These doubts can be found in the book Learning to Write. Breaking down the complicated writing process into seven consecutive steps is the highlight of this book.
Author Liu Yang, with ten years of media experience, founded the Internet education brand "Editor's Classroom" and set up writing training classes on the Internet, tutoring nearly 65,438+10,000 students.
In the preface, the author quotes the allusions of Cao Pi's seven-step writing, and leads to his own writing theory-the seven-step writing crash method:
1. Adjust the mentality;
2. Accumulate materials;
3. Practice narrative methods
4. straighten out the logic;
5. temper the language;
6. Imitate routines;
7. Adapt to new media.
Next, we will interpret them one by one:
When we write, our thinking is highly active and we can concentrate best. This state itself can bring us a wonderful experience. Therefore, we should enjoy the process of writing and not be afraid of writing.
Writing is actually writing out what I think, writing out an idea in my head and writing it clearly. This is the essence of writing.
The most essential and difficult part of writing is practice. The so-called high-rise building rises from the ground, as long as we practice more according to a fixed path, one day, we can also capture the fortress of writing.
Writing seems to be a high-rise building, but it actually benefits from accumulation.
1) Daily notes. Daily records accumulate writing materials. The content includes details of events, stories and philosophies, thoughts and ideas. Record anytime, anywhere.
2) Reading notes. Reading notes, the original text can learn from touching reading notes, sentiment, annotation and understanding. Extended reading notes.
Among all the materials, the most easy to accumulate, but also the most easily overlooked is the material obtained through personal experience, which is obtained from six angles: eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body and mind.
There are three main narrative methods: story narrative, pyramid narrative and brain opening.
1. Story narration
1) Time lapse method: make a timetable (timeline-event-context).
2) Event sequence method: make an event flow chart (appearance-venue-event).
3) Thematic divergence method: the content is all around a core point, and all the content is an extension of the core point.
2. Pyramid narrative method
1) Say the conclusion first, and then explain the reasons.
2) Grade first, and then find the hierarchical relationship.
3) Demonstration (Level 1) → Sub-demonstration (Level 2) → Demonstration Description (Support)
Step 3 open your brain wide
Note: be imaginative+logical+cohesive.
1, how to start?
The beginning of the article is the first content presented to the reader. A good beginning, or starting from scratch, guides readers to understand the content of the article from the shallow to the deep; Either outline and show the content framework of the article step by step; Or at least a little suspense, making people want to know the next content.
1) Story Start: Tell a story.
The story of "I" and A May in the film Chongqing Forest.
2) Summary at the beginning: Throw out the conclusion first.
An article "I think I will retaliate against society, because this society has already retaliated against me too many times ..."
3) suspense begins: arouse curiosity
Many years later, facing the firing squad, Colonel Aureliano Buendia will recall the distant afternoon when his father took him to see the ice sheet.
4) Start naturally: Say what you want to say from the beginning.
Example: Lu Xun's autumn leaves "In my backyard, you can see two trees outside the wall, one is jujube and the other is jujube."
2. How to achieve coherence
A good article is like taking readers up the mountain, ups and downs, patchwork, fascinating narrative, thoughtful reasoning, impassioned lyricism, and finally summing up. All this is like taking the reader through a wonderful journey of text construction.
But no matter how ups and downs, no matter how many writing skills are used, the article must be logical, so that all the materials will become a whole, rather than a separate and scattered existence.
How to ensure the integrity of the internal logic of the article? The most common method is overview. Think about the structure and response of the article before you start writing. How to start, there are several points in the middle, what materials to quote and what data to provide.
3. Overall content layout
Writing an article is like building a house, not all building materials can be used. Originally, four pillars can support a house instead of five fortresses, which is not only unsightly, but also destroys the overall structure of the building. The same is true for writing articles. It is not that the more materials piled up, the better.
1) Write an article to straighten out the three key words of logic: center, beginning and end, and matching.
2) The logic is manifested in four aspects: local swelling, paying attention to one thing and losing another, taking it for granted, and digressing from Wan Li.
3) Three steps to quickly straighten out structural logic: central principle method, unified principle method and supporting principle method.
4. How to end it
From the logic of writing, there is a sentence that can sum up the relationship between the parts of the article, that is, all the bedding is for the end. The beginning, central content and narrative logic of the article are not simple displays. All the previous settings are for the end.
1) must be closed at the end-don't "rock the boat".
2) The state of finishing-all the preparations before are for finishing.
3) Four ending forms: Epiphany, Openness, Revealing Secret and Scenery.
4) The ending is both content and form.
The three-layer structure of 1. language: words, sentence patterns and style.
Don't be redundant in every sentence.
The value of an article lies not in the length, but in whether it can express the complete meaning in the most refined language.
Writing should be as precious as gold, don't use a useless word.
Four ways to avoid nonsense in the article: accurate meaning, clear sentence meaning, rich meaning and clear structure
3. Details transcend the sky
Speaking of the shocking power of articles, most good articles give people the impression that they are not grand narratives, but details scattered in the articles. And the difference in writing is precisely reflected here.
Three methods of detail description: scene description, outline description and environment description.
1) Scene description: In the scene description, if only simple elements such as time, place, people and events are explained, the article may be dull, while through the detailed description, if the scene, voice, action, expression and manner at that time are explained clearly, the scene will become very vivid and the whole article will add a lot of color. Write characters, grasp the character, and write dramatic moments of events.
2) Three methods of contour description: external evaluation, external feedback and flank envelopment.
3) Three methods of environment description: natural environment, invaders and macro environment.
Learn to write dialogues, and you win half the battle.
Dialogue plays a very important role in writing. Good dialogue can promote the development of the plot, embody the character and create a certain atmosphere. Moreover, adding dialogue to the straightforward narrative will enhance the sense of rhythm of the article and narrow the distance between the article and the reader.
Dialogue can be divided into three categories: plot development, position display and metaphor pun.
5. Good articles are revised.
Many people pursue the feeling of writing an article in one go, "the article is natural, and the hand is rare", hoping that inspiration can come suddenly and they can write a good article at once. But most good articles have been revised and adjusted repeatedly.
Change the five levels of the article: words, sentences, paragraphs, structures and the finishing touch.
Liu Yang said that if you want to imitate an article, you must first understand it thoroughly. Observing the model article, you can't stay at the level of really beautiful. First of all, we disassemble the article to understand the values behind the article, the logical framework of the article, the narrative skills and the language of the article. It's much easier to imitate after knowing all the parts clearly.
"New media writing has two characteristics: First, it is highly targeted. New media writing is based on in-depth analysis of readers' characteristics and continuous excavation of specific content; The second is that there is a way. New media writing can quickly catch the reader's eye through some writing skills and form a continuous reading stickiness. "
Eight key words of new media writing: reader analysis, market segmentation, writing goal, reader interaction, hot spots, self-communication attribute, stylization and multimedia.
Everyone is watching, and everyone can write. This is the rule of new media.
Learn to write, a sunflower book of writing, follow the methods inside, follow these seven steps, and never write until you know how to write, and then write well, so that you can become a real expressive person.