1, white wine

Fake wine is blended with alcohol and only contains alcohol, water, sweeteners and other ingredients; Real liquor is produced by fermentation, so it also contains other components, such as esters, which can react with alkali in water bath and turn brown, so it can be tested by caustic soda. Methods: Sodium hydroxide, commonly known as caustic soda, was needed. Add 2g of caustic soda into the liquid to be tested, put it into a test tube, and then put it into hot water for 10 minute. Good liquor will appear yellow, while the blended inferior liquor will not change color at all. Identification principle: high-quality liquor is brewed with grain, and inferior liquor is blended with industrial alcohol without chemical reaction.

2. wine

Glory appraisal. Just look, dry red wine will show bright colors such as purple, crimson and ruby red due to different varieties, while deteriorated wine is colorless.

Smell the fragrance. High-quality wine should be fruity, mellow, fermented and fragrant, while deteriorated wine will have sour taste, sulfur taste and peculiar smell. Soda soda is put into wine, if it turns blue, it is wine (the darker the better), and if it doesn't change color, it is fake wine (no grape juice).

3. Soy sauce

Good quality soy sauce is brownish red, bright under the light, and poor quality soy sauce is dark and dim; Good quality soy sauce has sauce flavor and ester flavor. Inferior soy sauce does not have these special flavors, and some even have an odor.

Try it: shake one part of soy sauce and three parts of anhydrous ethanol (alcohol) for a minute or two. Good soy sauce has massive precipitation, and poor soy sauce has little or no precipitation.

4. Sesame oil

Method 1: Some fake sesame oil is made of harmful black cottonseed oil. The surface tension of real sesame oil in water is very small because of the large molecule of sesame aldehyde. When the chopsticks dipped in the oil to be measured are gently dropped into the water, the sesame oil will quickly disperse, while the fake sesame oil will still gather together. The adulterated sesame oil drops are small and thick, which is not easy to spread. The sesame oil below 10 yuan must be adulterated.

Identification principle: Depending on the surface tension of oil, sesame oil has a small tension, so it will disperse quickly. Chopsticks should be close to the water surface when dripping oil. If the distance is too high, even inferior oil will be dispersed by gravity. )

Method 2: the strong acid reagent is dripped into sesame oil, and the real sesame oil turns red, not sesame oil.

5. New rice and old rice

The new rice has a shiny surface, which looks better and tastes better. The unscrupulous traders smeared oil on the surface of old rice, making it inferior. How do we know? One method is to soak rice in warm water for a few minutes. If there are oil flowers floating on the water, it is old rice. But if there is less oil, the oil flower will not float. At this time, you can wrap the rice with ordinary paper towels and hold it tightly for about a minute. Using the absorbability of the paper towel and the transparency of the paper towel after oil absorption, the oil rice is spread out after the paper towel is unfolded. If the oil is low, observe it in a dark room with the help of an ultraviolet lamp. If the unfolded paper towel presents transparent rice grains, it is the oiled old rice.

6.black rice, black beans and black peanuts

Black (purple) plants such as black rice contain anthocyanins. Boyle used litmus as an acid-base indicator to identify the acidity and alkalinity of the solution more than 300 years ago. Conversely, if white vinegar is poured into some black rice, anthocyanin will turn red when it meets acid. If it stays the same or turns black, it means it is dyed black rice. But if half is real black rice and half is mixed with fake black rice, try to replace "some" with "one by one" test.

Identification method of true and false black rice: the first trick: smell it with your eyes. High-quality black rice has a full appearance, uniform and black color, and a faint rice flavor; Fake black rice is dull in color and smells like chemical dyes.

The second measure: put a spoonful of black rice in the cup, pour half a cup of white vinegar and stir well. The white vinegar in the cup will change immediately. If the color becomes more and more red, it will eventually become bright red, which is definitely true black rice; If the white vinegar does not change color and turn black, it must be fake black rice.

Identification principle: the epidermis of black rice contains anthocyanins, which will turn red when it meets acid. (Reminder: Authentic black rice will fade slightly during the cleaning process, which is normal. )

7. Identification of 7.PPR water pipes

PPR pipe is a three-type polypropylene pipe.

False tube case 1: light transmission. PPR pipeline should be opaque, otherwise photosynthetic microorganisms will breed in the pipeline and cause secondary pollution.

False tube case 2: doping, mainly adding cheap calcium carbonate. The specific gravity of true PPR tube is between 0.90-0.9 1, and the false tube is slightly heavier. One of the identification methods is to sample burns, and a fake tube mixed with calcium carbonate produces a lot of bubbles when hydrochloric acid is dripped into the residue; The second identification method is density method, that is, the specific gravity of fake pipe is greater than that of real pipe. The specific method is to take 60 grams of pipe to be tested, saw a small gap in the middle, and put a 1 yuan circulating coin (about 6 grams) to make its specific gravity form a relationship of ten to one. Immersed in water, if it sinks, it is a fake pipe. The floating PPR tube may be bad, but the sinking PPR tube must not be used. Once used, it will burst in a short time. In addition, when choosing pipes, try not to choose white, because white pipes are generally transparent. Under sunlight, microorganisms will be activated and the water quality will be polluted twice, so try to buy dark PPR tubes.

8. energy-saving lamps

Energy-saving lamps, namely rare earth tricolor compact fluorescent lamps.

Fake energy-saving lamp shell 1: halogen powder is used instead of fluorescent powder. Due to the lack of red light when the halogen powder is electrified, the color reduction ability is poor, and it will appear cyan when irradiated with red substances. So healthy people can use the red palm to get close to the light source. If the rosy color of the palm is regarded as cyan, it is false, and if it is still rosy, it is true.

Case 2 of fake energy-saving lamps: fake lampshades can not be flame retardant, which is easy to cause accidents and even fires; The lampshade of a real lamp can only burn black even with a lighter, and it will go out immediately after leaving the fire.

Real energy-saving lamps are more expensive. For example, the retail price of 15 watt is generally around 20 yuan; The price of fake energy-saving lamps is relatively low, generally not exceeding 10 yuan.

9. Dry cleaning and washing

The dry cleaning identification button is encapsulated in a button-like object with hydrophilic and oleophobic particles and hidden in the hidden part of the clothes. This kind of particle will become paste when it meets water 10 second, and it will be fine when it meets oil.

10, identify the quality of paper towels.

A look: good quality paper towels are pure white, without spots and stains, and poor quality paper towels have more spots and stains.

Secondary combustion: good quality paper towels burn brightly, and there is less ash after burning, showing white ash. On the contrary, the quality is poor.

Triple exposure: irradiated by ultraviolet lamp, the paper towels with good quality reflect less light, and the paper towels with poor quality emit blue light due to the use of fluorescent whitening agent. Paper cups can also be tested like this.

1 1, it is also possible to identify the "ghost scale" mobile phone.

The weight of the mobile phone is relatively fixed, just like a weight. After knowing the weight of other fixed items such as mobile phones or keys, you can use it to measure wherever you go, and it is clear at a glance whether the scale is passive or not.

12, pork water injection

When buying pork, you only need to bring a lighter and a paper towel to quickly identify the water-injected pork. The method is: just stick a napkin on the pork. Ten seconds later, take it off and light it. It's not easier to water pork because the paper is oily. If it is not easy to burn, it is water-injected meat, because the water on the paper is high, so it is not easy to ignite.

13, good or bad honey

Quick identification of good and bad honey with paper towels: Real honey will not disperse after dropping on paper towels for ten minutes, and the speed of dispersion is very slow, and it will remain spherical after dropping for ten minutes, while inferior honey will immediately penetrate into paper towels, leaving obvious marks on the surface of paper.

14, plug: mainly depends on the thickness of metal sheet.

15, socket: mainly depends on tightness.

16. Electric wire: if the household appliances exceed 13kg, the No.53 wire must be used.

17, water dispenser: You can see if there is any abnormal switch on the casing. If not, it may be a fake.