(1) Exercise intensity. Exercise intensity is the amount of exercise per unit time and the core of quantifying exercise prescription. This intensity can be expressed by relative intensity, that is, the maximum exercise capacity is expressed by the percentage of the maximum oxygen consumption. Generally, a simple method can be used to estimate the heart rate during exercise to express the maximum oxygen consumption. The maximum safe exercise heart rate is 220- age. The heart rate during exercise is 60% ~ 70% of the maximum safe heart rate, which can reach 50% at the beginning and gradually increase after adaptation. Some people agree that the best heart rate is 130 beats per minute.
(2) the type of exercise. Long-distance running, walking, doing exercises and swimming are more suitable, which can enhance the cardiopulmonary function of human body. Qigong, Tai Ji Chuan, Baduanjin and self-care massage can also enhance physical fitness. Some game sports, such as table tennis, badminton and bowling, are also suitable. Gout patients are not suitable for fast and strenuous exercise, such as jumping, tumbling, antagonistic collision, etc., nor for strenuous exercise, such as sprinting and weightlifting. Some people introduce the exercise methods of walking backwards and crawling, which are said to have good effects on improving blood circulation, preventing and treating low back pain and relieving joint pain.
(3) Exercise time. It is important to pay attention to the relationship between exercise and diet. Fasting exercise is prone to hypoglycemia, and exercise immediately after meals affects digestion and absorption, so exercise after meals 1 hour is more appropriate. Exercise in the morning is not recommended, and the best time is after a nap and before dinner.
(4) Exercise duration and exercise times. Generally, it is 1 hour 20 minutes after meals, 2 ~ 3 times a day. The number of exercises varies from person to person, usually at least three times a week. People who are healthy or have exercise habits should keep exercising every day.
Exercise therapy is most suitable for patients with mild to moderate gout, especially adult obese patients. Physical therapy can also be used for patients with severe gout whose condition has been improved or controlled after diet control and drug treatment. The following patients can only choose a small amount of exercise: patients who take a lot of uric acid drugs orally and their condition is prone to fluctuation; Patients with mild heart disease, retinopathy and gouty nephropathy; Gout patients with mild to moderate hypertension, lower extremity vascular disease and peripheral neuropathy; Patients with gout caused by orthostatic hypotension.
Elderly patients with gout have one of the following conditions, which is an absolute contraindication of exercise therapy:
All kinds of acute infection, liver and kidney failure, heart failure, angina pectoris caused by mild activity, new myocardial infarction (within 4 weeks), ventricular aneurysm, arrhythmia (such as ventricular premature beats after exercise) increase, II and III degree atrioventricular block, uncontrollable atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, recent vascular embolism, severe ventilation disorder caused by cor pulmonale, uncontrollable. Uncontrolled acute gout, exercise is absolutely forbidden.
One of the following situations is the relative contraindication of exercise therapy: compensatory valvular heart disease, post-exercise arrhythmia aggravation, left bundle branch block, pacemaker, severe varicose veins, patients with thrombophlebitis in the past, neuromuscular diseases, joint deformities with aggravation trend, patients with temporary cerebral ischemia in the near future, extremely obese patients (who need to ask a specialist to make another treatment plan), and patients taking certain drugs such as digitalis preparation and beta blockers.
The exercise plan emphasizes individualization and must be constantly revised according to the specific situation.