. The largest number of allied casualties occurred on February 25th, 199 1, when an Iraqi Scud missile hit an American barracks, killing 28 American reservists. Allied casualties may be less than 1000. The number of casualties in Iraq is controversial. Some estimates say less than 65,438+0,500 people died, while others say about 200,000 people died. Most scholars believe that the death toll is between 25,000 and 75,000. The number of injured people is also unknown. The number of Iraqis captured by American troops is 7 1 000. Estimates of civilian deaths in Iraq range from 65,438,000 to 200,000. In addition, the post-war situation led to more Iraqi deaths. For example, the bomb contains 300 tons of depleted uranium, which is a heavy metal that may cause cancer (although this is also controversial). After the war, the incidence of cancer among Iraqi children increased fourfold. Post-war sanctions against Iraq may also lead to the death of about 2 million people, half of whom are children. From the end of the Gulf War to the beginning of the US-Iraq War, the US and British air forces attacked the no-fly zone in Iraq and its vicinity almost every month. Among the 43 army divisions deployed by Iraq in Kuwait War Zone, 36-38 divisions lost their combat effectiveness, with 8.5-65,438+million casualties, 86,000 prisoners, 3,874 tanks, 65,438+0.450 armored vehicles, 2,965,438 artillery pieces and 324 aircraft (including 65 detained by Iran) Iraq lost more than $200 billion and the United States spent $60 billion.
The Gulf War is the first large-scale local war after the collapse of the world bipolar system and the end of the Cold War. It profoundly reflects the changes of various contradictions in the transition of the world to a new pattern, which is the result of the local intensification of these contradictions. It embodies the revolutionary changes in the characteristics of war caused by the development of human social productive forces, especially science and technology, mainly as follows: weapons and equipment are built on the basis of highly intensive technology; The attack mode is no longer based on mass killing, but on the basis of relatively reduced destructive power, highlighting the accuracy of the attack; The scope and process of the whole war are regarded as a complete system, and the synergy and timeliness of the war are unprecedented. It also shows many new features of the operational style produced by the application of new operational means and operational ideas to the war, mainly ..... >; & gt
What about the Gulf War?
Gulf War,199117 ~ February 28th, the multinational coalition forces led by the United States went to war against Iraq under the authorization of the United Nations Security Council to restore Kuwait's territorial integrity.
Gulf, the abbreviation of Persian Gulf, is located in central West Asia. The countries around the Gulf are the main oil producing areas in the world, and their strategic position is outstanding. 1In August, 990, the Gulf War, the largest local war in the world after the war, broke out in this region. This war has had a far-reaching impact on the establishment of a new international order after the Cold War. At the same time, the new situation and new characteristics of modern high-tech operations have brought many inspirations to military strategy, campaign tactics and army building.
cause
The Gulf War was triggered by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. Historically, due to various reasons, Iraq and Kuwait have disputed the border issue. In the late 1980s, with the end of the Iran-Iraq war and the disintegration of the world bipolar system, the dispute between Iraq and Kuwait became prominent again. As far as Iraq is concerned, the main reason is that it hopes to realize the rapid development of the country under the new international situation, specifically, to solve the problem of seaport that has plagued it for a long time, to forgive the huge debts owed in the Iran-Iraq war and to become a big country in the Gulf region. 1in mid-July, 1990, due to oil policy, territorial disputes, debts and other issues, the disputes between Iraq and Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates suddenly became public. 1990 In July, after a series of demands to Kuwait were rejected, Iraq made up its mind to annex Kuwait by force.
Iraq invaded Kuwait
1 990 On the morning of August 2nd1(Kuwait time), after careful preparation, three Iraqi divisions and the National Guard crossed the Iraq-Kuwait border and launched a surprise attack on Kuwait. At the same time, a special operations force carried out a helicopter attack on Kuwait City from the sea. At dawn, two opposing forces began to attack the targets in the city. The Emir of Kuwait, Jaber Al-Sabah, and some members of the royal family fled to a nearby American warship in a hurry. Amir's brother Prince Fahd was killed in the battle to defend the palace. At 9 o'clock in the morning, the Iraqi army basically controlled Kuwait City. At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, Iraqi troops occupied all the territory of Kuwait. And classified Kuwait as its 19 province.
United Nations sanctions
Iraq's invasion of Kuwait shocked the world. The United Nations has repeatedly passed resolutions against Iraq's invasion of Kuwait and imposed sanctions on Iraq. The strongest reaction is the western countries headed by the United States, which have great economic interests in the Gulf region. On August 2 and 3, US President Bush presided over a plenary meeting of the National Security Council to study countermeasures. The meeting finally decided to take large-scale military deployment to force Iraq to withdraw its troops and prepare for military strikes when necessary. According to this spirit, the central headquarters of the U.S. military, which is in charge of defense in the Middle East, has formulated the "Desert Shield" action plan. At 2 am (Eastern Time) on August 7, President Bush officially approved the plan.
The "Desert Shield" action plan is to deploy troops to the Gulf region in two stages. In the first stage, 240,000 troops and their organizational equipment will be deployed within three to four months (17 weeks), so that the troops of the US military and other troop-contributing countries in the region are roughly equal to those of the Iraqi army. In the second stage, we will continue to increase our troops according to the development of the situation, so that our troops can reach a level sufficient to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait. In the first stage of deployment, according to the situation that Iraqi troops may attack Saudi Arabia in a short time, first, rapid reaction forces and air strike forces were deployed in Jubail and Dhahran of Saudi Arabia to establish mobile defense, and the strategy of "exchanging space for time" was adopted to block the possible attacks by Iraqi troops and ensure the subsequent troops to arrive and deploy one after another.
After the plan was determined, the US military formulated a specific deployment plan to maximize the dispatch of strategic transportation tools under the jurisdiction of the Transportation Command, mobilize reserve and civilian transportation forces, and recruit and organize reserves. Other troop-contributing countries have also initiated their own deployment operations. After intense action, the two phases of deployment ended on June 8, respectively, 1 1. At that time, the total strength of the US military in the Gulf region reached 430,000, including 260,000 in the army, 50,000 in the navy, 40,000 in the air force and 80,000 in the marine corps. The main weapons and equipment are: 1200 tanks, 2,000 armored vehicles, 1300 combat aircraft, 1500 helicopters and 100 warships.
Together with other countries, the total number of troops dispatched reached 500,000. Some non-troop-contributing countries provided weapons and equipment, ships, planes and medical teams. Government departments in various countries ... >>