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The first teacher, Summala Gu, like Emperor Kangxi, has been in power for the longest time in China's history, reaching 5,000 years, and was called "the Emperor through the ages" by Chairman Mao. But few people know that his first teacher was actually a maid-in-waiting, and even less people know that this maid-in-waiting is actually the son and daughter of a herdsman in Kezuozhongqi, Tongliao City. Her name is Sumaragu. Like her master, Empress Wen of Xiaozhuang, Aunt Su Mala experienced four dynasties in the Qing Palace. In the long years of more than 80 years, Aunt Summala gradually became an old man respected by the emperor and his family from a humble maid. When she first entered the palace, Aunt Su Mala and her master Xiaozhuang did not understand Manchu. Later, she accompanied Xiaozhuang to learn Manchu, and soon mastered Manchu well. She can also write beautiful Manchu. Summala is intelligent in ancient times and likes fashion design very much. According to the records in Qing Draft and Xiao Ting Miscellaneous Notes, in the first year of Qing Chongde (1636), she participated in the design and production of the founding crown of Qing Dynasty. 1643 On August 9, Qing Taizong died. At that time, Empress Xiaozhuangwen was only thirty-one years old, and her son Fu Lin was only six years old. After careful planning by Empress Xiaozhuangwen, Fu Lin became emperor, but the power in the DPRK was in the hands of Regent Dourgen. Young the emperor shunzhi always needs the support and guidance of his mother Xiao Zhuang. But according to the rules at that time, their mother and son could only meet once a month, so Xiaozhuang's secret contact with the emperor shunzhi was entirely controlled by Aunt Su Spicy. At that time, it was a very arduous and dangerous task. A slight negligence will lead to loss of life and endanger the safety of Shunzhi and Xiaozhuang. According to Xiao Ting Zalu Ma Su Lagu, when Emperor Kangxi was young, sourdrang queen chose Ma Su Lagu as his first teacher, and Michelle Ye (the name of Emperor Kangxi) was named "Lai Qixun, who taught credentials by hand". In the 12th year of Shunzhi (1655), smallpox was prevalent in Qing dynasty. All emperors and princes who had never had smallpox went outside the Forbidden City to avoid smallpox, and Michelle Ye also went to a mansion outside the palace to avoid smallpox. During this period, Summala Gu rode a horse to and from Cining Palace (the residence of Empress Xiaozhuangwen) and the acne shelter in Michelle Ye every day, and taught Michelle Ye to write Manchu as requested by Empress Xiaozhuangwen. Sue malagu was about forty years old at that time, taking care of Michelle Ye like her own child in life. She patiently induced Michelle Ye in her study and taught her carefully, which made Michelle Ye understand a lot of human feelings and master a lot of ignorant knowledge, especially the good handwriting of Emperor Kangxi, which was the basis for Su Spicy Valley to play at that time. Although Ma Su Lagu is a maid, sourdrang queen regards her as his sister and calls her Gege. Emperor Kangxi called her Erni (mother), and princes and princesses called her mother (Manchu mother was grandma). It can be seen that her position in the palace is far from that of ordinary maids. Empress Xiaozhuangwen died in the 26th year of Kangxi (1687). Before her death, she entrusted her great-grandson Yin Jia (twelve sons of Kangxi) to Summala's ancient upbringing education. Summala lived up to sourdrang queen's high hopes. In the past 20 years, relying on her excellent quality, good personality, extensive knowledge and superb communication art, she has always set an example to teach Quinn and made Quinn grow up rapidly. He has handled important government affairs in accordance with his father's will many times and has done well. In the later years of Kangxi, emperors fought against each other around the issue of succession, and Yin Geng did not participate. Quinn has deep feelings for Aunt Summala. He respects and loves the old man as much as he respects his grandmother. Aunt Summala's illness in her later years touched the hearts of Emperor Kangxi and Quinn. Kangxi was patrolling the Great Wall at that time, and specially sent someone to send her herbs and instructed Quinn to take good care of her. Yin's husband and wife were so anxious that they stayed with Aunt Su Ma day and night. In the forty-fourth year of Kangxi (1705), Summala passed away on September 7th. Kangxi held a grand funeral for her and buried her in the southeast new city outside the Feng Shui wall of the Qing Dongling. The mausoleum is built according to the level of the mausoleum. Aunt Su Mala was unmarried all her life, but she devoted a loving mother's heart to the royal family of Qing Dynasty, served the masters of four dynasties successively, and helped Xiao Zhuang cultivate an outstanding king-Emperor Kangxi. (Excerpted from Historical Stories of Durham) The resume of this paragraph is from the tomb of Gulu in Summala. The study of Qing history shows that Su was indeed a legendary figure in history. She is a Mongolian, born in a poor herdsman's family in Horqin grassland, and her birth year is about forty years of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (16 12). Formerly known as Sumer, or Sumer, it is a transliteration of Mongolian, which means long pockets made of wool. In the late Shunzhi period or Kangxi period, it was renamed Summala, meaning "half a big pocket". After her death, everyone in the palace called her Aunt Summala. Because Summala was born beautiful and intelligent in ancient times, she was well-known by Baylor House in Horqin, and made her the personal maid of Benbutai (also translated as "Bumbutai"), the second daughter of Baylor Zasang. Miss Er was none other than the later famous Xiaozhuang Wen Queen. Ten years after Golden Destiny (1625), although Benbu is only 13 years old, she has grown up like a big girl, with bright eyes and white teeth, and is beautiful and moving. This year, Ben Butai, escorted by his brother Wu Keshan, traveled long distances to Shengjing, the capital of Houjin, and married Huang Taiji, the eighth son of the then 34-year-old Houjin Khan Nurhachi. As a personal maid, Summala menstruation also accompanied her master to Shengjing. In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), when the Qing army entered the customs, Summala arrived in Beijing with Bentai, who had been honored as the empress dowager, and lived in the resplendent Forbidden City. This girl from Mongolian grassland has been expanding her horizons and improving her cultural quality in The Secret History of Xiaozhuang (18 stills). She not only speaks Mongolian well, but also quickly mastered Manchu and Chinese, especially her beautiful Manchu, which won the praise of the whole palace. As a result, she was ordered by sourdrang dowager as the first Manchu teacher of Emperor Kangxi in her childhood. During the Jiaqing period, Zhao Yun wrote in Miscellaneous Notes: "When the emperor was a child, it was entirely up to him (referring to his aunt Su Mala) to teach De and the national books." Aunt Su Spicy is clever and a master cutter. All the clothes she made fit and looked good, so she participated in the formulation of clothing styles in the Qing Dynasty. She grew up in Mongolian grassland, and of course she is good at riding horses. Every time I go outside the palace to do business for my host, Empress Xiaozhuang Wen, she rides a horse. It is closely related to Xiaozhuang Wen Queen. Summala and Empress Xiaozhuang have been together for more than 60 years. In fact, the relationship between them has already surpassed the general relationship between master and servant. Especially after the death of Huang taiji, Empress Xiaozhuangwen was just 365,438+0 years old. At the peak of her youth, she lived a widowed life. She needs a bosom friend to accompany her, and Summala Gu, a maid of similar age who was once single, is of course her best candidate. In public, they are masters and servants, but in private, they are sisters. Because of this, Summala menstruation's actual position in the palace is very high and respected. Empress Xiaozhuangwen called her Gege, which was a special name for the daughter of princes and nobles in the Eight Banners of Qing Dynasty. The emperor shunzhi and her peer theory; Emperor Kangxi called her "Ernie" and "Russian mother", that is, mother; Emperor Kangxi called her grandmother. But Ma Su Lagu is very self-aware and always modest and prudent. She not only served sourdrang queen respectfully and carefully, but also worshipped Emperor Kangxi, who was 40 years younger than herself, and always called herself a slave before the emperor. In the 26th year of Kangxi's later years (1687), Empress Xiaozhuangwen died of illness. This gave Aunt Summala a great mental shock and plunged her into sadness, loneliness and boredom. At this time, Aunt Summala is over 70 years old. If this continues for a long time, it will be extremely detrimental to her physical and mental health. In order to relieve her sadness and loneliness, Emperor Kangxi decided to give the twelve sons of the emperor Yin Jiatuo, born to the ordinary princess Wan Liuha (later princess), to Summala Gu for raising. Yin Jiasheng was born in the 24th year of Kangxi, when he was only three years old. According to the practice of the Qing dynasty, only those who have more than one title in the imperial palace are eligible to be promoted to the crown prince. Let aunt Summala raise the prince, which shows that Emperor Kangxi trusts and attaches importance to aunt Summala. Ma Su Lagu Kangxi Dynasty Lagu stills in Ma Su (15) certainly got the message, appreciated this arrangement of Emperor Kangxi, and felt a great responsibility at the same time. In order to repay the kindness of the powerful emperor, she rallied and dedicated all a woman's maternal love and energy to Quinn. Ma Su Lagu's meticulous care and tireless words and deeds made Prince Yinjia grow up healthily. Later, Quinn became a prince with political mind and talent. He was ordered to handle various government affairs many times. In the fierce battle for storage in the last years of Kangxi, Quinn rarely intervened and remained neutral. Therefore, after Yong Zhengdi acceded to the throne, he was not only not hit and excluded, but also made king of the county. During the Qianlong period, Yin Jin was named Prince Heshuo and was awarded the Minister of Deliberation. In the twenty-eighth year of Qianlong, Yin Jia died at the age of 79. Among the 35 Wang Zizhong of Emperor Kangxi, he was the oldest. Yin Geng was able to participate in the political affairs and died young, which was directly related to the careful training and guidance of Ma Su Lagu, so his affection for Ma Su Lagu was obviously deeper than that of other governors. Lifestyle Sumala Gulu has her own beliefs and lifestyle. She has never been married and has lived in the palace for more than 60 years, accompanying her master. After the death of Empress Xiaozhuangwen, she spent 18 spring and autumn in the palace. When Yin Jia grew up, she no longer needed her support, so she was completely freed and began to live a comfortable and peaceful life. In his later years, Gulu in Summala formed an indissoluble bond with Buddhism, which may be influenced by Xiao Zhuang and Shunzhi's belief in Buddhism. However, Summala's belief in Buddhism in ancient times was obviously different from others. She is not completely out of pleasure and loneliness, nor is she praying for the Buddha to bless herself. On the contrary, she combined Buddhism with loyalty to the emperor and repaying his kindness. Chanting Buddha and scriptures is the main content of her later life. She often says from the bottom of her heart, "I would like to live a few more years and kowtow to my master to thank my slave." She also said that her life was "just praying for the Buddha" and that "the merciful Mongolian master just tried his best to pray for his son in front of the Buddha statue every day. May he live forever". Life in Lagu, Ma Su has two different characteristics: First, you don't take a bath all the year round, only on the last day of the year, that is, New Year's Eve, you wash your body with a small amount of water and then drink the used dirty water; Second, don't take medicine for life, even if you are seriously ill. These two special habits in her life are clear even to an emperor who respects the Ninth Five-Year Plan. Why is this happening? People have different explanations, but none of them is convincing. But her health has been very good, and she lived to be over 90 years old, which is of course a rare longevity in the era of "seventy years old and rare". Birth, old age, illness and death are irresistible natural laws. In the forty-fourth year of Kangxi (1705), on August 27th, Aunt Summala finally fell ill in bed, with abdominal pain and bloody stool, and did not think about diet. Two days later, the condition became more serious. At this time, Emperor Kangxi was patrolling the Great Wall. Aunt Summala was at a loss when she saw that her illness was getting worse and worse and the emperor was not in the palace. So she called Emperor Kangxi's three sons, Yin Zhi, eight sons and twelve sons, to the bed and said to them, "I am an old slave of the great emperor, but I only serve the Buddha. Long live the emperor. I have bloody stool today, and my abdominal pain is unbearable. You send an urgent report, the emperor treats me, and you give me this. " When the princes saw that their grandmother was so ill, they suggested calling a doctor for treatment at once, but Aunt Summala refused. She only trusts the emperor and thinks that only the emperor can cure her illness. The princes carried Summala menstruation on their backs, called the doctor, introduced her illness to them and asked their opinions. The doctor said that this is a disease of spleen deficiency and internal fire in the elderly, which is very dangerous if it is not treated strictly. At the same time, the ministers reported Summala's illness to the emperor's father, and at the same time, the head of the office of internal affairs began to prepare for the funeral. In the forty-fourth year of Kangxi (170510124 October), Sumaramu's heart stopped beating, ending her colorful life at the age of 90. The people in the palace were very sad about Aunt Summala's death. On the day of the funeral, all the adult princes attended the funeral except the fifth son Yin Qi, the tenth son Yin Mei and the fourteenth son Yin Gui who stayed in the Forbidden City. After Sumatra's coffin stopped at the burial palace, all the ministers returned to their respective houses, but Quinn, the twelve sons of the emperor, made a request, saying, "My aunt raised me since I was a child, but I failed to repay it. I am willing to stay for a few days, provide meals within a hundred days, and recite the scriptures in Sanqi. " Traditionally, there is no precedent for the funeral of Su Like malagu, the servant. The prince provides meals and Sanqi recites scriptures. Yin Zhi didn't dare to agree to the request of silence, so in the memorial of the death of Lagu in Ma Su on the ninth day of September, he also wrote down the request of silence and asked his father for instructions. On the memorial, Emperor Kangxi approved: "Brother XII's words are right, so I will do as he asks." Yin lived in the mourning palace, held a wake for Summala, provided meals and recited scriptures, and other princes took turns to send one person to Yin's company every day. Emperor Kangxi once instructed the prince that if anything happened to his grandmother, he would stay for seven days and then leave his clean body. The purpose is to go back to the palace to see my dear E Niang and bid farewell to her body. But later, he didn't return to the palace until 15, so he issued a decree again, asking the princes to keep aunt Summala's body for another seven days until he returned to the palace. This shows the intimate feelings between Emperor Kangxi and Aunt Summala. In order to repay Summala Gu's contribution to the Qing Dynasty and the kindness of "teaching her credentials by hand and cultivating her son by her", and to support the prince, Emperor Kangxi decided to handle Summala Gu's funeral according to the ceremony. This is a great honor for Summala, who was born as a slave. Summala and Empress Xiaozhuang lived together for more than 60 years and spent extraordinary years. Of course, we should accompany each other after death. At that time, Zigong in Xiao Zhuang was parked in the temporary Anfengtang at the foot of Changrui Mountain in Zunhua, and Emperor Kangxi decided to park Summala's coffin here. Aunt Summala's coffin was moved into the temporary Anfengtang on October 13th, 44th year of Kangxi. Master and servant have been separated for 18 years. I believe that when they meet again in the underworld, I will definitely thank Emperor Kangxi for this thoughtful arrangement for them. Emperor Kangxi failed to solve the problem of the tomb of his grandmother, Empress Xiaozhuang Wen, so the coffins of Xiao Zhuang and Aunt Summala have been parked in the temporary Anfeng Hall. After Yong Zhengdi acceded to the throne, he thought that after sourdrang queen died and the Holy Father was in office for a long time, the Great Qing Dynasty was prosperous, and the descendants were multiplied, indicating that the temporary Anfeng Hall was a treasure trove of geomantic omen, so he decided to rebuild it into the Zhaoxi Mausoleum. The reconstruction project broke ground on February 3rd in the third year of Yongzheng (1725) and was completed in November of the same year. 1February 10, Empress Xiaozhuangwen was officially buried in the underground palace of Zhaoxiling. Aunt Summala is neither a member of the royal family, nor a descendant of Aisinggioro, nor a concubine of the emperor. Because of her limited feng shui and fame, she can't be buried with her master. Yongzheng is only younger than the third son Yunzhi 1 year. Summala menstruation died at the age of 28. He knows and respects Aunt Summala very well, and once attended Aunt Summala's funeral with other princes. In order to take care of the close relationship between Summala Gulu and Xiao Zhuang, Yong Zhengdi decided to bury her near the Zhaoxi Mausoleum. According to Feng Shui officials, the cemetery was chosen outside the east wall of the southeast new town of Zhaoxiling, only 1.5 km away from Zhaoxiling. The Sumara Wood Garden was started in February of the third year of Yongzheng and completed in July of the same year. Suma Lamu was buried in the garden on the seventh day of August. This garden faces south, and its main buildings face north to south: there is a treasure roof on the underground palace, three garden sleeping doors, three pavilions and three gates in front, surrounded by Zhu Yuan. The east-west value room and the east-west wing are built outside the door. Baoding is located on the longitudinal axis of the round bed. The author has repeatedly investigated the garden beds in Gulu, Summala, and visited the elderly in Nanxincheng. According to the old people, in the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), Eight-Nation Alliance attacked Beijing, and Empress Dowager Cixi fled Beijing with Emperor Guangxu. The local people thought that the Great Qing Dynasty had been destroyed, so they jumped together and tore down the garden bed. Summala underground palace was stolen before the Japanese surrender, and it was open for a long time. An old man who once entered the underground palace recalled that the underground palace in Summala was so small that people couldn't stand up in it, and the four walls were made of bricks. The top of the underground palace is covered with huge flat slabs. The ground is also a flat slate with a bulge in the middle. The top is flat, with a flat-bottomed circular groove more than ten centimeters deep. Old people say that Gulu in Summala was cremated, saying that there was only one jar in the underground palace, and there was water in the jar when it was stolen. The underground palace in the east has never heard of being stolen. The old man's words provided important information for us to understand Summala Gulu and her garden bed and study the burial system in the early Qing Dynasty. Today, the treasure dome of Gulu in Summala still exists, and many tourists come here to mourn and miss this extraordinary woman.