Also known as: "disease number five. This is an acute febrile infectious disease caused by virus, which is mainly transmitted through digestive tract and respiratory tract.
(1) Symptoms: blisters and spots appear on the oral mucosa (that is, the inner wall) and hoof, and the hoof shell falls off in severe cases. When the body temperature of sick cattle rises, the bubbles do not burst, but after the bubbles burst, the body temperature drops to normal temperature.
(2) Prevention and treatment: Every southern area is a frequent area of this disease. Therefore, inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus is used for immunization, and the immunization period is half a year. When sick cows are found, isolation and enclosure disinfection measures should be taken immediately. The dead cow's body should be buried deep. Strengthen the care of sick cows, feed digestible porridge and tender grass, and drink plenty of water. Clean the mouth and hoof shell with 0. 1% potassium permanganate or 1%-5% boric acid.
Second, anthrax.
This is an acute, febrile and septic infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, which mostly occurs in summer.
(1) Symptoms: At the early stage of the disease, the temperature of the sick cattle rose to 42 degrees, appetite and rumination stopped, breathing was extremely difficult, and the mucosa was purple with bleeding spots. Early constipation, late diarrhea with blood, some died within a few hours. The subacute condition is relieved, and the symptoms appear swelling or even necrosis in various parts of the body surface, such as the skin of throat, neck, chest, abdomen, shoulder nail and other parts, as well as rectal and oral mucus. After death, rumen flatulence, colored foam from mouth, nose, ears, eyes and anus, and bleeding spots appeared in mucosa and subcutaneous tissue.
(2) Prevention and control: cattle are injected with non-toxic anthrax spore vaccine or No.2 anthrax spore vaccine once a year for prevention. For sick cattle, early use of antibiotics and sulfonamides is effective. Adult cattle can be injected with penicillin 100-30000000 units each time, four times a day, and the later treatment has little effect.
Third, neonatal calf viral diarrhea
The disease is an acute diarrhea syndrome of newborn calves caused by various viruses. It usually infects newborn calves for about a week. It can be transmitted through the feces and respiratory tract of sick cattle. Once the disease is popular, it often breaks out in groups, with high incidence and low mortality. Insufficient colostrum, cold climate and poor sanitary conditions can all induce the disease and increase the mortality. This disease mostly occurs in winter.
(1) Symptoms: Sick calves are listless, with normal or slightly elevated body temperature and anorexia. Yellow or light yellow liquid dilutes feces, sometimes with mucus or blood. In severe cases, watery feces are discharged and mild diarrhea occurs. Long-term diarrhea can cause severe dehydration and acidosis and lead to death.
(2) Prevention and control:
1. treatment: oral potassium permanganate solution, 4-8g each time, oral 0.5% aqueous solution, 2-3 times a day, or oral sulfadiazine (10-20g each time, 2-3 times a day) and furazolidone 95- 10mg/kg can achieve good results. When diarrhea persists, bismuth subnitrate (5- 10g) or active substances should be taken orally. (10-20g) protects intestinal mucosa and reduces toxin absorption. Conditional, it is best to carry out symptomatic treatment such as intravenous rehydration and cardiotonic at the same time.
2. Prevention: Feed the cows with high-quality feed before labor, so that the calves can eat enough colostrum, and at the same time, they can take oral Kang Sheng to promote seedlings or milk, and strengthen environmental sanitation and disinfection to keep warm and cold.
Four. Hemorrhagic changes of bovine hematological diseases
Bovine hemorrhagic septicemia (hereinafter referred to as bovine septicemia), also known as bovine pasteurellosis, is an acute febrile infectious disease. It is characterized by sudden onset, high fever and pneumonia, high edema in the throat, and sometimes acute gastroenteritis and extensive visceral bleeding. The pathogen is Pasteurella multocida. The disease is one of the main infectious diseases of cattle in Hainan province.
Epidemic situation link: healthy cattle carrying bacteria is the characteristic of the disease. Under the influence of climate change, long-distance transportation, overwork and other emergency factors, the body's resistance decreases, and the virulence of bacteria in the body often increases, invading the blood stream, multiplying rapidly, producing toxins, making cattle sick and forming endogenous infections. In addition, pathogenic bacteria exist in the secretions and excretions of sick cattle. Improper handling will cause environmental pollution and promote the spread of diseases.
Clinical features: The disease often manifests as acute septicemia, pneumonia and edema.
1. Acute septicemia: the body temperature is as high as 40 degrees, shortness of breath, no eating, rumination stop, diarrhea, and blood sometimes mixed in feces. Often die within 24 hours. This type often appears in the early stage of the epidemic.
2. Pneumonia: Symptoms of pleuropneumonia, including elevated body temperature, shortness of breath, dry and painful cough, sticky nose, loud breathing and wheezing. Conjunctiva flush, tears. This disease is the most common, with a course of 3-4 days.
3. Edema type: The characteristic symptom is submandibular and laryngeal swelling, which is locally called "arrow throat" and "toad nevus". Sometimes edema spreads to hanging meat, chest and abdomen, limbs and so on. There is acute conjunctivitis in the eyes. The skin and mucous membrane are cyanotic and purple to blue-purple. This disease often occurs in buffalo cases.
Prevention and control: 1, prevention first, annual vaccination.
2. Once an epidemic situation occurs, emergency preventive injections are generally given to other healthy cows in the epidemic area, which can effectively control the epidemic situation.
3, sick cattle can use antibacterial drugs and symptomatic treatment, which can receive good results.
(1) Cow failure (also known as infectious bovine pleuropneumonia). Symptoms: There are three kinds of clinical symptoms.
1, acute septicemia: the body temperature suddenly rises above 40℃, the lung pulse is accelerated, the appetite is reduced, the fur is rough and messy, and the nose mirror is dry.
Dryness, dyspnea, rumination, sometimes runny nose, tears, diarrhea, etc. The feces may be mixed with fibrin or blood.
Sometimes there may be blood in the urine, and it usually dies within 24 hours.
2. Pneumonia type: the first symptoms are fatigue, conjunctival congestion, rapid heartbeat, elevated body temperature, dyspnea and pleuropneumonia.
Symptoms gradually become obvious, such as nosebleed, dry cough and dull pleural percussion.
3. Edema type: there is edema in the chest, head and neck of sick cattle, which can affect the lower abdomen, swollen tongue and pharynx, red eyes and tears in severe cases.
Drooling, dyspnea, cyanosis of mucous membrane, often die of suffocation or diarrhea collapse. Treatment: isolate and treat diseases as soon as possible,
Daniel used1000-3 million units of penicillin, and calf was injected into muscle by half. 10% sulfathiazole sodium solution can also be used.
Intramuscular injection100-150ml per head, twice a day. Chinese medicine treatment: Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Atractylodis Rhizoma, and Bletilla striata.
40g of Radix Paeoniae Alba, 40g of Cortex Magnolia Officinalis, 40g of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Septemlobae, 25g of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, 25g of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, 25g of Colla Corii Asini, Alismatis Rhizoma and Poria, and 0/3g of Fructus Cannabis/kloc-as assistant.
Take it with warm boiled water, one dose a day, and take three doses continuously. Prevention: Strengthen feeding management and avoid excessive labor, which is given every year in epidemic areas.
Cattle were injected with bovine septic aluminum hydroxide vaccine1/kloc-0 once or twice for 3 years.
(2) the flu. Symptoms: Cattle's eyes are red and swollen, breathing is difficult, joints are inflamed, and serous fluid flows out of the corners of eyes and nostrils.
Trembling, coughing, not eating, not chewing backwards, sometimes the body temperature is as high as 465438 0℃. Treatment: fresh buttercup 20g, ramie root 20g.
Gram, add a little salt to mash, apply a lame hanging hoof, and take it out for 6 hours. In addition, you can use 0.5 kg of perilla and a handful of onions.
* * * decoct thick juice once a day for 3 days. Prevention: pay attention to the heat preservation of cowshed, strengthen feeding management, drink more warm water in cold weather,
Treat sick cows in time.
(3) Rumen food accumulation is mainly due to improper feed preparation, causing indigestion, or eating too much moldy and deteriorated forage, which is wrong.
Eating poisonous plants or molds can also cause this disease. Symptoms: Cows suffer from hunchback and wagging tail, anxiety, nervousness and liver pain.
Loss of appetite, cessation of rumination, weakening or disappearance of rumen peristalsis, severe cases of shortness of breath, heart weakness, and cyanosis of mucosa,
Trembling, stumbling, lying in a coma. Treatment: stop eating and let them drink water, and massage the rumen to keep the cows from lying down and walking.
Take 500g of magnesium sulfate (sodium), 0/5g of fish fat/kloc-,600-800ml of water and 0.2 of pilocarpine once.
Kehe injection. Chinese medicine treatment is rhubarb100g, mirabilite 250g, magnolia officinalis100g, immature bitter orange and gardenia 50g each, yellow.
40g of Poria cocos, 65438+/-000g of Angelica sinensis, Crataegus pinnatifida, Semen Pruni, Fructus Cannabis, Semen Raphani and Erchou, 40g of Radix Aucklandiae and 250g of sesame oil.
Take the decoction orally to prevent: the feed should be properly prepared, and moldy feed and deteriorated grass should not be fed.
(4) Cow flatulence (also called flatulence). The reason is that cattle eat a lot of fresh leguminous forage in rumen in spring and summer.
Fermentation produces a lot of gas, which leads to flatulence in cattle. Symptoms: loss of appetite, cessation of rumination, lumbar arch, acute abdomen.
Rapid swelling, dyspnea, even mouth opening and tongue spitting, conjunctival congestion, acute sweating, panic and other symptoms,
In severe cases, people walk unsteadily or fall to the ground quickly and die. Treatment:
1, let the sick cow stand on the slope, with the front high and the back low, and vigorously massage the left acupoint to expel the gas in the stomach.
2. 30-50g tobacco leaves, 400g vegetable oil, heating and frying the vegetable oil for 5 minutes, and then irrigating the cattle once or twice.
Take it.
3. Mix 500 grams of vegetable oil, 250 grams of vinegar and garlic juice once.
4. Put some tobacco bag oil on the corner of the cow's eye, and the belly will swell up and slowly disappear.