Darfur is a religious liar, pretending to be hypocritical to cheat the trust of Olguun and becoming a guest of Olguun's family. Olgun listened to him, treated him with courtesy, treated him with good wine and meat, and regarded him as a "spiritual mentor". Olgen didn't listen to his family's advice, went his own way, regardless of his daughter's wishes and happiness, betrothed his daughter, who had already been betrothed to Falaer, to Dahl, and told him that a political prisoner entrusted him to keep the secret of confidential documents. But Darduff pushed his luck. He pretended to be hypocritical and flirted with Olgun's wife Emil at his home in Olgun. After being exposed by Cleonti, he used clever words to get away with it. What's more, he framed Cleonti and made Olgen write a written statement in a rage to transfer all his property to his own name. The family was outraged, and Olgu was designed to see Dahl's gaffes with his own eyes. Olgu suddenly woke up, and Dahl showed his true colors. Darduff took Olgun to court on the basis of written documents and confidential documents in an attempt to deprive Olgun of all his property and put Olgun in a political prison. Finally, the king was wise, saw through Dahl's hypocritical face, pardoned Olgun and arrested Dahl.

selected works

Act iii

The first field

Big miss, Dorina.

Miss, if I meet my elders, I will cringe when I meet officials, and I can't get out. When I come, I will be struck by lightning, and I will be regarded as top waste everywhere!

Dorina, please don't be so angry: your father only mentioned the marriage verbally. Words come true, not necessarily, there is still a long way to go.

Miss Smith, I must expose the plot of the bad guy and let him listen to something good.

Dorina ho. Wait! Deal with him and your father and give it to your stepmother. She has influence in Darfur; When she opens her mouth, no matter what she says, he always smiles, and his heart may be very interesting to her. If only it were like this! That would be great. Anyway, for your sake, she invited him to come and talk. You can't resist your marriage. She asked him out to sound him out, listen to his opinions, and let him know that if he had any hope for the plan, it would cause an unfortunate dispute. His pager said he was praying and I didn't see him; But the page told me that he was coming down. So, I'm begging you, get out. Let me wait for him.

Miss, I can join their conversation.

Dorina can't come. Just the two of them.

Miss, I won't talk to him.

Dorina, you are talking to yourself: Who doesn't know that you have a bad temper at ordinary times, and it is this kind of temper that is really bad. Get out.

No, miss, I want to see it. I'm just not angry.

Dorina, you are really annoying! Here he comes. Go away.

The second field

Dadaf, Laurent, Dorina

Darduff (seeing Dorina) Lauren, put away my bitter clothes and pointer; Pray to God that the light of God will always light up your heart. When someone comes to see me, tell them that I have distributed the money raised to the prisoners.

Dorina is really good at pretending and bragging!

Dadav, what can I do for you?

Dorina told you? ...

Darduff (takes a handkerchief out of his pocket)! My God, I beg you, before you speak, hold this handkerchief for me.

What does Dorina do?

Dadaf, cover your chest. I can't stand it: a situation like this will corrode people's hearts and cause guilty thoughts.

Dorina, so you can't stand the temptation, and your body plays such a big role in you? To tell the truth, I don't know what risks you are taking, but I am so insensitive that I can see you naked from head to toe. Don't try to touch my heart with your whole body skin.

Duff, watch your mouth, or I'll leave at once.

No, no, it's my turn to go. Please stay. I'll just tell you one thing. My wife is coming to the lobby below the building. I hope you can take part in the conversation.

Darduff, alas! You are very welcome.

Dorina (to himself) He suddenly softened! Really, I always feel that what I said before makes sense.

Duff, is she here?

Dorina, I think I heard her coming. Yes, it's her. I left you.

Third field

Dardaf Amir

Darduff is willing to bless your physical and mental health forever in the spirit of heaven, and grant the wishes of the humblest believers and give you a long life.

Emil is very grateful for this pious message. But let's sit down. Much more comfortable.

Duff, I'm sorry. Goodbye?

Emile is much better! The heat will come down soon.

This kindness from Darfur is by no means beyond my reach; But I didn't pray once, not to beg God for your recovery.

Emile, you care too much about * * *.

Don't care too much about Darfur and cherish your precious health; I would rather sacrifice my health than restore yours.

Emil, it is rare for you to carry forward the spirit of Christ's love and kindness in this way. I simply don't know how to thank you.

Darfur is far from what I should do for you.

Emil, I want to talk to you alone. I'm glad no one is eavesdropping now.

I am as overjoyed as Darfur: Madam, I feel much better when I am alone with you. I asked heaven for such an opportunity, and it has been given to me until now.

Emil, as far as I'm concerned, I hope to listen to you and not hide anything, so that we can meet sincerely.

Darduff thanked God for his special favor, and I hope I can show you all my feelings and give you a statement in the name of God. Someone loves your beauty and visits your home. Although I blame you, I don't mean to hate you at all. Actually, it's just passion, involuntary, pure motivation. ...

Emil, I think so, too, and I believe you did it for my own good.

Duff (holding her fingertips) Yes, madam, it's true. I'm too enthusiastic ...

Emile. You're pinching me.

Dadaf, because I am too enthusiastic, I don't want to upset you at all. I'd rather ...

He put his hand on her knee.

Emil, what are your hands doing here?

Da Dafu, let me feel your clothes: the material is quite soft.

Emile. Please take your hand away, I'm ticklish.

She moved her chair back, and Dahl took it and leaned forward.

Dadav Oh, my God! How skillfully lace is woven! Today's craftsmanship is amazing. I have never seen anything so exquisite.

Emile is really great. But let's get down to business. It is said that my husband is going to break the contract and marry his daughter to you. Do you think this is true?

Darnay, he mentioned it to me; But to tell the truth, madam, this is not the happiness I miss; The bliss of the world, wonderful and unspeakable, can satisfy me, I think it is still nearby.

Emil, that's because you don't crave the world of mortals.

Dadaf, the heart in my chest is not made of stone.

Emil, in my opinion, I believe that you worship heaven wholeheartedly, and this world has nothing to do with you.

Darduff, we love the beauty of eternal things, so we don't love the beauty of human things; God creates perfect works, and our hearts may be easily fascinated. A woman like you reflects the beauty of heaven, but the most precious miracle of heaven is displayed on you alone: God has given you a beautiful face, and anyone will be fascinated by it. You are a perfect creation, and I can't help praising the creator in my eyes; You are the most beautiful self-portrait of the creator, and I can't help but feel warm love in my heart. At first, I was afraid that it was a sudden attack by the devil, and even regarded you as an obstacle to my monasticism, and I made up my mind to avoid it, but in the end, alas! How charming and beautiful, I realize that this infatuation is not so bad. If arranged properly, I can adapt to honesty and shame, and I can do whatever I want. I dare to dedicate this heart to you, I admit, very presumptuous; However, in this respect, my skills are not high and my efforts are in vain. Whether my wish can come true depends entirely on your sympathy. You are my hope, my happiness and my purity. Whether I am miserable or happy depends on you. In short, if you want me to enjoy it, I will enjoy it. If you want me to suffer, I will suffer, depending on your final decision.

Emil, what you said is very affectionate, but to be honest, it's a bit surprising. I think you should be strong and behave yourself. Believers like you, everyone says ...

Darduff, alas! I am a believer, but I am also a human being; I was ecstatic when I saw your beautiful face. I can't control myself, so I can't express myself. I know this is neither fish nor fowl, but in the end, madam, I am not a fairy. If you blame me for not loving you, you should blame yourself for being beautiful and charming. As soon as I saw your radiant and peerless appearance, you became the master in my heart; I don't want to resist. I overcame fasting, prayer, tears and all my efforts. Your charm has sucked away all my wishes. My eyes and my * * * have told you my thoughts a thousand times, and now I will tell you my situation by voice. You have a little pity for the suffering of your incompetent slave. If you are willing to be compassionate and willing to comfort, you will be humble. Oh! I will always worship your delicious miracle, and no one else can compare with me. With me, your reputation will never be affected, and you don't have to be afraid of any humiliation from me. Women like romantic figures who come in and out of the palace. In fact, they are careless and frivolous, constantly boasting about their progress and publicizing their benefits to everyone. People believed that they kept their mouths shut, only to find that their tongues left no information, and they defiled the altar they worshipped. But people like us, when they are in love, are cautious and keep it a secret, and the woman can rest assured. We cherish our reputation and give the best guarantee to the women we love first, so if we accept our hearts, they can get love from us without making trouble, getting joy and being afraid.

Emil, I listened carefully to what you said, and I think what you said is quite clear to me. Aren't you afraid that I will tell my husband this warm love story on a whim? I told him the love story at once. Aren't you afraid of him changing his friendship with you?

Darduff, I know that you are kind and will forgive me for my turbulent behavior. You will also think of people's weaknesses and forgive me for being speechless and offending you. Besides, I admit that I am not blind at the sight of your charm, and people will die.

Elmer, if this happens to others, they may change their ways; But I think it's better to be cautious. I won't tell my husband, but if I want to do this, I want you to do one thing, that is: honestly promote the marriage between Farrell and Marianne, never get in the way, never sacrifice the happiness of others and satisfy your own hopes with improper power. ...

Scene 4

Big miss, Elmer, Dadaf

Big miss (coming out of his hiding suite) no, mom, no, this matter should be made public. I was in there just now and happened to hear everything. God has eyes, as if to deliberately bring me in, blow my villain's arrogance, show me a way to retaliate against his hypocrisy and arrogance, open my father's eyes and see the soul of this villain who loves you.

Hermes, no need; As long as he studies hard and tries to repay me for forgiving his kindness, it will be a success. I have promised him, so don't ask me to change my mind. Loud gongs and drums are not to my taste: a woman will never bother her husband's ears with such nonsense, it's just a laugh.

Miss, you have your reasons for doing this; I don't do this. I have my reasons. Letting him go for no reason became a joke. He pretended to be pious and domineering, which caused many disputes among us. I should be angry, but I am full of anger and have no place to vent. The scoundrel opposed my marriage and Farrell's marriage and controlled his father for too long. This boy's face should be recognized by his father. Finally, God has eyes and gave me such a convenient way. This opportunity is too favorable. I thank God that it was too late to let it go in vain. Pity: I don't need the chance I got, but I'd better get it back from God.

Miss Hermes ...

Sorry, miss. No, I have to do what I want. I am overjoyed and very happy now; You advised me to give up the pleasure of revenge, which is tantamount to persuading me in vain. Stop talking, I'm going to get things done. My father's arrival is just what I want.

Scene 5

Olgu, Miss Da, Dahl, Emil.

Dad Smith, something unexpected just happened to you. We were just about to tell you. You must be very happy to hear that. Your goodness pays off, and this gentleman doubles your goodness. He has just shown great enthusiasm: there is nothing to do but defile your reputation. I found him heartless and confessed his affair to his mother here. Mother is kind-hearted and too formal. As long as you keep a secret; But I can't forgive such brazen behavior. I think it is disrespectful to keep it from you.

Emil: Yes, I don't think those words make sense. When the wife hears these words, she shouldn't parrot and make her husband feel uneasy. A good reputation is not gained by imitating words and phrases. We know how to protect ourselves, that's enough. I think so, too, Miss Smith. If you respect me, don't say anything.

Scene 6

Olgun, big miss, Dahl.

Olgen. Oh, my God! Is it true what I just heard?

Yes, Daoyou, I'm a bad guy, a sinner, a hateful scum, lawless, and the biggest rogue since ancient times. My life is a pile of sin and filth, and every minute is not dirty. I think God intends to punish me, so I take this opportunity to test me. I was accused by others, and I dare not belittle myself for the biggest crime, and I argued for it. Believe what people tell you, fly into a rage, treat me like a criminal and kick me out of your house. I deserve more humiliation. It's nothing at all.

Olgen (to his son)! How dare you spread rumors and defile his virtue if you are unfilial and disobedient?

Big miss. What? This guy is hypocritical, pretending to obey. Do you really believe? ...

Olgen, shut up, damn it.

Dadav Let him say: you are wrong about him. You'd better believe what he says. In that case, why are you so kind to me? Finally, you know what I can't do? Daoyou, do you believe my appearance? Do you believe that I am a good person on the surface? Can't do it, can't do it: you are deceived by the phenomenon, alas! I am not much better than people think. Everyone regards me as a man of noble character; But the truth is: I'm worthless. (turning to the big lady) Yes, my dear child, come on, treat me as a treacherous thing, a wicked man, a robber and a murderer, and call me more abominable words, and I will never refute it; So it should be. I am willing to kneel down to pay homage to the great shame, because I have done a lot of evil in my life and should be ashamed.

Daoyou Olgu (to Dahl), you have gone too far. Unfilial disobedience (to son), not admitting mistakes?

Big miss. What? Do you really believe his story ...

Olgen, shut up, you bastard. (To Dahl) Daoyou, hey! Please stand up! Something (to his son).

Miss, he will.

Olgen, stop.

The big lady pissed me off! What? Think of me as ...

Olgen, you say a word and I'll break your arm.

Daoyou Darduff, for God's sake, don't be angry. I would rather endure the most terrible pain than have him tear a small hole in my skin for me.

Olgu (to his son) ungrateful thing!

Duff, let him go. If necessary, I kneel down and beg you to spare him. ...

Olgu (to Dahl) Ouch! What are you doing? (to son) Son of a bitch! Look how nice he is.

Miss big, so.

Olgen, shut up.

Big miss. What? I ...

Olgen, did you hear that? Shut your mouth. I understand why you attacked him: you all hate him, and today I saw my wife, children and page against him; How dare you try to drive this pious man away from my house. But the more you drive him away, the more I want to keep him. I will marry my daughter to him as soon as possible in order to combat the arrogance of my family.

Miss, do you want to force her to marry him?

Olguhn is right, unfilial. I will pay tribute to you tonight in order to provoke you. Hey! Let's watch. I want you to know that I am a parent and everyone should obey. All right, take it back, troublemaker. Kneel down and beg his forgiveness.

Big miss. Who? me? Begging for forgiveness from this son of a bitch? He relies on his own ability to deceive people. ...

Olgen. Beggar, how dare you scold him if you don't listen? Find a stick! Find a stick! (to Dahl) Don't stop me. (to son) OK, get out of my house at once and never come back.

Big miss: ok, I'll go; but ...

Olgen, get out of here. You damn fool, I'll revoke your inheritance and curse you to die a natural death.

Game 7

Olgun in Darfur

How dare Olgen offend a saint like this!

Darduff God, please forgive the pain he has caused me! (To Olgu) It would be nice to see someone trying to speak ill of me in front of Taoist friends. You know how sad I am. ...

Olgen, ouch!

Dadaf, when I think that people will bite the hand that feeds them, I feel like there are thousands of needles stuck in my heart ... There will be such a thing in the world ... I am so miserable that I can't speak. I believe I will die soon.

Olgen (with tears on his face, he ran to the door and kicked his son out) Bastard! I regret going easy on you and not killing you immediately. Daoyou, don't be sad or angry.

Dadaf, let's stop this unfortunate quarrel. I see how much trouble I have caused your family, Daoyou. I think I'd better leave your family.

Olgen what? What do you call this?

Duff, they hate me. I think they want you to suspect that I am cheating on you.

What does Olgen have to do with this? Do you think I noticed them?

Darfur, they will not stop there; If you don't believe the same bad words now, you may believe them next time.

Olgu won't, Daoyou, never.

Darduff ho! A woman like Daoyou can easily coax her husband.

Olgen won't, won't.

Duff, get off me. As soon as I left your house, they had no reason to attack me like this.

Olgu: No, you stay: if you leave, I can't live.

Darduff All right! Well, if that's the case, I'll suffer again. However, if you like. ...

Olgen.

Dadaf, forget it. Stop it. But I know what I should do. Reputation can't be destroyed. As a friend, I should prevent rumors and others from getting suspicious. I will avoid seeing your wife in the future, and you will never see me again. ...

No, they can do whatever they like. You are always with her. My greatest pleasure is to piss them off. I want everyone to see that you have been with her. It's not enough: I will fight them to the end. Nobody wants to be my heir except you. I'll give you all my property and go through the formalities at once. A kind and honest friend became my son-in-law, more affectionate than my son, wife and parents. Do you accept my suggestion?

Darduff, may God's will be realized in everything.

Olgen, poor man! Let's go and prepare the certificate. Whoever can't stand it will be angry!

(translated by Li Jianwu)

Make an appreciative comment

When people mention "hypocrite", they often think of a character in Moliere's plays-Darduff, because in real life, Darduff has become synonymous with "hypocrite". Darfur is the protagonist in Moliere's comedy Darfur. The play has also been translated into Liar or Hypocrite, which is the most frequently performed play among Moliere's works. After performing in China, it was also deeply loved by the audience in China.

Darfur is a satirical comedy that mocked the hypocrisy of religion, so it was attacked by religious groups at that time, so the performance experienced twists and turns. 1664 May, it was first performed in the form of three acts, but it was opposed by the sacrament meeting, forcing King Louis XIV to ban it. Therefore, Moliere wrote his first article "Chen Qingbiao" in August 2008, telling his grievances. 1667 In August, the revised Darfur was renamed a liar, which premiered for the second time and was banned. Moliere wrote a second letter to Chen Qingbiao to express his indignation. 1669, Darfur appeared and was released in the form of the existing five-act drama. At this time, Moliere wrote the third Chen Qingbiao with the happy mood of the winner. It is precisely because of Moliere's indomitable struggle with religious groups that Darfur has developed from a three-act comedy to a five-act satirical comedy with serious practical significance and has become a flower of art that never fades.

The three-act version of Darfur has been lost, and now it is a five-act satirical comedy. The whole play centers on the religious swindler Darduff, exposing his hypocrisy. The hypocrisy of Darfur is mainly reflected in two aspects in the script. On the one hand, it is his deception and disguise. Darfur can become an honored guest of Olguun by pretending to be poor, winning his sympathy, then pretending to be a devout believer, gaining his trust step by step, and finally even tricking Olguun into marrying his engaged daughter and giving him all his property. On the other hand, his desire and greed. Olgun betrothed his daughter to him, but he was not satisfied, so he blackmailed Emil, Olgun's wife, to flirt with her. Later, he even pushed his luck and shamelessly asked too much. Besides, Dahl is extremely greedy. He donated all the money he got to those in need, but actually put it in his pocket. And his pursuit of Orgun's property and persecution of Orgun himself fully show his greedy nature.

As the core figure, Darduff does not appear many times in the play, only 1 1 times out of 3 1 times, while Olgen has 2 1 times. However, the author's ingenuity always gives people the feeling that Darfur's "absence" is actually "everywhere", and Darfur's appearance has always been praised, which can also reflect the feeling of "everywhere". In the five acts of the whole drama, Darfur, as the central figure, did not appear in the first and second acts. But as soon as the curtain of the drama opened, Darduff appeared in front of readers and audiences. Mrs Bernard complained bitterly about Darfur, boasting that Darfur is rare in the sky and hard to find on the ground; While others laugh at Darfur. This shows the hypocrisy of Darfur. In the second act, Olgen regards Darfur as a "spiritual mentor", and even wants to dissolve his daughter Mariana's engagement with Falaer and force her daughter to marry Darfur. People's talk about Darfur, especially two completely different attitudes, deeply impressed the image of Darfur in the minds of readers and viewers, thus forming a strong expectation for the emergence of Darfur and calling for its appearance. This suspense greatly enhances the dramatic effect.

It can be said that "however, we called for it a thousand times and urged it a thousand times before she started work on us", and Darduff finally appeared in the third act. He was "extraordinary" as soon as he appeared. His disguise, his greed, his lust, through his short words, were exposed completely, very crisp and neat. As soon as he appeared, he saw his servant Dorina coming. He immediately said to his attendants, "Lauren, put away my bitter clothes and pointer;" Pray to God that the light of God will always light up your heart. When someone sees me, they say that I have distributed the money raised to prisoners. " Seeing Dorina wearing a low-necked dress, she said, "Ah! My God, I beg you, before you speak, take this handkerchief for me and cover your chest. I can't stand it; Situations like this will corrode people's minds and cause guilty thoughts. Dorina hit the nail on the head and pointed out Dahl's nasty nature: "So you can't stand the temptation, and your body has played such a big role for you?" To tell the truth, I don't know what risks you are taking, but I'm so insensitive that I can see you naked from head to toe. Don't try to touch my heart with your whole body skin. "When he saw Emil, he immediately became interested. He teased her, molested her and expressed his wild thoughts with disgusting words. In the sixth scene of the third act, when Mies exposed Darfur in front of Orgun, the essence of Darfur was vividly displayed. As a result, Smith didn't achieve his goal, which made Olgu trust Darfur more and decided to give him all his possessions.

Moliere is ingenious in plot layout. The ambush in the first and second acts makes people anxious to see Darfur. In the final psychological period, they wait for the protagonist to come out quickly, and sometimes even feel that the plot is progressing a little slowly. However, as soon as the protagonist appeared in the third act, the plot of the play progressed like a storm, which made people dizzying: Dardaf flirted with the Emir for the first time-Damis exposed Dardaf-Olgun angered Damis, gave his property to Dardaf, who designed it, and Olgun saw Dardaf's face in person-Dardaf was bitten. So many plots are concentrated in the next three acts, which are unfolded for readers and audiences in one go.

The author satirizes and exposes the hypocritical nature of Darfur mainly through comparison and exaggeration. In front of Orgun, he did his duty as a devout believer, supervised the Orgun family on behalf of God, and made Orgun regard him as a god and a "spiritual mentor". But behind Olgen's back, he is a real rascal, molesting the Emir and embezzling Olgen's property. Before acting, others said they would donate all the money raised to the prisoners, but then they put it in their pockets without paying a penny. Exaggeration runs through contrast. Others in the Olguhn family exaggerated the description of Darduff's evil scandal, and Olguhn himself and his mother, Mrs. Bernard, also exaggerated their reverence for Darduff. The different performances of the people in Darfur have been greatly exaggerated. This kind of contrast exaggeration not only makes readers and audiences understand Dahl's hypocritical nature, but also greatly enhances the comedy color of the play. Because in the first and second acts, the image of Darfur has almost come out through everyone's words, so what Darfur said and did after his appearance is naturally in the hearts of readers and viewers. However, after his appearance, his words and deeds were even more exaggerated than others, highlighting exaggeration in comparison, which was unexpected and made people laugh, resulting in a reasonable and unreasonable dramatic effect.

(Yang Xiuzhen)